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| PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Data Sheet 28/40/44-Pin, Low-Power, High-Performance Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * * * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable." * * Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer's risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Octopus, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2010, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-60932-175-8 Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC(R) MCUs and dsPIC(R) DSCs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. DS41412B-page 2 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 28/40/44-Pin, Low-Power, High-Performance Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology High-Performance RISC CPU: * C Compiler Optimized Architecture: - Optional extended instruction set designed to optimize re-entrant code * Up to 1024 Bytes Data EEPROM * Up to 64 Kbytes Linear Program Memory Addressing * Up to 3896 Bytes Linear Data Memory Addressing * Up to 16 MIPS Operation * 16-bit Wide Instructions, 8-bit Wide Data Path * Priority Levels for Interrupts * 31-Level, Software Accessible Hardware Stack * 8 x 8 Single-Cycle Hardware Multiplier Extreme Low-Power Management with nanoWatt XLP: * * * * Sleep mode: 20 nA, typical Watchdog Timer: 300 nA, typical Timer1 Oscillator: 800 nA @ 32 kHz Peripheral Module Disable Special Microcontroller Features: * * * * Full 5.5V Operation - PIC18FXXK22 devices 1.8V to 3.6V Operation - PIC18LFXXK22 devices Self-Programmable under Software Control High/Low-Voltage Detection (HLVD) module: - Programmable 16-Level - Interrupt on High/Low-Voltage Detection Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR): - With software enable option - Configurable shutdown in Sleep Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT): - Programmable period from 4 ms to 131s In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM): - Single-Supply 3V In-Circuit Debug (ICD) Flexible Oscillator Structure: * Precision 16 MHz Internal Oscillator Block: - Factory calibrated to 1% - Selectable frequencies, 31 kHz to 16 MHz - 64 MHz performance available using PLL - no external components required * Four Crystal modes up to 64 MHz * Two External Clock modes up to 64 MHz * 4X Phase Lock Loop (PLL) * Secondary Oscillator using Timer1 @ 32 kHz * Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: - Allows for safe shutdown if peripheral clock stops - Two-Speed Oscillator Start-up * * * * Peripheral Highlights: * Up to 35 I/O Pins plus 1 Input-Only Pin: - High-Current Sink/Source 25 mA/25 mA - Three programmable external interrupts - Four programmable interrupt-on-change - Nine programmable weak pull-ups - Programmable slew rate * SR Latch: - Multiple Set/Reset input options * Two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules * Three Enhanced CCP (ECCP) modules: - One, two or four PWM outputs - Selectable polarity - Programmable dead time - Auto-Shutdown and Auto-Restart - PWM steering * Two Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) modules: - 3-wire SPI (supports all 4 modes) - I2CTM Master and Slave modes with address mask Analog Features: * Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) module: - 10-bit resolution, up to 30 external channels - Auto-acquisition capability - Conversion available during Sleep - Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) channel - Independent input multiplexing * Analog Comparator module: - Two rail-to-rail analog comparators - Independent input multiplexing * Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) module: - Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) with 1.024V, 2.048V and 4.096V output levels - 5-bit rail-to-rail resistive DAC with positive and negative reference selection * Charge Time Measurement Unit (CTMU) module: - Supports capacitive touch sensing for touch screens and capacitive switches 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 3 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 * Two Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) modules: - Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN - RS-232 operation using internal oscillator - Auto-Wake-up on Break - Auto-Baud Detect Program Memory # Single-Word Instructions Flash (Bytes) Device 10-bit A/D Channels(2) Data Memory I/O(1) EEPROM (Bytes) MSSP ECCP (Half-Bridge) ECCP (Full-Bridge) 16-bit Timer 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Comparator 8-bit Timer 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BOR/LVD Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SR Latch Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y EUSART CTMU Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y CCP SRAM (Bytes) PIC18(L)F23K22 PIC18(L)F24K22 PIC18(L)F25K22 PIC18(L)F26K22 PIC18(L)F43K22 PIC18(L)F44K22 PIC18(L)F45K22 PIC18(L)F46K22 Note 1: 2: 8K 16K 32K 64k 8K 16K 32K 64k 4096 8192 16384 32768 4096 8192 16384 32768 512 768 1536 3896 512 768 1536 3896 256 256 256 1024 256 256 256 1024 25 25 25 25 36 36 36 36 19 19 19 19 30 30 30 30 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 I2CTM 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 SPI 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 One pin is input only. Channel count includes internal FVR and DAC channels. DS41412B-page 4 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Pin Diagrams 28-pin PDIP, SOIC, SSOP MCLR/VPP/RE3 RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 RA4 RA5 VSS RA7 RA6 RC0 RC1 RC2 RC3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 VDD VSS RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RA2 RA3 RA4 RA5/ VSS RA7 RA6 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 1 2 3 4 PIC18(L)F2XK22 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 RA1 RA0 MCLR/VPP/RE3 RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 28-pin QFN, UQFN(1) PIC18(L)F2XK22 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 VDD VSS RC7 Note 1: The 28-pin UQFN package is available only for PIC18(L)F23K22 and PIC18(L)F24K22. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. RC0 RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 Preliminary DS41412B-page 5 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Pin Diagrams 40-pin PDIP MCLR/VPP/RE3 RA0 RA1 RA2/ RA3 RA4 RA5 RE0 RE1 RE2/ VDD VSS RA7 RA6 RC0 RC1 RC2 RC3 RD0 RD1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 RB7 RB6/ RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 VDD VSS RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RD3 RD2 DS41412B-page 6 Preliminary PIC18(L)F4XK22 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Pin Diagrams (Cont.'d) 44-pin TQFP RC6/TX1/CK1 RC5/SDO1 RC4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 RC3 RC2 RC1 NC 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 RC7 RD4 RD5 RD6 RD7 VSS VDD RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 1 2 3 4 5 6 PIC18(L)F4XK22 7 8 9 10 11 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 NC RC0 RA6 RA7 VSS VDD RE2 RE1 RE0 RA5 RA4 44-pin QFN RC6 RC5 RC4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 RC7 RD4 RD5 RD6 RD7 VSS VDD VDD RB0 RB1 RB2 1 2 3 4 5 6 PIC18(L)F4XK22 7 8 9 10 11 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 NC NC RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7 MCLR/VPP/RE3 RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. RB3 NC RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7 MCLR/VPP/RE3 RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 RA6 RA7 VSS VSS VDD VDD RE2 RE1 RE0 RA5 RA4 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 Preliminary DS41412B-page 7 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1: 28-SSOP, SOIC 28-SPDIP 28-QFN, UQFN PIC18(L)F2XK22 PIN SUMMARY Comparator Reference Interrupts SR Latch EUSART (E)CCP Analog Pull-up Timers CTMU MSSP Basic OSC2/ CLKO OSC1/ CLKI AN12 AN10 AN8 AN9 AN11 AN13 C12IN2C12IN3CTED1 CTED2 SRI CCP4 FLT0 P1C P1B CCP2/ P2A(1) P1D CCP3/ P3A(4) P2B(3) TX2/CK2 RX2/DT2 P2B(3) SOSCO/ T1CKI T3CKI(2) T3G SOSCI T5CKI SCK1/ SCL1 SDI1/ SDA1 SDO1 CCP3/ P3A(4) P3B TX1/CK1 RX1/DT1 MCLR/ VPP VSS VSS VDD SS2 SCK2/ SCL2 SDI2/ SDA SDO2 T5G T1G T3CKI(2) IOC IOC INT0 INT1 INT2 Y Y Y Y Y Y PGC PGD 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 9 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 7 6 18 19 20 21 22 23 RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 RA4 RA5 RA6 RA7 RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 I/O AN0 AN1 AN2 AN3 AN4 C12IN0C12IN1C2IN+ C1IN+ C1OUT C2OUT SRQ SRNQ HLVDIN VREF-/ DACOUT VREF+ CCP5 SS1 T0CKI 27 28 11 24 25 8 RB6 RB7 RC0 IOC IOC Y Y 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 8 19 20 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 26 5 16 17 RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RE3 AN14 AN15 AN16 AN17 AN18 AN19 CTPLS CCP2/ P2A(1) CCP1/ P1A Note 1: 2: 3: 4: CCP2/P2A multiplexed in fuses. T3CKI multiplexed in fuses. P2B multiplexed in fuses. CCP3/P3A multiplexed in fuses. DS41412B-page 8 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 2: 44-TQFP 40-PDIP 44-QFN PIC18(L)F4XK22 PIN SUMMARY Comparator Reference Interrupts SR Latch EUSART (E)CCP Pull-up Y Y Y Y T5G CCP3/ P3A(4) T1G T3CKI(2) IOC IOC IOC IOC P2B(5) SOSCO/ T1CKI T3CKI(2) T3G SOSCI T5CKI SCK1/ SCL1 SDI1/ SDA1 SDO1 TX1/ CK1 RX1/ DT1 SCK2/ SCL2 CCP4 P2B(5) P2C P2D P1B P1C P1D CCP3/ P3A(4) TX2 CK2 RX2/ DT2 SS2 SD02 SDI2/ SDA2 Y Y Y Y PGC PGD Analog Timers CTMU MSSP Basic OSC2/ CLKO OSC1/ CLKI AN12 AN10 AN8 AN9 AN11 AN13 C12IN2C12IN3CTED1 CTED2 CCP2/ P2A(1) SRI FLT0 INT0 INT1 INT2 I/O RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 RA4 RA5 RA6 RA7 RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7 RC0 AN4 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 31 30 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 32 19 20 21 22 23 24 33 32 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 34 AN0 AN1 AN2 AN3 C12IN0C12IN1C2IN+ C1IN+ C1OUT C2OUT SRQ SRNQ HLVDIN SS1 VREFDACOUT VREF+ T0CKI 16 17 18 23 24 25 26 19 20 21 22 27 28 29 30 8 35 36 37 42 43 44 1 38 39 40 41 2 3 4 5 25 35 36 37 42 43 44 1 38 39 40 41 2 3 4 5 25 RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RD0 RD1 RD2 RD3 RD4 RD5 RD6 RD7 RE0 AN14 AN15 AN16 AN17 AN18 AN19 AN20 AN21 AN22 AN23 AN24 AN25 AN26 AN27 AN5 CTPLS CCP2(1) P2A CCP1/ P1A Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: CCP2 multiplexed in fuses. T3CKI multiplexed in fuses. Pins are enabled on -ICE derivative only, otherwise they are No Connects. CCP3/P3A multiplexed in fuses. P2B multiplexed in fuses. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 9 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 2: 44-TQFP 40-PDIP 44-QFN PIC18(L)F4XK22 PIN SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Comparator Reference Interrupts SR Latch EUSART (E)CCP Pull-up Y Analog Timers CTMU MSSP Basic MCLR/ VPP VDD VDD VSS VSS I/O RE1 RE2 RE3 9 10 1 11 32 12 31 26 27 18 7 28 6 29 12(3) 13 (3) 26 27 18 7,8 28, 29 6 30, 31 AN6 AN7 P3B CCP5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13 NC 33(3) 34 Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: CCP2 multiplexed in fuses. T3CKI multiplexed in fuses. Pins are enabled on -ICE derivative only, otherwise they are No Connects. CCP3/P3A multiplexed in fuses. P2B multiplexed in fuses. DS41412B-page 10 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Table of Contents 1.0 Device Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.0 Oscillator Module (With Fail-Safe Clock Monitor)...................................................................................................................... 27 3.0 Power-Managed Modes ............................................................................................................................................................ 47 4.0 Reset ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 5.0 Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................ 69 6.0 Flash Program Memory............................................................................................................................................................. 95 7.0 Data EEPROM Memory .......................................................................................................................................................... 105 8.0 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier......................................................................................................................................................... 111 9.0 Interrupts ................................................................................................................................................................................. 113 10.0 I/O Ports .................................................................................................................................................................................. 133 11.0 Timer0 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................ 157 12.0 Timer1/3/5 Module with Gate Control...................................................................................................................................... 161 13.0 Timer2/4/6 Module .................................................................................................................................................................. 173 14.0 Capture/Compare/PWM Modules ........................................................................................................................................... 177 15.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP1 and MSSP2) Module ............................................................................................. 207 16.0 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) .............................................................. 263 17.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module ............................................................................................................................. 291 18.0 Comparator Module................................................................................................................................................................. 305 19.0 Charge Time Measurement Unit (CTMU) ............................................................................................................................... 317 20.0 SR Latch.................................................................................................................................................................................. 333 21.0 Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) .............................................................................................................................................. 337 22.0 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) .......................................................................................................................................... 339 23.0 High/Low-Voltage Detect (HLVD)............................................................................................................................................ 343 24.0 Special Features of the CPU................................................................................................................................................... 349 25.0 Instruction Set Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 367 26.0 Development Support.............................................................................................................................................................. 417 27.0 Electrical Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................................... 421 28.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables...................................................................................................................... 461 29.0 Packaging Information............................................................................................................................................................. 463 Appendix A: Revision History............................................................................................................................................................ 477 Appendix B: Device Differences ....................................................................................................................................................... 478 Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 479 The Microchip Web Site .................................................................................................................................................................... 489 Customer Change Notification Service ............................................................................................................................................. 489 Customer Support ............................................................................................................................................................................. 489 Reader Response ............................................................................................................................................................................. 490 Product Identification System ........................................................................................................................................................... 491 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 11 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip products. To this end, we will continue to improve our publications to better suit your needs. Our publications will be refined and enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced. If you have any questions or comments regarding this publication, please contact the Marketing Communications Department via E-mail at docerrors@mail.microchip.com or fax the Reader Response Form in the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150. We welcome your feedback. Most Current Data Sheet To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at: http://www.microchip.com You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page. The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000). Errata An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current devices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision of silicon and revision of document to which it applies. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following: * Microchip's Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com * Your local Microchip sales office (see last page) * The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are using. Customer Notification System Register on our web site at www.microchip.com/cn to receive the most current information on all of our products. DS41412B-page 12 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW 1.1.2 This document contains device specific information for the following devices: * PIC18F23K22 * PIC18F24K22 * PIC18F25K22 * PIC18F26K22 * PIC18F43K22 * PIC18F44K22 * PIC18F45K22 * PIC18F46K22 * PIC18LF23K22 * PIC18LF24K22 * PIC18LF25K22 * PIC18LF26K22 * PIC18LF43K22 * PIC18LF44K22 * PIC18LF45K22 * PIC18LF46K22 MULTIPLE OSCILLATOR OPTIONS AND FEATURES All of the devices in the PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family offer ten different oscillator options, allowing users a wide range of choices in developing application hardware. These include: * Four Crystal modes, using crystals or ceramic resonators * Two External Clock modes, offering the option of using two pins (oscillator input and a divide-by-4 clock output) or one pin (oscillator input, with the second pin reassigned as general I/O) * Two External RC Oscillator modes with the same pin options as the External Clock modes * An internal oscillator block which contains a 16 MHz HFINTOSC oscillator and a 31 kHz LFINTOSC oscillator, which together provide 8 user selectable clock frequencies, from 31 kHz to 16 MHz. This option frees the two oscillator pins for use as additional general purpose I/O. * A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency multiplier, available to both external and internal oscillator modes, which allows clock speeds of up to 64 MHz. Used with the internal oscillator, the PLL gives users a complete selection of clock speeds, from 31 kHz to 64 MHz - all without using an external crystal or clock circuit. Besides its availability as a clock source, the internal oscillator block provides a stable reference source that gives the family additional features for robust operation: * Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option constantly monitors the main clock source against a reference signal provided by the LFINTOSC. If a clock failure occurs, the controller is switched to the internal oscillator block, allowing for continued operation or a safe application shutdown. * Two-Speed Start-up: This option allows the internal oscillator to serve as the clock source from Power-on Reset, or wake-up from Sleep mode, until the primary clock source is available. This family offers the advantages of all PIC18 microcontrollers - namely, high computational performance at an economical price - with the addition of high-endurance, Flash program memory. On top of these features, the PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family introduces design enhancements that make these microcontrollers a logical choice for many highperformance, power sensitive applications. 1.1 1.1.1 New Core Features nanoWatt TECHNOLOGY All of the devices in the PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family incorporate a range of features that can significantly reduce power consumption during operation. Key items include: * Alternate Run Modes: By clocking the controller from the Timer1 source or the internal oscillator block, power consumption during code execution can be reduced by as much as 90%. * Multiple Idle Modes: The controller can also run with its CPU core disabled but the peripherals still active. In these states, power consumption can be reduced even further, to as little as 4% of normal operation requirements. * On-the-fly Mode Switching: The powermanaged modes are invoked by user code during operation, allowing the user to incorporate powersaving ideas into their application's software design. * Low Consumption in Key Modules: The power requirements for both Timer1 and the Watchdog Timer are minimized. See Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for values. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 13 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 1.2 Other Special Features 1.3 * Memory Endurance: The Flash cells for both program memory and data EEPROM are rated to last for many thousands of erase/write cycles - up to 10K for program memory and 100K for EEPROM. Data retention without refresh is conservatively estimated to be greater than 40 years. * Self-programmability: These devices can write to their own program memory spaces under internal software control. By using a bootloader routine located in the protected Boot Block at the top of program memory, it becomes possible to create an application that can update itself in the field. * Extended Instruction Set: The PIC18(L)F2X/ 4XK22 family introduces an optional extension to the PIC18 instruction set, which adds 8 new instructions and an Indexed Addressing mode. This extension, enabled as a device configuration option, has been specifically designed to optimize re-entrant application code originally developed in high-level languages, such as C. * Enhanced CCP module: In PWM mode, this module provides 1, 2 or 4 modulated outputs for controlling half-bridge and full-bridge drivers. Other features include: - Auto-Shutdown, for disabling PWM outputs on interrupt or other select conditions - Auto-Restart, to reactivate outputs once the condition has cleared - Output steering to selectively enable one or more of 4 outputs to provide the PWM signal. * Enhanced Addressable EUSART: This serial communication module is capable of standard RS-232 operation and provides support for the LIN bus protocol. Other enhancements include automatic baud rate detection and a 16-bit Baud Rate Generator for improved resolution. When the microcontroller is using the internal oscillator block, the EUSART provides stable operation for applications that talk to the outside world without using an external crystal (or its accompanying power requirement). * 10-bit A/D Converter: This module incorporates programmable acquisition time, allowing for a channel to be selected and a conversion to be initiated without waiting for a sampling period and thus, reduce code overhead. * Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT): This enhanced version incorporates a 16-bit postscaler, allowing an extended time-out range that is stable across operating voltage and temperature. See Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for time-out periods. * Charge Time Measurement Unit (CTMU) * SR Latch Output: Details on Individual Family Members Devices in the PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family are available in 28-pin and 40/44-pin packages. The block diagram for the device family is shown in Figure 1-1. The devices have the following differences: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Flash program memory Data Memory SRAM Data Memory EEPROM A/D channels I/O ports ECCP modules (Full/Half Bridge) Input Voltage Range/Power Consumption All other features for devices in this family are identical. These are summarized in Table 1-1. The pinouts for all devices are listed in the pin summary tables: Table 1 and Table 2, and I/O description tables: Table 1-2 and Table 1-3. DS41412B-page 14 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Features 8192 4096 512 256 A, B, C, E(1) A, B, C, D, E 2 1 2 2 internal 28 input 40-pin PDIP 44-pin QFN 44-pin TQFP 2 internal 28 input 40-pin PDIP 44-pin QFN 44-pin TQFP 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 internal 28 input 40-pin PDIP 44-pin QFN 44-pin TQFP A, B, C, D, E 2 2 1 2 internal 17 input 28-pin PDIP 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SSOP 28-pin QFN 28-pin UQFN 33 4 2 MSSP, 2 EUSART Yes Yes Yes Yes POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Overflow, Stack Underflow (PWRT, OST), MCLR, WDT 75 Instructions; 83 with Extended Instruction Set enabled DC - 64 MHz 28-pin PDIP 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SSOP 28-pin QFN 28-pin UQFN 28-pin PDIP 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SSOP 28-pin QFN 28-pin PDIP 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SSOP 28-pin QFN 2 internal 17 input 2 internal 17 input 2 internal 17 input 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 A, B, C, E(1) A, B, C, E(1) A, B, C, E(1) A, B, C, D, E 256 256 1024 256 256 256 768 1536 3896 512 768 1536 8192 16384 32768 4096 8192 16384 16384 32768 65536 8192 16384 32768 65536 32768 3896 1024 A, B, C, D, E 2 1 2 2 internal 28 input 40-pin PDIP 44-pin QFN 44-pin TQFP PIC18F23K22 PIC18LF23K22 PIC18F24K22 PIC18LF24K22 PIC18F25K22 PIC18LF25K22 PIC18F26K22 PIC18LF26K22 PIC18F43K22 PIC18LF43K22 PIC18F44K22 PIC18LF44K22 PIC18F45K22 PIC18LF45K22 PIC18F46K22 PIC18LF46K22 TABLE 1-1: Program Memory (Bytes) Program Memory (Instructions) Data Memory (Bytes) Data EEPROM Memory (Bytes) I/O Ports 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Capture/Compare/PWM Modules (CCP) Enhanced CCP Modules (ECCP) - Half Bridge DEVICE FEATURES Enhanced CCP Modules (ECCP) - Full Bridge 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module (ADC) Packages Interrupt Sources Timers (16-bit) Preliminary Serial Communications SR Latch Charge Time Measurement Unit Module (CTMU) Programmable High/Low-Voltage Detect (HLVD) Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR) Resets (and Delays) Instruction Set Operating Frequency PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 15 Note 1: PORTE contains the single RE3 read-only bit. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 1-1: Table Pointer<21> inc/dec logic 21 20 8 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FAMILY BLOCK DIAGRAM Data Bus<8> 8 Data Latch Data Memory PCLATU PCLATH Address Latch PCU PCH PCL Program Counter 31-Level Stack 12 Data Address<12> 4 BSR 12 FSR0 FSR1 FSR2 inc/dec logic 4 Access Bank 12 PORTB RB0:RB7 PORTA RA0:RA7 Address Latch Program Memory (8/16/32/64 Kbytes) Data Latch 8 STKPTR Table Latch Instruction Bus <16> ROM Latch Address Decode PORTC RC0:RC7 IR 8 Instruction Decode and Control State machine control signals PRODH PRODL PORTD 3 BITOP 8 8 x 8 Multiply 8 W 8 8 ALU<8> 8 8 8 PORTE RE0:RE2 RE3(1) RD0:RD7 OSC1(2) OSC2 (2) Internal Oscillator Block LFINTOSC Oscillator 16 MHz Oscillator Single-Supply Programming In-Circuit Debugger Power-up Timer Oscillator Start-up Timer Power-on Reset Watchdog Timer Brown-out Reset Fail-Safe Clock Monitor SOSCI SOSCO MCLR(1) Precision Band Gap Reference FVR BOR HLVD Data EEPROM Timer0 Timer1 Timer3 Timer5 Timer2 Timer4 Timer6 CTMU DAC FVR DAC Comparators C1/C2 ECCP1 ECCP2(3) ECCP3 CCP4 CCP5 MSSP1 MSSP2 EUSART1 EUSART2 SR Latch ADC 10-bit FVR Note 1: 2: 3: RE3 is only available when MCLR functionality is disabled. OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT are only available in select oscillator modes and when these pins are not being used as digital I/O. Refer to Section 2.0 "Oscillator Module (With Fail-Safe Clock Monitor)" for additional information. Full-Bridge operation for PIC18(L)F4XK22, Half-Bridge operation for PIC18(L)F2XK22. DS41412B-page 16 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-2: Pin Number PDIP, SOIC 2 QFN 27 Pin Name RA0/C12IN0-/AN0 RA0 C12IN0AN0 3 28 RA1/C12IN1-/AN1 RA1 C12IN1AN1 4 1 RA2/C2IN+/AN2/DACOUT/VREFRA2 C2IN+ AN2 DACOUT VREF5 2 RA3/C1IN+/AN3/VREF+ RA3 C1IN+ AN3 VREF+ 6 3 RA4/CCP5/C1OUT/SRQ/T0CKI RA4 CCP5 C1OUT SRQ T0CKI 7 4 RA5/C2OUT/SRNQ/SS1/HLVDIN/AN4 RA5 C2OUT SRNQ SS1 HLVDIN AN4 10 7 RA6/CLKO/OSC2 RA6 CLKO I/O O TTL Digital I/O. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate. Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode. I/O O O I I I TTL CMOS TTL TTL Analog Analog Digital I/O. Comparator C2 output. SR Latch Q output. SPI slave select input (MSSP1). High/Low-Voltage Detect input. Analog input 4. I/O I/O O O I TTL ST CMOS TTL ST Digital I/O. Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM 5 output. Comparator C1 output. SR Latch Q output. Timer0 external clock input. I/O I I I TTL Analog Analog Analog Digital I/O. Comparator C1 non-inverting input. Analog input 3. A/D reference voltage (high) input. I/O I I O I TTL Analog Analog Analog Analog Digital I/O. Comparator C2 non-inverting input. Analog input 2. DAC Reference output. A/D reference voltage (low) input. I/O I I TTL Analog Analog Digital I/O. Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 1. I/O I I TTL Analog Analog Digital I/O. Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 0. PIC18(L)F2XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS Pin Type Buffer Type Description OSC2 Legend: Note 1: 2: O TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 17 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-2: Pin Number PDIP, SOIC 9 QFN 6 Pin Name RA7/CLKI/OSC1 RA7 CLKI OSC1 I/O I I TTL CMOS ST Digital I/O. External clock source input. Always associated with pin function OSC1. Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS otherwise. Digital I/O. External interrupt 0. Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output. PWM Fault input for ECCP Auto-Shutdown. SR Latch input. SPI slave select input (MSSP2). Analog input 12. Digital I/O. External interrupt 1. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode (MSSP2). Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2CTM mode (MSSP2). Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 10. Digital I/O. External interrupt 2. CTMU Edge 1 input. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. SPI data in (MSSP2). I2CTM data I/O (MSSP2). Analog input 8. Digital I/O. CTMU Edge 2 input. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output. SPI data out (MSSP2). Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 9. PIC18(L)F2XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Type Buffer Type Description 21 18 RB0/INT0/CCP4/FLT0/SRI/SS2/AN12 RB0 INT0 CCP4 FLT0 SRI SS2 AN12 I/O I I/O I I I I I/O I O I/O I/O I I I/O I I O I I/O I I/O I O I/O O I I TTL ST ST ST ST TTL Analog TTL ST CMOS ST ST Analog Analog TTL ST ST CMOS ST ST Analog TTL ST CMOS ST -- Analog Analog 22 19 RB1/INT1/P1C/SCK2/SCL2/C12IN3-/AN10 RB1 INT1 P1C SCK2 SCL2 C12IN3AN10 23 20 RB2/INT2/CTED1/P1B/SDI2/SDA2/AN8 RB2 INT2 CTED1 P1B SDI2 SDA2 AN8 24 21 RB3/CTED2/P2A/CCP2/SDO2/C12IN2-/AN9 RB3 CTED2 P2A CCP2(2) SDO2 C12IN2AN9 Legend: Note 1: 2: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. DS41412B-page 18 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-2: Pin Number PDIP, SOIC 25 QFN 22 Pin Name RB4/IOC0/P1D/T5G/AN11 RB4 IOC0 P1D T5G AN11 26 23 RB5 IOC1 P2B(1) P3A(1) CCP3(1) T3CKI(2) T1G AN13 27 24 RB6/IOC2/TX2/CK2/PGC RB6 IOC2 TX2 CK2 PGC 28 25 RB7/IOC3/RX2/DT2/PGD RB7 IOC3 RX2 DT2 PGD 11 8 RC0/P2B/T3CKI/T3G/T1CKI/SOSCO RC0 P2B(2) T3CKI(1) T3G T1CKI SOSCO 12 9 RC1/P2A/CCP2/SOSCI RC1 P2A CCP2(1) SOSCI Legend: Note 1: 2: I/O O I/O I TTL CMOS ST Analog Digital I/O. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output. Secondary oscillator input. I/O O I I I O TTL CMOS ST ST ST -- Digital I/O. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Timer3 clock input. Timer3 external clock gate input. Timer1 clock input. Secondary oscillator output. I/O I I I/O I/O TTL TTL ST ST ST Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. EUSART 2 asynchronous receive. EUSART 2 synchronous data (see related TXx/CKx). In-Circuit Debugger and ICSPTM programming data pin. I/O I O I/O I/O TTL TTL -- ST ST Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. EUSART 2 asynchronous transmit. EUSART 2 synchronous clock (see related RXx/DTx). In-Circuit Debugger and ICSPTM programming clock pin. I/O I O I I I/O I O O I/O I I I TTL TTL CMOS ST Analog TTL TTL CMOS CMOS ST ST ST Analog Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Timer5 external clock gate input. Analog input 11. Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output. Timer3 clock input. Timer1 external clock gate input. Analog input 13. PIC18(L)F2XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Type Buffer Type Description RB5/IOC1/P2B/P3A/CCP3/T3CKI/T1G/AN13 TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 19 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-2: Pin Number PDIP, SOIC 13 QFN 10 Pin Name RC2/CTPLS/P1A/CCP1/T5CKI/AN14 RC2 CTPLS P1A CCP1 T5CKI AN14 14 11 RC3/SCK1/SCL1/AN15 RC3 SCK1 SCL1 AN15 15 12 RC4/SDI1/SDA1/AN16 RC4 SDI1 SDA1 AN16 16 13 RC5/SDO1/AN17 RC5 SDO1 AN17 17 14 RC6/P3A/CCP3/TX1/CK1/AN18 RC6 P3A(2) CCP3 (2) PIC18(L)F2XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Type Buffer Type Description I/O O O I/O I I I/O I/O I/O I I/O I I/O I I/O O I I/O O I/O O I/O I I/O O I I/O I I P I TTL -- CMOS ST ST Analog TTL ST ST Analog TTL ST ST Analog TTL -- Analog TTL CMOS ST -- ST Analog TTL CMOS ST ST Analog ST ST Digital I/O. CTMU pulse generator output. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output. Timer5 clock input. Analog input 14. Digital I/O. Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode (MSSP2). Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2CTM mode (MSSP2). Analog input 15. Digital I/O. SPI data in (MSSP1). I2CTM data I/O (MSSP1). Analog input 16. Digital I/O. SPI data out (MSSP1). Analog input 17. Digital I/O. Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output. EUSART 1 asynchronous transmit. EUSART 1 synchronous clock (see related RXx/DTx). Analog input 18. Digital I/O. Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. EUSART 1 asynchronous receive. EUSART 1 synchronous data (see related TXx/CKx). Analog input 19. Digital input. Programming voltage input. Active-Low Master Clear (device Reset) input. TX1 CK1 AN18 18 15 RC7/P3B/RX1/DT1/AN19 RC7 P3B RX1 DT1 AN19 1 26 RE3/VPP/MCLR RE3 VPP MCLR Legend: Note 1: 2: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. DS41412B-page 20 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-2: Pin Number PDIP, SOIC 20 8, 19 Legend: Note 1: 2: QFN 17 5, 16 Pin Name VDD VSS PIC18(L)F2XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Type P P Buffer Type -- -- Description Positive supply for logic and I/O pins. Ground reference for logic and I/O pins. TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. TABLE 1-3: Pin Number PDIP 2 TQFP 19 PIC18(L)F4XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS QFN 19 Pin Name RA0/C12IN0-/AN0 RA0 C12IN0AN0 I/O I I I/O I I I/O I I O I I/O I I I I/O O O I TTL Digital I/O. Analog Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog Analog input 0. TTL Digital I/O. Pin Type Buffer Type Description 3 20 20 RA1/C12IN1-/AN1 RA1 C12IN1AN1 Analog Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog Analog input 1. TTL Digital I/O. 4 21 21 RA2/C2IN+/AN2/DACOUT/VREFRA2 C2IN+ AN2 DACOUT VREFAnalog Comparator C2 non-inverting input. Analog Analog input 2. Analog DAC Reference output. Analog A/D reference voltage (low) input. TTL Digital I/O. 5 22 22 RA3/C1IN+/AN3/VREF+ RA3 C1IN+ AN3 VREF+ Analog Comparator C1 non-inverting input. Analog Analog input 3. Analog A/D reference voltage (high) input. TTL TTL ST Digital I/O. SR Latch Q output. Timer0 external clock input. 6 23 23 RA4/C1OUT/SRQ/T0CKI RA4 C1OUT SRQ T0CKI CMOS Comparator C1 output. Legend: Note 1: 2: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 21 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-3: Pin Number PDIP 7 TQFP 24 QFN 24 PIC18(L)F4XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Name Pin Type Buffer Type Description RA5/C2OUT/SRNQ/SS1/HLVDIN/AN4 RA5 C2OUT SRNQ SS1 HLVDIN AN4 I/O O O I I I I/O O TTL TTL TTL Digital I/O. SR Latch Q output. SPI slave select input (MSSP1). CMOS Comparator C2 output. Analog High/Low-Voltage Detect input. Analog Analog input 4. TTL -- Digital I/O. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate. Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode. Digital I/O. 14 31 33 RA6/CLKO/OSC2 RA6 CLKO OSC2 13 30 32 RA7/CLKI/OSC1 RA7 CLKI OSC1 O -- I/O I I TTL CMOS External clock source input. Always associated with pin function OSC1. ST Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS otherwise. Digital I/O. External interrupt 0. PWM Fault input for ECCP Auto-Shutdown. SR Latch input. 33 8 9 RB0/INT0/FLT0/SRI/AN12 RB0 INT0 FLT0 SRI AN12 I/O I I I I I/O I I I I/O I I I I/O I O I/O I I TTL ST ST ST Analog Analog input 12. TTL ST Digital I/O. External interrupt 1. 34 9 10 RB1/INT1/C12IN3-/AN10 RB1 INT1 C12IN3AN10 Analog Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog Analog input 10. TTL ST ST Digital I/O. External interrupt 2. CTMU Edge 1 input. 35 10 11 RB2/INT2/CTED1/AN8 RB2 INT2 CTED1 AN8 Analog Analog input 8. TTL ST ST Digital I/O. CTMU Edge 2 input. Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output. 36 11 12 RB3/CTED2/P2A/CCP2/C12IN2-/AN9 RB3 CTED2 P2A(2) CCP2(2) C12IN2AN9 CMOS Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Analog Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog Analog input 9. Legend: Note 1: 2: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. DS41412B-page 22 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-3: Pin Number PDIP 37 TQFP 14 QFN 14 PIC18(L)F4XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Name RB4/IOC0/T5G/AN11 RB4 IOC0 T5G AN11 I/O I I I I/O I O I/O I I I I/O I I/O TTL TTL ST Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. Timer5 external clock gate input. Pin Type Buffer Type Description Analog Analog input 11. TTL TTL ST ST ST Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output. Timer3 clock input. Timer1 external clock gate input. 38 15 15 RB5/IOC1/P3A/CCP3/T3CKI/T1G/AN13 RB5 IOC1 P3A(1) CCP3(1) T3CKI (2) CMOS Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. T1G AN13 39 16 16 RB6/IOC2/PGC RB6 IOC2 PGC 40 17 17 RB7/IOC3/PGD RB7 IOC3 PGD 15 32 34 RC0/P2B/T3CKI/T3G/T1CKI/SOSCO RC0 P2B(2) T3CKI(1) T3G T1CKI SOSCO 16 35 35 RC1/P2A/CCP2/SOSCI RC1 P2A(1) CCP2(1) SOSCI 17 36 36 RC2/CTPLS/P1A/CCP1/T5CKI/AN14 RC2 CTPLS P1A CCP1 T5CKI AN14 Legend: Note 1: 2: Analog Analog input 13. TTL TTL ST Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. In-Circuit Debugger and ICSPTM programming clock pin. Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin. In-Circuit Debugger and ICSPTM programming data pin. Digital I/O. Timer3 clock input. Timer3 external clock gate input. Timer1 clock input. Secondary oscillator output. Digital I/O. Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output. I/O I I/O TTL TTL ST I/O O I I I O I/O O I/O I I/O O O I/O I I TTL ST ST ST -- TTL ST CMOS Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. CMOS Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Analog Secondary oscillator input. TTL -- ST ST Digital I/O. CTMU pulse generator output. Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output. Timer5 clock input. CMOS Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Analog Analog input 14. TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 23 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-3: Pin Number PDIP 18 TQFP 37 QFN 37 PIC18(L)F4XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Name RC3/SCK1/SCL1/AN15 RC3 SCK1 SCL1 AN15 I/O I/O I/O I I/O I I/O I I/O O I I/O O I/O I I/O I I/O I I/O I/O I/O I I/O I/O I I/O I TTL ST ST Digital I/O. Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode (MSSP2). Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2CTM mode (MSSP2). Pin Type Buffer Type Description Analog Analog input 15. TTL ST ST Digital I/O. SPI data in (MSSP1). I2CTM data I/O (MSSP1). 23 42 42 RC4/SDI1/SDA1/AN16 RC4 SDI1 SDA1 AN16 Analog Analog input 16. TTL -- Digital I/O. SPI data out (MSSP1). 24 43 43 RC5/SDO1/AN17 RC5 SDO1 AN17 Analog Analog input 17. TTL -- ST Digital I/O. EUSART 1 asynchronous transmit. EUSART 1 synchronous clock (see related RXx/ DTx). 25 44 44 RC6/TX1/CK1/AN18 RC6 TX1 CK1 AN18 Analog Analog input 18. TTL ST ST Digital I/O. EUSART 1 asynchronous receive. EUSART 1 synchronous data (see related TXx/ CKx). 26 1 1 RC7/RX1/DT1/AN19 RC7 RX1 DT1 AN19 Analog Analog input 19. TTL ST ST Digital I/O. Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode (MSSP2). Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2CTM mode (MSSP2). 19 38 38 RD0/SCK2/SCL2/AN20 RD0 SCK2 SCL2 AN20 Analog Analog input 20. TTL ST ST ST Digital I/O. Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output. SPI data in (MSSP2). I2CTM data I/O (MSSP2). 20 39 39 RD1/CCP4/SDI2/SDA2/AN21 RD1 CCP4 SDI2 SDA2 AN21 Analog Analog input 21. Legend: Note 1: 2: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. DS41412B-page 24 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-3: Pin Number PDIP 21 TQFP 40 QFN 40 PIC18(L)F4XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Name RD2/P2B/AN22 RD2 P2B(1) AN22 I/O O I I/O O I I I/O O O I I/O O I I/O O O I/O I I/O O I I/O I I/O O I/O I I/O O I TTL Digital I/O CMOS Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Analog Analog input 22. TTL TTL Digital I/O. SPI slave select input (MSSP2). Pin Type Buffer Type Description 22 41 41 RD3/P2C/SS2/AN23 RD3 P2C SS2 AN23 CMOS Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Analog Analog input 23. TTL -- Digital I/O. SPI data out (MSSP2). 27 2 2 RD4/P2D/SDO2/AN24 RD4 P2D SDO2 AN24 CMOS Enhanced CCP2 PWM output. Analog Analog input 24. TTL Digital I/O. 28 3 3 RD5/P1B/AN25 RD5 P1B AN25 CMOS Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Analog Analog input 25. TTL -- ST Digital I/O. EUSART 2 asynchronous transmit. EUSART 2 synchronous clock (see related RXx/ DTx). 29 4 4 RD6/P1C/TX2/CK2/AN26 RD6 P1C TX2 CK2 AN26 CMOS Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Analog Analog input 26. TTL ST ST Digital I/O. EUSART 2 asynchronous receive. EUSART 2 synchronous data (see related TXx/ CKx). 30 5 5 RD7/P1D/RX2/DT2/AN27 RD7 P1D RX2 DT2 AN27 CMOS Enhanced CCP1 PWM output. Analog Analog input 27. TTL ST Digital I/O. Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output. 8 25 25 RE0/P3A/CCP3/AN5 RE0 P3A(2) CCP3(2) AN5 CMOS Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. Analog Analog input 5. TTL Digital I/O. 9 26 26 RE1/P3B/AN6 RE1 P3B AN6 CMOS Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. Analog Analog input 6. Legend: Note 1: 2: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 25 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 1-3: Pin Number PDIP 10 TQFP 27 QFN 27 PIC18(L)F4XK22 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Name RE2/CCP5/AN7 RE2 CCP5 AN7 I/O I/O I I P I P P ST -- -- TTL ST Digital I/O. Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM 5 output Pin Type Buffer Type Description Analog Analog input 7. ST Digital input. Programming voltage input. Active-low Master Clear (device Reset) input. Positive supply for logic and I/O pins. Ground reference for logic and I/O pins. 1 18 18 RE3/VPP/MCLR RE3 VPP MCLR 11,32 12,31 7,28 6,29 12,13, 33,34 7,8, 28,29 6,30,31 13 VDD VSS NC Legend: Note 1: 2: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I = Input; O = Output; P = Power. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3/P3A and CCP2/P2A when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. DS41412B-page 26 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.0 2.1 OSCILLATOR MODULE (WITH FAIL-SAFE CLOCK MONITOR) Overview The HFINTOSC, MFINTOSC and LFINTOSC are factory calibrated high, medium and low-frequency oscillators, respectively, which are used as the internal clock sources. The oscillator module has a wide variety of clock sources and selection features that allow it to be used in a wide range of applications while maximizing performance and minimizing power consumption. Figure 2-1 illustrates a block diagram of the oscillator module. Clock sources can be configured from external oscillators, quartz crystal resonators, ceramic resonators and Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuits. In addition, the system clock source can be configured from one of three internal oscillators, with a choice of speeds selectable via software. Additional clock features include: * Selectable system clock source between external or internal sources via software. * Two-Speed Start-up mode, which minimizes latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution. * Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) designed to detect a failure of the external clock source (LP, XT, HS, EC or RC modes) and switch automatically to the internal oscillator. * Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ensures stability of crystal oscillator sources. The primary clock module can be configured to provide one of six clock sources as the primary clock. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. RC LP XT INTOSC HS EC External Resistor/Capacitor Low-Power Crystal Crystal/Resonator Internal Oscillator High-Speed Crystal/Resonator External Clock The HS and EC oscillator circuits can be optimized for power consumption and oscillator speed using settings in FOSC<3:0>. Additional FOSC<3:0> selections enable RA6 to be used as I/O or CLKO (FOSC/4) for RC, EC and INTOSC Oscillator modes. Primary Clock modes are selectable by the FOSC<3:0> bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. The primary clock operation is further defined by these Configuration and register bits: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. PRICLKEN (CONFIG1H<5>) PRISD (OSCCON2<2>) PLLCFG (CONFIG1H<4>) PLLEN (OSCTUNE<6>) HFOFST (CONFIG3H<3>) IRCF<2:0> (OSCCON<6:4>) MFIOSEL (OSCCON2<4>) INTSRC (OSCTUNE<7>) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 27 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 2-1: Secondary Oscillator(1) SIMPLIFIED OSCILLATOR SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM SOSCO SOSCI Secondary Oscillator (SOSC) SOSCOUT Low-Power Mode Event Switch (SCS<1:0>) 2 Primary Clock Module PRICLKEN PRISD EN OSC2 OSC1 Primary Oscillator(2) ( OSC) FOSC<3:0>(5) Primary Oscillator 0 0 PLL Select (3) (4) Secondary Oscillator 01 Clock Switch MUX 4xPLL Primary Clock 00 INTOSC 1 1 INTOSC Internal Oscillator IRCF<2:0> MFIOSEL INTSRC 3 3 1x HFINTOSC (16 MHz) INTOSC Divide Circuit MFINTOSC (500 kHz) HF-16 MHZ HF-8 MHZ HF-4 MHZ HF-2 MHZ HF-1 MHZ HF-500 kHZ HF-250 kHZ HF-31.25 kHZ Internal Oscillator MUX(3) INTOSC MF-500 kHZ MF-250 kHZ MF-31.25 kHZ LFINTOSC (31.25 kHz) LF-31.25 kHz Note 1: Details in Figure 2-4. 2: Details in Figure 2-2. 3: Details in Figure 2-3. 4: Details in Table 2-1. 5: The Primary Oscillator MUX uses the INTOSC branch when FOSC<3:0> = 100x. DS41412B-page 28 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.2 Oscillator Control 2.2.3 LOW FREQUENCY SELECTION The OSCCON, OSCCON2 and OSCTUNE registers (Register 2-1 to Register 2-3) control several aspects of the device clock's operation, both in full-power operation and in power-managed modes. Main System Clock Selection (SCS) Primary Oscillator Circuit Shutdown (PRISD) Secondary Oscillator Enable (SOSCGO) Primary Clock Frequency 4x multiplier (PLLEN) Internal Frequency selection bits (IRCF, INTSRC) Clock Status bits (OSTS, HFIOFS, MFIOFS, LFIOFS. SOSCRUN, PLLRDY) * Power management selection (IDLEN) * * * * * * When a nominal output frequency of 31.25 kHz is selected (IRCF<2:0> = 000), users may choose which internal oscillator acts as the source. This is done with the INTSRC bit of the OSCTUNE register and MFIOSEL bit of the OSCCON2 register. See Figure 2-2 and Register 2-1 for specific 31.25 kHz selection. This option allows users to select a 31.25 kHz clock (MFINTOSC or HFINTOSC) that can be tuned using the TUN<5:0> bits in OSCTUNE register, while maintaining power savings with a very low clock speed. LFINTOSC always remains the clock source for features such as the Watchdog Timer and the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor, regardless of the setting of INTSRC and MFIOSEL bits This option allows users to select the tunable and more precise HFINTOSC as a clock source, while maintaining power savings with a very low clock speed. 2.2.1 MAIN SYSTEM CLOCK SELECTION The System Clock Select bits, SCS<1:0>, select the main clock source. The available clock sources are * Primary clock defined by the FOSC<3:0> bits of CONFIG1H. The primary clock can be the primary oscillator, an external clock, or the internal oscillator block. * Secondary clock (secondary oscillator) * Internal oscillator block (HFINTOSC, MFINTOSC and LFINTOSC). The clock source changes immediately after one or more of the bits is written to, following a brief clock transition interval. The SCS bits are cleared to select the primary clock on all forms of Reset. 2.2.4 POWER MANAGEMENT The IDLEN bit of the OSCCON register determines whether the device goes into Sleep mode or one of the Idle modes when the SLEEP instruction is executed. 2.2.2 INTERNAL FREQUENCY SELECTION The Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits (IRCF<2:0>) select the frequency output of the internal oscillator block. The choices are the LFINTOSC source (31.25 kHz), the MFINTOSC source (31.25 kHz, 250 kHz or 500 kHz) and the HFINTOSC source (16 MHz) or one of the frequencies derived from the HFINTOSC postscaler (31.25 kHz to 8 MHz). If the internal oscillator block is supplying the main clock, changing the states of these bits will have an immediate change on the internal oscillator's output. On device Resets, the output frequency of the internal oscillator is set to the default frequency of 1 MHz. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 29 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 2-2: INTERNAL OSCILLATOR MUX BLOCK DIAGRAM FIGURE 2-3: PLL SELECT BLOCK DIAGRAM IRCF<2:0> MFIOSEL INTSRC 3 HF-16 MHZ HF-8 MHZ HF-4 MHZ HF-2 MHZ HF-1 MHZ 111 110 101 100 011 FOSC<3:0> = 100x PLLCFG PLL PLLEN Select MF-500 KHZ HF-500 KHZ MF-250 KHZ HF-250 KHZ 1 0 1 0 500 kHZ 010 INTOSC 250 kHZ 001 HF-31.25 KHZ 11 MF-31.25 KHZ 10 LF-31.25 KHZ 0X 31.25 kHZ 000 TABLE 2-1: FOSC (any source) PLL SELECT TRUTH TABLE FOSC<3:0> 0000-1111 0000-0111 1010-1111 1000-1001 PLLCFG 0 1 0 x x PLLEN 0 x 1 0 1 PLL Select 0 1 1 0 1 Primary Clock MUX Source OSC1/OSC2 (external source) INTOSC (internal source) INTOSC (internal source) DS41412B-page 30 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 2-4: SECONDARY OSCILLATOR AND EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUTS SOSCEN SOSCGO T1SOSCEN T3SOSCEN T5SOSCEN To Clock Switch Module SOSCI EN Secondary Oscillator SOSCO T1CKI T3G T3CKI SOSCOUT 1 SOSCEN 0 T1CLK_EXT_SRC T1SOSCEN SOSCEN T3G SOSCEN 1 0 T3CKI T1G T1G 1 T3CMX 1 0 T3CLK_EXT_SRC T3SOSCEN T5CLK_EXT_SRC T5CKI T5G T5G 0 T5SOSCEN 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 31 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 2-1: R/W-0 IDLEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared q = depends on condition x = Bit is unknown OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-1 IRCF<2:0> R/W-1 R-q OSTS(1) R-0 HFIOFS R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 SCS<1:0> IDLEN: Idle Enable bit 1 = Device enters Idle mode on SLEEP instruction 0 = Device enters Sleep mode on SLEEP instruction IRCF<2:0>: Internal RC Oscillator Frequency Select bits(2) 111 = HFINTOSC - (16 MHz) 110 = HFINTOSC/2 - (8 MHz) 101 = HFINTOSC/4 - (4 MHz) 100 = HFINTOSC/8 - (2 MHz) 011 = HFINTOSC/16 - (1 MHz)(3) If INTSRC = 0 and MFIOSEL = 0: 010 = HFINTOSC/32 - (500 kHz) 001 = HFINTOSC/64 - (250 kHz) 000 = LFINTOSC - (31.25 kHz) If INTSRC = 1 and MFIOSEL = 0: 010 = HFINTOSC/32 - (500 kHz) 001 = HFINTOSC/64 - (250 kHz) 000 = HFINTOSC/512 - (31.25 kHz) If INTSRC = 0 and MFIOSEL = 1: 010 = MFINTOSC - (500 kHz) 001 = MFINTOSC/2 - (250 kHz) 000 = LFINTOSC - (31.25 kHz) If INTSRC = 1 and MFIOSEL = 1: 010 = MFINTOSC - (500 kHz) 001 = MFINTOSC/2 - (250 kHz) 000 = MFINTOSC/16 - (31.25 kHz) bit 6-4 bit 3 OSTS: Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status bit 1 = Device is running from the clock defined by FOSC<3:0> of the CONFIG1H register 0 = Device is running from the internal oscillator (HFINTOSC, MFINTOSC or LFINTOSC) HFIOFS: HFINTOSC Frequency Stable bit 1 = HFINTOSC frequency is stable 0 = HFINTOSC frequency is not stable SCS<1:0>: System Clock Select bit 1x = Internal oscillator block 01 = Secondary (SOSC) oscillator 00 = Primary clock (determined by FOSC<3:0> in CONFIG1H). Reset state depends on state of the IESO Configuration bit. INTOSC source may be determined by the INTSRC bit in OSCTUNE and the MFIOSEL bit in OSCCON2. Default output frequency of HFINTOSC on Reset. bit 2 bit 1-0 Note 1: 2: 3: DS41412B-page 32 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 2-2: R-0/0 PLLRDY bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit `1' = Bit is set W = Writable bit `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown q = depends on condition OSCCON2: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER 2 R-0/q U-0 -- R/W-0/0 MFIOSEL R/W-0/u SOSCGO(1) R/W-1/1 PRISD R-x/u MFIOFS R-0/0 LFIOFS bit 0 SOSCRUN -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets bit 7 PLLRDY: PLL Run Status bit 1 = System clock comes from 4xPLL 0 = System clock comes from an oscillator, other than 4xPLL SOSCRUN: SOSC Run Status bit 1 = System clock comes from secondary SOSC 0 = System clock comes from an oscillator, other than SOSC Unimplemented: Read as `0'. MFIOSEL: MFINTOSC Select bit 1 = MFINTOSC is used in place of HFINTOSC frequencies of 500 kHz, 250 kHz and 31.25 kHz 0 = MFINTOSC is not used SOSCGO(1): Secondary Oscillator Start Control bit 1 = Secondary oscillator is enabled. 0 = Secondary oscillator is shut off if no other sources are requesting it. PRISD: Primary Oscillator Drive Circuit Shutdown bit 1 = Oscillator drive circuit on 0 = Oscillator drive circuit off (zero power) MFIOFS: MFINTOSC Frequency Stable bit 1 = MFINTOSC is stable 0 = MFINTOSC is not stable LFIOFS: LFINTOSC Frequency Stable bit 1 = LFINTOSC is stable 0 = LFINTOSC is not stable The SOSCGO bit is only reset on a POR Reset. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 33 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.3 Clock Source Modes 2.4 2.4.1 External Clock Modes OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER (OST) Clock Source modes can be classified as external or internal. * External Clock modes rely on external circuitry for the clock source. Examples are: Clock modules (EC mode), quartz crystal resonators or ceramic resonators (LP, XT and HS modes) and ResistorCapacitor (RC mode) circuits. * Internal clock sources are contained internally within the Oscillator block. The Oscillator block has three internal oscillators: the 16 MHz HighFrequency Internal Oscillator (HFINTOSC), 500 kHz Medium-Frequency Internal Oscillator (MFINTOSC) and the 31.25 kHz Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator (LFINTOSC). The system clock can be selected between external or internal clock sources via the System Clock Select (SCS<1:0>) bits of the OSCCON register. See Section 2.9 "Clock Switching" for additional information. When the oscillator module is configured for LP, XT or HS modes, the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) counts 1024 oscillations from OSC1. This occurs following a Power-on Reset (POR) and when the Power-up Timer (PWRT) has expired (if configured), or a wake-up from Sleep. During this time, the program counter does not increment and program execution is suspended. The OST ensures that the oscillator circuit, using a quartz crystal resonator or ceramic resonator, has started and is providing a stable system clock to the oscillator module. When switching between clock sources, a delay is required to allow the new clock to stabilize. These oscillator delays are shown in Table 2-2. In order to minimize latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution, the Two-Speed Clock Start-up mode can be selected (see Section 2.10 "Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode"). TABLE 2-2: OSCILLATOR DELAY EXAMPLES Switch To LFINTOSC MFINTOSC HFINTOSC EC, RC EC, RC LP, XT, HS 4xPLL LFINTOSC HFINTOSC Frequency 31.25 kHz 31.25 kHz to 500 kHz 31.25 kHz to 16 MHz DC - 64 MHz DC - 64 MHz 32 kHz to 40 MHz 32 MHz to 64 MHz 31.25 kHz to 16 MHz Oscillator Delay Oscillator Warm-Up Delay (TWARM) 2 instruction cycles 1 cycle of each 1024 Clock Cycles (OST) 1024 Clock Cycles (OST) + 2 ms 1 s (approx.) Switch From Sleep/POR Sleep/POR LFINTOSC (31.25 kHz) Sleep/POR Sleep/POR LFINTOSC (31.25 kHz) 2.4.2 EC MODE FIGURE 2-5: The External Clock (EC) mode allows an externally generated logic level as the system clock source. When operating in this mode, an external clock source is connected to the OSC1 input and the OSC2 is available for general purpose I/O. Figure 2-5 shows the pin connections for EC mode. The External Clock (EC) mode offers a Medium Power (MP) and a High Power (HP) option selectable by the FOSC<3:0> bits. The MP selections are best suited for external clock frequencies between 4 and 16 MHz. The HP selection is best suited for clock frequencies above 16 MHz. The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is disabled when EC mode is selected. Therefore, there is no delay in operation after a Power-on Reset (POR) or wake-up from Sleep. Because the PIC(R) MCU design is fully static, stopping the external clock input will have the effect of halting the device while leaving all data intact. Upon restarting the external clock, the device will resume operation as if no time had elapsed. EXTERNAL CLOCK (EC) MODE OPERATION OSC1/CLKIN PIC(R) MCU I/O OSC2/CLKOUT(1) Clock from Ext. System Note 1: Alternate pin functions are listed in Section 1.0 "Device Overview". DS41412B-page 34 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.4.3 LP, XT, HS MODES The LP, XT and HS modes support the use of quartz crystal resonators or ceramic resonators connected to OSC1 and OSC2 (Figure 2-6). The mode selects a low, medium or high gain setting of the internal inverteramplifier to support various resonator types and speed. LP Oscillator mode selects the lowest gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. LP mode current consumption is the least of the three modes. This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a low drive level specification, for example, tuning fork type crystals. XT Oscillator mode selects the intermediate gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. XT mode current consumption is the medium of the three modes. This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a medium drive level specification. HS Oscillator mode offers a Medium Power (MP) and a High Power (HP) option selectable by the FOSC<3:0> bits. The MP selections are best suited for oscillator frequencies between 4 and 16 MHz. The HP selection has the highest gain setting of the internal inverteramplifier and is best suited for frequencies above 16 MHz. HS mode is best suited for resonators that require a high drive setting. Note 1: Quartz crystal characteristics vary according to type, package and manufacturer. The user should consult the manufacturer data sheets for specifications and recommended application. 2: Always verify oscillator performance over the VDD and temperature range that is expected for the application. 3: For oscillator design assistance, refer to the following Microchip Application Notes: * AN826, "Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal Selection for rfPIC(R) and PIC(R) Devices" (DS00826) * AN849, "Basic PIC(R) Oscillator Design" (DS00849) * AN943, "Practical PIC(R) Oscillator Analysis and Design" (DS00943) * AN949, "Making Your Oscillator Work" (DS00949) FIGURE 2-7: CERAMIC RESONATOR OPERATION (XT OR HS MODE) PIC(R) MCU OSC1/CLKIN FIGURE 2-6: QUARTZ CRYSTAL OPERATION (LP, XT OR HS MODE) C1 PIC(R) MCU OSC1/CLKIN C1 Quartz Crystal RF(2) To Internal Logic Sleep C2 Ceramic RS(1) Resonator RP(3) RF(2) To Internal Logic Sleep OSC2/CLKOUT C2 RS(1) OSC2/CLKOUT Note 1: A series resistor (RS) may be required for ceramic resonators with low drive level. 2: The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode selected (typically between 2 M to 10 M. 3: An additional parallel feedback resistor (RP) may be required for proper ceramic resonator operation. Note 1: 2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for quartz crystals with low drive level. The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode selected (typically between 2 M to 10 M. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 35 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.4.4 EXTERNAL RC MODES 2.5 Internal Clock Modes The external Resistor-Capacitor (RC) modes support the use of an external RC circuit. This allows the designer maximum flexibility in frequency choice while keeping costs to a minimum when clock accuracy is not required. There are two modes: RC and RCIO. The oscillator module has three independent, internal oscillators that can be configured or selected as the system clock source. 1. The HFINTOSC (High-Frequency Internal Oscillator) is factory calibrated and operates at 16 MHz. The frequency of the HFINTOSC can be user-adjusted via software using the OSCTUNE register (Register 2-3). The MFINTOSC (Medium-Frequency Internal Oscillator) is factory calibrated and operates at 500 kHz. The frequency of the MFINTOSC can be user-adjusted via software using the OSCTUNE register (Register 2-3). The LFINTOSC (Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator) is factory calibrated and operates at 31.25 kHz. The LFINTOSC cannot be useradjusted, but is designed to be stable over temperature and voltage. 2.4.4.1 RC Mode 2. In RC mode, the RC circuit connects to OSC1. OSC2/ CLKOUT outputs the RC oscillator frequency divided by 4. This signal may be used to provide a clock for external circuitry, synchronization, calibration, test or other application requirements. Figure 2-8 shows the external RC mode connections. FIGURE 2-8: VDD REXT EXTERNAL RC MODES PIC(R) MCU 3. OSC1/CLKIN CEXT VSS FOSC/4 or I/O(2) OSC2/CLKOUT(1) Internal Clock The system clock speed can be selected via software using the Internal Oscillator Frequency select bits IRCF<2:0> of the OSCCON register. The system clock can be selected between external or internal clock sources via the System Clock Selection (SCS<1:0>) bits of the OSCCON register. See Section 2.9 "Clock Switching" for more information. Recommended values: 10 k REXT 100 k CEXT > 20 pF Note 1: 2: Alternate pin functions are listed in Section 1.0 "Device Overview". Output depends upon RC or RCIO clock mode. 2.5.1 INTOSC WITH I/O OR CLOCKOUT 2.4.4.2 RCIO Mode In RCIO mode, the RC circuit is connected to OSC1. OSC2 becomes a general purpose I/O pin. The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values and the operating temperature. Other factors affecting the oscillator frequency are: * input threshold voltage variation * component tolerances * packaging variations in capacitance The user also needs to take into account variation due to tolerance of external RC components used. Two of the clock modes selectable with the FOSC<3:0> bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register configure the internal oscillator block as the primary oscillator. Mode selection determines whether OSC2/CLKOUT/ RA7 will be configured as general purpose I/O (RA7) or FOSC/4 (CLKOUT). In both modes, OSC1/CLKIN/RA7 is configured as general purpose I/O. See Section 24.0 "Special Features of the CPU" for more information. The CLKOUT signal may be used to provide a clock for external circuitry, synchronization, calibration, test or other application requirements. DS41412B-page 36 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.5.1.1 OSCTUNE Register The HFINTOSC/MFINTOSC oscillator circuits are factory calibrated but can be adjusted in software by writing to the TUN<5:0> bits of the OSCTUNE register (Register 2-3). The default value of the TUN<5:0> is `000000'. The value is a 6-bit two's complement number. When the OSCTUNE register is modified, the HFINTOSC/MFINTOSC frequency will begin shifting to the new frequency. Code execution continues during this shift. There is no indication that the shift has occurred. The TUN<5:0> bits in OSCTUNE do not affect the LFINTOSC frequency. Operation of features that depend on the LFINTOSC clock source frequency, such as the Power-up Timer (PWRT), Watchdog Timer (WDT), Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) and peripherals, are not affected by the change in frequency. The OSCTUNE register also implements the INTSRC and PLLEN bits, which control certain features of the internal oscillator block. The INTSRC bit allows users to select which internal oscillator provides the clock source when the 31.25 kHz frequency option is selected. This is covered in greater detail in Section 2.2.3 "Low Frequency Selection". The PLLEN bit controls the operation of the frequency multiplier, PLL, in internal oscillator modes. For more details about the function of the PLLEN bit, see Section 2.6.2 "PLL in HFINTOSC Modes" REGISTER 2-3: R/W-0 INTSRC bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 OSCTUNE: OSCILLATOR TUNING REGISTER R/W-0 PLLEN(1) R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 TUN<5:0> W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown INTSRC: Internal Oscillator Low-Frequency Source Select bit 1 = 31.25 kHz device clock derived from the MFINTOSC or HFINTOSC source 0 = 31.25 kHz device clock derived directly from LFINTOSC internal oscillator PLLEN: Frequency Multiplier 4xPLL for HFINTOSC Enable bit(1) 1 = PLL enabled for HFINTOSC (8 MHz and 16 MHz only) 0 = PLL disabled TUN<5:0>: Frequency Tuning bits - use to adjust MFINTOSC and HFINTOSC frequencies 011111 = Maximum frequency 011110 = *** 000001 = 000000 = Oscillator module (HFINTOSC and MFINTOSC) are running at the factory calibrated frequency. 111111 = *** 100000 = Minimum frequency The PLLEN bit is active only when the HFINTOSC is the primary clock source (FOSC<2:0> = 100X) and the selected frequency is 8 MHz or 16 MHz (IRCF<2:0> = 11x). Otherwise, the PLLEN bit is unavailable and always reads `0'. bit 6 bit 5-0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 37 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.5.2 LFINTOSC 2.5.4.1 Compensating with the EUSART The Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator (LFINTOSC) is a 31.25 kHz internal clock source. The LFINTOSC is not tunable, but is designed to be stable across temperature and voltage. See Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for the LFINTOSC accuracy specifications. The output of the LFINTOSC can be a clock source to the primary clock or the INTOSC clock (see Figure 2-1). The LFINTOSC is also the clock source for the Powerup Timer (PWRT), Watchdog Timer (WDT) and FailSafe Clock Monitor (FSCM). An adjustment may be required when the EUSART begins to generate framing errors or receives data with errors while in Asynchronous mode. Framing errors indicate that the device clock frequency is too high; to adjust for this, decrement the value in OSCTUNE to reduce the clock frequency. On the other hand, errors in data may suggest that the clock speed is too low; to compensate, increment OSCTUNE to increase the clock frequency. 2.5.4.2 Compensating with the Timers 2.5.3 FREQUENCY SELECT BITS (IRCF) The HFINTOSC (16 MHz) and MFINTOSC (500 MHz) outputs connect to a divide circuit that provides frequencies of 16 MHz to 31.25 kHz. These divide circuit frequencies, along with the 31.25 kHz LFINTOSC output, are multiplexed to provide a single INTOSC clock output (see Figure 2-1). The IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register, the MFIOSEL bit of the OSCCON2 register and the INTSRC bit of the OSCTUNE register, select the output frequency of the internal oscillators. One of eight frequencies can be selected via software: * * * * * * * * 16 MHz 8 MHz 4 MHz 2 MHz 1 MHz (Default after Reset) 500 kHz (MFINTOSC or HFINTOSC) 250 kHz (MFINTOSC or HFINTOSC) 31 kHz (LFINTOSC, MFINTOSC or HFINTOSC) This technique compares device clock speed to some reference clock. Two timers may be used; one timer is clocked by the peripheral clock, while the other is clocked by a fixed reference source, such as the Timer1 oscillator. Both timers are cleared, but the timer clocked by the reference generates interrupts. When an interrupt occurs, the internally clocked timer is read and both timers are cleared. If the internally clocked timer value is greater than expected, then the internal oscillator block is running too fast. To adjust for this, decrement the OSCTUNE register. 2.5.4.3 Compensating with the CCP Module in Capture Mode 2.5.4 INTOSC FREQUENCY DRIFT A CCP module can use free running Timer1, Timer3 or Timer5 clocked by the internal oscillator block and an external event with a known period (i.e., AC power frequency). The time of the first event is captured in the CCPRxH:CCPRxL registers and is recorded for use later. When the second event causes a capture, the time of the first event is subtracted from the time of the second event. Since the period of the external event is known, the time difference between events can be calculated. If the measured time is much greater than the calculated time, the internal oscillator block is running too fast; to compensate, decrement the OSCTUNE register. If the measured time is much less than the calculated time, the internal oscillator block is running too slow; to compensate, increment the OSCTUNE register. The factory calibrates the internal oscillator block outputs (HFINTOSC/MFINTOSC) for 16 MHz/500 kHz. However, this frequency may drift as VDD or temperature changes. It is possible to adjust the HFINTOSC/MFINTOSC frequency by modifying the value of the TUN<5:0> bits in the OSCTUNE register. This has no effect on the LFINTOSC clock source frequency. Tuning the HFINTOSC/MFINTOSC source requires knowing when to make the adjustment, in which direction it should be made and, in some cases, how large a change is needed. Three possible compensation techniques are discussed in the following sections. However, other techniques may be used. DS41412B-page 38 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.6 PLL Frequency Multiplier 2.6.2 PLL IN HFINTOSC MODES A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit is provided as an option for users who wish to use a lower frequency oscillator circuit or to clock the device up to its highest rated frequency from the crystal oscillator. This may be useful for customers who are concerned with EMI due to high-frequency crystals or users who require higher clock speeds from an internal oscillator. The 4x frequency multiplier can be used with the internal oscillator block to produce faster device clock speeds than are normally possible with the internal oscillator. When enabled, the PLL multiplies the HFINTOSC by 4 to produce clock rates up to 64 MHz. Unlike external clock modes, the PLL can only be controlled through software. The PLLEN control bit of the OSCTUNE register is used to enable or disable the PLL operation when the HFINTOSC is used. 2.6.1 PLL IN EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR MODES The PLL can be enabled for any of the external oscillator modes using the OSC1/OSC2 pins by either setting the PLLCFG bit (CONFIG1H<4>), or setting the PLLEN bit (OSCTUNE<6>). The PLL is designed for input frequencies of 4 MHz up to 16 MHz. The PLL then multiplies the oscillator output frequency by 4 to produce an internal clock frequency up to 64 MHz. Oscillator frequencies below 4 MHz should not be used with the PLL. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 39 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.7 Effects of Power-Managed Modes on the Various Clock Sources 2.8 Power-up Delays Power-up delays are controlled by two timers, so that no external Reset circuitry is required for most applications. The delays ensure that the device is kept in Reset until the device power supply is stable under normal circumstances and the primary clock is operating and stable. For additional information on power-up delays, see Section 4.5 "Device Reset Timers". The first timer is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which provides a fixed delay on power-up. It is enabled by clearing (= 0) the PWRTEN Configuration bit. The second timer is the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep the chip in Reset until the crystal oscillator is stable (LP, XT and HS modes). The OST does this by counting 1024 oscillator cycles before allowing the oscillator to clock the device. When the PLL is enabled with external oscillator modes, the device is kept in Reset for an additional 2 ms, following the OST delay, so the PLL can lock to the incoming clock frequency. There is a delay of interval TCSD, following POR, while the controller becomes ready to execute instructions. This delay runs concurrently with any other delays. This may be the only delay that occurs when any of the EC, RC or INTIOSC modes are used as the primary clock source. When the HFINTOSC is selected as the primary clock, the main system clock can be delayed until the HFINTOSC is stable. This is user selectable by the HFOFST bit of the CONFIG3H Configuration register. When the HFOFST bit is cleared, the main system clock is delayed until the HFINTOSC is stable. When the HFOFST bit is set, the main system clock starts immediately. In either case, the HFIOFS bit of the OSCCON register can be read to determine whether the HFINTOSC is operating and stable. For more information about the modes discussed in this section see Section 3.0 "Power-Managed Modes". A quick reference list is also available in Table 3-1. When PRI_IDLE mode is selected, the designated primary oscillator continues to run without interruption. For all other power-managed modes, the oscillator using the OSC1 pin is disabled. The OSC1 pin (and OSC2 pin, if used by the oscillator) will stop oscillating. In secondary clock modes (SEC_RUN and SEC_IDLE), the secondary oscillator (SOSC) is operating and providing the device clock. The secondary oscillator may also run in all powermanaged modes if required to clock Timer1, Timer3 or Timer5. In internal oscillator modes (INTOSC_RUN and INTOSC_IDLE), the internal oscillator block provides the device clock source. The 31.25 kHz LFINTOSC output can be used directly to provide the clock and may be enabled to support various special features, regardless of the power-managed mode (see Section 24.2 "Watchdog Timer (WDT)", Section 2.10 "Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode" and Section 2.11 "Fail-Safe Clock Monitor" for more information on WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor and TwoSpeed Start-up). The HFINTOSC and MFINTOSC outputs may be used directly to clock the device or may be divided down by the postscaler. The HFINTOSC and MFINTOSC outputs are disabled when the clock is provided directly from the LFINTOSC output. When the Sleep mode is selected, all clock sources are stopped. Since all the transistor switching currents have been stopped, Sleep mode achieves the lowest current consumption of the device (only leakage currents). Enabling any on-chip feature that will operate during Sleep will increase the current consumed during Sleep. The LFINTOSC is required to support WDT operation. Other features may be operating that do not require a device clock source (i.e., SSP slave, PSP, INTn pins and others). Peripherals that may add significant current consumption are listed in Section 27.8 "DC Characteristics: Input/Output Characteristics, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22". DS41412B-page 40 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 2-3: OSC1 AND OSC2 PIN STATES IN SLEEP MODE OSC1 Pin Floating, external resistor should pull high Configured as PORTA, bit 7 Floating, pulled by external clock Floating, pulled by external clock Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent voltage level OSC2 Pin At logic low (clock/4 output) Configured as PORTA, bit 6 Configured as PORTA, bit 6 Configured as PORTA, bit 6 At logic low (clock/4 output) Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent voltage level OSC Mode RC with IO INTOSC with IO EC with IO EC with CLKOUT LP, XT, HS Note: RC, INTOSC with CLKOUT Floating, external resistor should pull high See Table 4-2 in Section 4.0 "Reset" for time-outs due to Sleep and MCLR Reset. 2.9 Clock Switching The system clock source can be switched between external and internal clock sources via software using the System Clock Select (SCS<1:0>) bits of the OSCCON register. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices contain circuitry to prevent clock "glitches" when switching between clock sources. A short pause in the device clock occurs during the clock switch. The length of this pause is the sum of two cycles of the old clock source and three to four cycles of the new clock source. This formula assumes that the new clock source is stable. Clock transitions are discussed in greater detail in Section 3.1.2 "Entering Power-Managed Modes". After a Reset, the SCS<1:0> bits of the OSCCON register are always cleared. Note: Any automatic clock switch, which may occur from Two-Speed Start-up or Fail-Safe Clock Monitor, does not update the SCS<1:0> bits of the OSCCON register. The user can monitor the SOSCRUN, MFIOFS and LFIOFS bits of the OSCCON2 register, and the HFIOFS and OSTS bits of the OSCCON register to determine the current system clock source. 2.9.2 OSCILLATOR START-UP TIME-OUT STATUS (OSTS) BIT 2.9.1 SYSTEM CLOCK SELECT (SCS<1:0>) BITS The System Clock Select (SCS<1:0>) bits of the OSCCON register select the system clock source that is used for the CPU and peripherals. * When SCS<1:0> = 00, the system clock source is determined by configuration of the FOSC<3:0> bits in the CONFIG1H Configuration register. * When SCS<1:0> = 10, the system clock source is chosen by the internal oscillator frequency selected by the INTSRC bit of the OSCTUNE register, the MFIOSEL bit of the OSCCON2 register and the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. * When SCS<1:0> = 01, the system clock source is the 32.768 kHz secondary oscillator shared with Timer1, Timer3 and Timer5. The Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status (OSTS) bit of the OSCCON register indicates whether the system clock is running from the external clock source, as defined by the FOSC<3:0> bits in the CONFIG1H Configuration register, or from the internal clock source. In particular, when the primary oscillator is the source of the primary clock, OSTS indicates that the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has timed out for LP, XT or HS modes. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 41 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.9.3 CLOCK SWITCH TIMING 2.10 Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode When switching between one oscillator and another, the new oscillator may not be operating which saves power (see Figure 2-9). If this is the case, there is a delay after the SCS<1:0> bits of the OSCCON register are modified before the frequency change takes place. The OSTS and IOFS bits of the OSCCON register will reflect the current active status of the external and HFINTOSC oscillators. The timing of a frequency selection is as follows: 1. 2. 3. SCS<1:0> bits of the OSCCON register are modified. The old clock continues to operate until the new clock is ready. Clock switch circuitry waits for two consecutive rising edges of the old clock after the new clock ready signal goes true. The system clock is held low starting at the next falling edge of the old clock. Clock switch circuitry waits for an additional two rising edges of the new clock. On the next falling edge of the new clock the low hold on the system clock is released and new clock is switched in as the system clock. Clock switch is complete. Two-Speed Start-up mode provides additional power savings by minimizing the latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution. In applications that make heavy use of the Sleep mode, Two-Speed Start-up will remove the external oscillator start-up time from the time spent awake and can reduce the overall power consumption of the device. This mode allows the application to wake-up from Sleep, perform a few instructions using the HFINTOSC as the clock source and go back to Sleep without waiting for the primary oscillator to become stable. Note: Executing a SLEEP instruction will abort the oscillator start-up time and will cause the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register to remain clear. 4. 5. 6. 7. See Figure 2-1 for more details. If the HFINTOSC is the source of both the old and new frequency, there is no start-up delay before the new frequency is active. This is because the old and new frequencies are derived from the HFINTOSC via the postscaler and multiplexer. Start-up delay specifications are located in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics", under AC Specifications (Oscillator Module). When the oscillator module is configured for LP, XT or HS modes, the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is enabled (see Section 2.4.1 "Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)"). The OST will suspend program execution until 1024 oscillations are counted. Two-Speed Start-up mode minimizes the delay in code execution by operating from the internal oscillator as the OST is counting. When the OST count reaches 1024 and the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register is set, program execution switches to the external oscillator. 2.10.1 TWO-SPEED START-UP MODE CONFIGURATION Two-Speed Start-up mode is enabled when all of the following settings are configured as noted: * Two-Speed Start-up mode is enabled when the IESO of the CONFIG1H Configuration register is set. * SCS<1:0> (of the OSCCON register) = 00. * FOSC<2:0> bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register are configured for LP, XT or HS mode. Two-Speed Start-up mode becomes active after: * Power-on Reset (POR) and, if enabled, after Power-up Timer (PWRT) has expired, or * Wake-up from Sleep. DS41412B-page 42 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.10.2 1. 2. TWO-SPEED START-UP SEQUENCE 2.10.3 CHECKING TWO-SPEED CLOCK STATUS 3. 4. 5. 6. Wake-up from Power-on Reset or Sleep. Instructions begin executing by the internal oscillator at the frequency set in the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. OST enabled to count 1024 external clock cycles. OST timed out. External clock is ready. OSTS is set. Clock switch finishes according to Figure 2-9 Checking the state of the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register will confirm if the microcontroller is running from the external clock source, as defined by the FOSC<2:0> bits in CONFIG1H Configuration register, or the internal oscillator. OSTS = 0 when the external oscillator is not ready, which indicates that the system is running from the internal oscillator. FIGURE 2-9: High Speed Old Clock CLOCK SWITCH TIMING Low Speed Start-up Time(1) Clock Sync Running New Clock New Clk Ready IRCF <2:0> Select Old System Clock Low Speed Old Clock Start-up Time(1) Clock Sync Running Select New High Speed New Clock New Clk Ready IRCF <2:0> Select Old System Clock Note 1: Start-up time includes TOST (1024 TOSC) for external clocks, plus TPLL (approx. 2 ms) for HSPLL mode. Select New 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 43 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 2.11 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor 2.11.3 FAIL-SAFE CONDITION CLEARING The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the device to continue operating should the external oscillator fail. The FSCM can detect oscillator failure any time after the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has expired. The FSCM is enabled by setting the FCMEN bit in the CONFIG1H Configuration register. The FSCM is applicable to all external oscillator modes (LP, XT, HS, EC, RC and RCIO). The Fail-Safe condition is cleared by either one of the following: * Any Reset * By toggling the SCS1 bit of the OSCCON register Both of these conditions restart the OST. While the OST is running, the device continues to operate from the INTOSC selected in OSCCON. When the OST times out, the Fail-Safe condition is cleared and the device automatically switches over to the external clock source. The Fail-Safe condition need not be cleared before the OSCFIF flag is cleared. FIGURE 2-10: FSCM BLOCK DIAGRAM Clock Monitor Latch S Q External Clock 2.11.4 RESET OR WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP LFINTOSC Oscillator 31 kHz (~32 s) / 64 488 Hz (~2 ms) R Q The FSCM is designed to detect an oscillator failure after the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has expired. The OST is used after waking up from Sleep and after any type of Reset. The OST is not used with the EC or RC Clock modes so that the FSCM will be active as soon as the Reset or wake-up has completed. . Note: Clock Failure Detected Sample Clock 2.11.1 FAIL-SAFE DETECTION The FSCM module detects a failed oscillator by comparing the external oscillator to the FSCM sample clock. The sample clock is generated by dividing the LFINTOSC by 64 (see Figure 2-10). Inside the fail detector block is a latch. The external clock sets the latch on each falling edge of the external clock. The sample clock clears the latch on each rising edge of the sample clock. A failure is detected when an entire halfcycle of the sample clock elapses before the primary clock goes low. Due to the wide range of oscillator start-up times, the Fail-Safe circuit is not active during oscillator start-up (i.e., after exiting Reset or Sleep). After an appropriate amount of time, the user should check the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register to verify the oscillator start-up and that the system clock switchover has successfully completed. When the device is configured for FailSafe clock monitoring in either HS, XT, or LS oscillator modes then the IESO configuration bit should also be set so that the clock will automatically switch from the internal clock to the external oscillator when the OST times out. Note: 2.11.2 FAIL-SAFE OPERATION When the external clock fails, the FSCM switches the device clock to an internal clock source and sets the bit flag OSCFIF of the PIR2 register. The OSCFIF flag will generate an interrupt if the OSCFIE bit of the PIE2 register is also set. The device firmware can then take steps to mitigate the problems that may arise from a failed clock. The system clock will continue to be sourced from the internal clock source until the device firmware successfully restarts the external oscillator and switches back to external operation. An automatic transition back to the failed clock source will not occur. The internal clock source chosen by the FSCM is determined by the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. This allows the internal oscillator to be configured before a failure occurs. DS41412B-page 44 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 2-11: Sample Clock System Clock Output Clock Monitor Output (Q) OSCFIF Oscillator Failure FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM Failure Detected Test Note: Test Test The system clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in this example have been chosen for clarity. TABLE 2-4: Name INTCON IPR2 OSCCON OSCCON2 OSCTUNE PIE2 PIR2 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOCK SOURCES Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 TMR0IE C2IP IRCF<2:0> -- Bit 4 INT0IE EEIP Bit 3 RBIE BCL1IP OSTS Bit 2 TMR0IF HLVDIP HFIOFS PRISD HLVDIE HLVDIF Bit 1 INT0IF Bit 0 RBIF Register on Page 115 128 32 33 37 124 119 GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL OSCFIP IDLEN PLLRDY SOSCRUN INTSRC OSCFIE OSCFIF PLLEN C1IE C1IF C1IP TMR3IP CCP2IP SCS<1:0> MFIOFS LFIOFS TMR3IE CCP2IE TMR3IF CCP2IF MFIOSEL SOSCGO TUN<5:0> EEIE EEIF BCL1IE BCL1IF C2IE C2IF Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Clock Sources. TABLE 2-5: Name CONFIG1H CONFIG2L CONFIG3H CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOCK SOURCES Bit 7 IESO -- Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 351 352 354 FCMEN PRICLKEN PLLCFG -- -- -- FOSC<3:0> BOREN<1:0> PWRTEN HFOFST CCP3MX PBADEN CCP2MX BORV<1:0> T3CMX MCLRE P2BMX Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for Clock Sources. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 45 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 46 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 3.0 POWER-MANAGED MODES 3.1.1 CLOCK SOURCES PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices offer a total of seven operating modes for more efficient power management. These modes provide a variety of options for selective power conservation in applications where resources may be limited (i.e., battery-powered devices). There are three categories of power-managed modes: * Run modes * Idle modes * Sleep mode These categories define which portions of the device are clocked and sometimes, what speed. The Run and Idle modes may use any of the three available clock sources (primary, secondary or internal oscillator block). The Sleep mode does not use a clock source. The power-managed modes include several powersaving features offered on previous PIC(R) microcontroller devices. One of the clock switching features allows the controller to use the secondary oscillator (SOSC) in place of the primary oscillator. Also included is the Sleep mode, offered by all PIC(R) microcontroller devices, where all device clocks are stopped. The SCS<1:0> bits allow the selection of one of three clock sources for power-managed modes. They are: * the primary clock, as defined by the FOSC<3:0> Configuration bits * the secondary clock (the SOSC oscillator) * the internal oscillator block 3.1.2 ENTERING POWER-MANAGED MODES Switching from one power-managed mode to another begins by loading the OSCCON register. The SCS<1:0> bits select the clock source and determine which Run or Idle mode is to be used. Changing these bits causes an immediate switch to the new clock source, assuming that it is running. The switch may also be subject to clock transition delays. Refer to Section 2.9 "Clock Switching" for more information. Entry to the power-managed Idle or Sleep modes is triggered by the execution of a SLEEP instruction. The actual mode that results depends on the status of the IDLEN bit. Depending on the current mode and the mode being switched to, a change to a power-managed mode does not always require setting all of these bits. Many transitions may be done by changing the oscillator select bits, or changing the IDLEN bit, prior to issuing a SLEEP instruction. If the IDLEN bit is already configured correctly, it may only be necessary to perform a SLEEP instruction to switch to the desired mode. 3.1 Selecting Power-Managed Modes Selecting a power-managed mode requires two decisions: * Whether or not the CPU is to be clocked * The selection of a clock source The IDLEN bit (OSCCON<7>) controls CPU clocking, while the SCS<1:0> bits (OSCCON<1:0>) select the clock source. The individual modes, bit settings, clock sources and affected modules are summarized in Table 3-1. TABLE 3-1: Mode Sleep PRI_RUN POWER-MANAGED MODES OSCCON Bits IDLEN(1) 0 N/A SCS<1:0> N/A 00 Module Clocking CPU Off Clocked Peripherals Off Clocked Available Clock and Oscillator Source None - All clocks are disabled Primary - LP, XT, HS, RC, EC and Internal Oscillator Block(2). This is the normal full-power execution mode. Secondary - SOSC Oscillator Internal Oscillator Block(2) Primary - LP, XT, HS, HSPLL, RC, EC Secondary - SOSC Oscillator Internal Oscillator Block(2) SEC_RUN RC_RUN PRI_IDLE SEC_IDLE RC_IDLE Note 1: 2: N/A N/A 1 1 1 01 1x 00 01 1x Clocked Clocked Off Off Off Clocked Clocked Clocked Clocked Clocked IDLEN reflects its value when the SLEEP instruction is executed. Includes HFINTOSC and HFINTOSC postscaler, as well as the LFINTOSC source. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 47 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 3.1.3 MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS OF THE SLEEP COMMAND The power-managed mode that is invoked with the SLEEP instruction is determined by the value of the IDLEN bit at the time the instruction is executed. If IDLEN = 0, when SLEEP is executed, the device enters the sleep mode and all clocks stop and minimum power is consumed. If IDLEN = 1, when SLEEP is executed, the device enters the IDLE mode and the system clock continues to supply a clock to the peripherals but is disconnected from the CPU. SOSCRUN bit is cleared, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is providing the clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up and the SOSC oscillator continues to run. 3.2.3 RC_RUN MODE 3.2 Run Modes In the Run modes, clocks to both the core and peripherals are active. The difference between these modes is the clock source. 3.2.1 PRI_RUN MODE The PRI_RUN mode is the normal, full-power execution mode of the microcontroller. This is also the default mode upon a device Reset, unless Two-Speed Start-up is enabled (see Section 2.10 "Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode" for details). In this mode, the device is operated off the oscillator defined by the FOSC<3:0> bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. In RC_RUN mode, the CPU and peripherals are clocked from the internal oscillator block using the INTOSC multiplexer. In this mode, the primary clock is shut down. When using the LFINTOSC source, this mode provides the best power conservation of all the Run modes, while still executing code. It works well for user applications which are not highly timing-sensitive or do not require high-speed clocks at all times. If the primary clock source is the internal oscillator block - either LFINTOSC or INTOSC (MFINTOSC or HFINTOSC) - there are no distinguishable differences between the PRI_RUN and RC_RUN modes during execution. Entering or exiting RC_RUN mode, however, causes a clock switch delay. Therefore, if the primary clock source is the internal oscillator block, using RC_RUN mode is not recommended. This mode is entered by setting the SCS1 bit to `1'. To maintain software compatibility with future devices, it is recommended that the SCS0 bit also be cleared, even though the bit is ignored. When the clock source is switched to the INTOSC multiplexer (see Figure 3-1), the primary oscillator is shut down and the OSTS bit is cleared. The IRCF<2:0> bits (OSCCON<6:4>) may be modified at any time to immediately change the clock speed. When the IRCF bits and the INTSRC bit are all clear, the INTOSC output (HFINTOSC/MFINTOSC) is not enabled and the HFIOFS and MFIOFS bits will remain clear. There will be no indication of the current clock source. The LFINTOSC source is providing the device clocks. If the IRCF bits are changed from all clear (thus, enabling the INTOSC output) or if INTSRC or MFIOSEL is set, then the HFIOFS or MFIOFS bit is set after the INTOSC output becomes stable. For details, see Table 3-2. Clocks to the device continue while the INTOSC source stabilizes after an interval of TIOBST. If the IRCF bits were previously at a non-zero value, or if INTSRC was set before setting SCS1 and the INTOSC source was already stable, then the HFIOFS or MFIOFS bit will remain set. 3.2.2 SEC_RUN MODE In SEC_RUN mode, the CPU and peripherals are clocked from the secondary external oscillator. This gives users the option of lower power consumption while still using a high accuracy clock source. SEC_RUN mode is entered by setting the SCS<1:0> bits to `01'. When SEC_RUN mode is active, all of the following are true: * The device clock source is switched to the SOSC oscillator (see Figure 3-1) * The primary oscillator is shut down * The SOSCRUN bit (OSCCON2<6>) is set * The OSTS bit (OSCCON2<3>) is cleared Note: The secondary external oscillator should already be running prior to entering SEC_RUN mode. If the SOSCGO bit or any of the TxSOSCEN bits are not set when the SCS<1:0> bits are set to `01', entry to SEC_RUN mode will not occur until SOSCGO bit is set and secondary external oscillator is ready. On transitions from SEC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN mode, the peripherals and CPU continue to be clocked from the SOSC oscillator, while the primary clock is started. When the primary clock becomes ready, a clock switch back to the primary clock occurs (see Figure 3-2). When the clock switch is complete, the DS41412B-page 48 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 On transitions from RC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN mode, the device continues to be clocked from the INTOSC multiplexer while the primary clock is started. When the primary clock becomes ready, a clock switch to the primary clock occurs (see Figure 3-3). When the clock switch is complete, the HFIOFS or MFIOFS bit is cleared, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is providing the device clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the switch. The LFINTOSC source will continue to run if either the WDT or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled. FIGURE 3-1: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SEC_RUN MODE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 1 2 3 n-1 n Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 SOSCI OSC1 CPU Clock Peripheral Clock Program Counter Clock Transition(1) PC PC + 2 PC + 4 Note 1: Clock transition typically occurs within 2-4 TOSC. FIGURE 3-2: TRANSITION TIMING FROM SEC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE (HSPLL) Q1 SOSC OSC1 TOST(1) TPLL(1) 1 2 n-1 n Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 PLL Clock Output CPU Clock Peripheral Clock Program Counter SCS<1:0> bits Changed PC OSTS bit Set Clock Transition(2) PC + 2 PC + 4 Note1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale. 2: Clock transition typically occurs within 2-4 TOSC. TABLE 3-2: IRCF<2:0> 000 000 000 010 or 001 010 or 001 INTERNAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY STABILITY BITS INTSRC 0 1 1 x x MFIOSEL x 0 1 0 1 INTOSC Stability Indication MFIOFS = 0, HFIOFS = 0 LFINTOSC MFIOFS = 0, HFIOFS = 1 HFINTOSC MFIOFS = 1, HFIOFS = 0 MFINTOSC MFIOFS = 0, HFIOFS = 1 HFINTOSC MFIOFS = 1, HFIOFS = 0 MFINTOSC 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 49 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 3-3: TRANSITION TIMING FROM RC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE Q1 INTOSC Multiplexer OSC1 TOST(1) PLL Clock Output CPU Clock Peripheral Clock Program Counter SCS<1:0> bits Changed PC OSTS bit Set PC + 2 PC + 4 TPLL(1) 1 2 n-1 n Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Clock Transition(2) Note1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale. 2: Clock transition typically occurs within 2-4 TOSC. DS41412B-page 50 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 3.3 Sleep Mode 3.4 Idle Modes The Power-Managed Sleep mode in the PIC18(L)F2X/ 4XK22 devices is identical to the legacy Sleep mode offered in all other PIC(R) microcontroller devices. It is entered by clearing the IDLEN bit of the OSCCON register and executing the SLEEP instruction. This shuts down the selected oscillator (Figure 3-4) and all clock source status bits are cleared. Entering the Sleep mode from either Run or Idle mode does not require a clock switch. This is because no clocks are needed once the controller has entered Sleep. If the WDT is selected, the LFINTOSC source will continue to operate. If the SOSC oscillator is enabled, it will also continue to run. When a wake event occurs in Sleep mode (by interrupt, Reset or WDT time-out), the device will not be clocked until the clock source selected by the SCS<1:0> bits becomes ready (see Figure 3-5), or it will be clocked from the internal oscillator block if either the Two-Speed Start-up or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor are enabled (see Section 24.0 "Special Features of the CPU"). In either case, the OSTS bit is set when the primary clock is providing the device clocks. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. The Idle modes allow the controller's CPU to be selectively shut down while the peripherals continue to operate. Selecting a particular Idle mode allows users to further manage power consumption. If the IDLEN bit is set to a `1' when a SLEEP instruction is executed, the peripherals will be clocked from the clock source selected by the SCS<1:0> bits; however, the CPU will not be clocked. The clock source status bits are not affected. Setting IDLEN and executing a SLEEP instruction provides a quick method of switching from a given Run mode to its corresponding Idle mode. If the WDT is selected, the LFINTOSC source will continue to operate. If the SOSC oscillator is enabled, it will also continue to run. Since the CPU is not executing instructions, the only exits from any of the Idle modes are by interrupt, WDT time-out, or a Reset. When a wake event occurs, CPU execution is delayed by an interval of TCSD while it becomes ready to execute code. When the CPU begins executing code, it resumes with the same clock source for the current Idle mode. For example, when waking from RC_IDLE mode, the internal oscillator block will clock the CPU and peripherals (in other words, RC_RUN mode). The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. While in any Idle mode or the Sleep mode, a WDT time-out will result in a WDT wake-up to the Run mode currently specified by the SCS<1:0> bits. FIGURE 3-4: OSC1 CPU Clock Peripheral Clock Sleep Program Counter PC TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SLEEP MODE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 PC + 2 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 51 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 3-5: OSC1 PLL Clock Output CPU Clock Peripheral Clock Program Counter Wake Event PC OSTS bit set PC + 2 PC + 4 PC + 6 TOST(1) TPLL(1) TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM SLEEP (HSPLL) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Note1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale. 3.4.1 PRI_IDLE MODE 3.4.2 SEC_IDLE MODE This mode is unique among the three low-power Idle modes, in that it does not disable the primary device clock. For timing sensitive applications, this allows for the fastest resumption of device operation with its more accurate primary clock source, since the clock source does not have to "warm-up" or transition from another oscillator. PRI_IDLE mode is entered from PRI_RUN mode by setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN first, then clear the SCS bits and execute SLEEP. Although the CPU is disabled, the peripherals continue to be clocked from the primary clock source specified by the FOSC<3:0> Configuration bits. The OSTS bit remains set (see Figure 3-6). When a wake event occurs, the CPU is clocked from the primary clock source. A delay of interval TCSD is required between the wake event and when code execution starts. This is required to allow the CPU to become ready to execute instructions. After the wakeup, the OSTS bit remains set. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up (see Figure 3-7). In SEC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the peripherals continue to be clocked from the SOSC oscillator. This mode is entered from SEC_RUN by setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the device is in another Run mode, set the IDLEN bit first, then set the SCS<1:0> bits to `01' and execute SLEEP. When the clock source is switched to the SOSC oscillator, the primary oscillator is shut down, the OSTS bit is cleared and the SOSCRUN bit is set. When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to be clocked from the SOSC oscillator. After an interval of TCSD following the wake event, the CPU begins executing code being clocked by the SOSC oscillator. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up; the SOSC oscillator continues to run (see Figure 3-7). Note: The SOSC oscillator should already be running prior to entering SEC_IDLE mode. At least one of the secondary oscillator enable bits (SOSCGO, T1SOSCEN, T3SOSCEN or T5SOSCEN) must be set when the SLEEP instruction is executed. Otherwise, the main system clock will continue to operate in the previously selected mode and the corresponding IDLE mode will be entered (i.e., PRI_IDLE or RC_IDLE). FIGURE 3-6: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO IDLE MODE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 OSC1 CPU Clock Peripheral Clock Program Counter PC PC + 2 DS41412B-page 52 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 3-7: Q1 OSC1 CPU Clock Peripheral Clock Program Counter Wake Event PC TCSD TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM IDLE TO RUN MODE Q2 Q3 Q4 3.4.3 RC_IDLE MODE In RC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the peripherals continue to be clocked from the internal oscillator block from the HFINTOSC multiplexer output. This mode allows for controllable power conservation during Idle periods. From RC_RUN, this mode is entered by setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the device is in another Run mode, first set IDLEN, then set the SCS1 bit and execute SLEEP. It is recommended that SCS0 also be cleared, although its value is ignored, to maintain software compatibility with future devices. The HFINTOSC multiplexer may be used to select a higher clock frequency by modifying the IRCF bits before executing the SLEEP instruction. When the clock source is switched to the HFINTOSC multiplexer, the primary oscillator is shut down and the OSTS bit is cleared. If the IRCF bits are set to any non-zero value, or either the INTSRC or MFIOSEL bits are set, the HFINTOSC output is enabled. Either the HFIOFS or the MFIOFS bits become set, after the HFINTOSC output stabilizes after an interval of TIOBST. For information on the HFIOFS and MFIOFS bits, see Table 3-2. Clocks to the peripherals continue while the HFINTOSC source stabilizes. The HFIOFS and MFIOFS bits will remain set if the IRCF bits were previously set at a non-zero value or if INTSRC was set before the SLEEP instruction was executed and the HFINTOSC source was already stable. If the IRCF bits and INTSRC are all clear, the HFINTOSC output will not be enabled, the HFIOFS and MFIOFS bits will remain clear and there will be no indication of the current clock source. When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to be clocked from the HFINTOSC multiplexer output. After a delay of TCSD following the wake event, the CPU begins executing code being clocked by the HFINTOSC multiplexer. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. The LFINTOSC source will continue to run if either the WDT or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 53 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 3.5 Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes 3.5.2 EXIT BY WDT TIME-OUT An exit from Sleep mode or any of the Idle modes is triggered by any one of the following: * an interrupt * a Reset * a Watchdog Time-out This section discusses the triggers that cause exits from power-managed modes. The clocking subsystem actions are discussed in each of the power-managed modes (see Section 3.2 "Run Modes", Section 3.3 "Sleep Mode" and Section 3.4 "Idle Modes"). A WDT time-out will cause different actions depending on which power-managed mode the device is in when the time-out occurs. If the device is not executing code (all Idle modes and Sleep mode), the time-out will result in an exit from the power-managed mode (see Section 3.2 "Run Modes" and Section 3.3 "Sleep Mode"). If the device is executing code (all Run modes), the time-out will result in a WDT Reset (see Section 24.2 "Watchdog Timer (WDT)"). The WDT timer and postscaler are cleared by any one of the following: * executing a SLEEP instruction * executing a CLRWDT instruction * the loss of the currently selected clock source when the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled * modifying the IRCF bits in the OSCCON register when the internal oscillator block is the device clock source 3.5.1 EXIT BY INTERRUPT Any of the available interrupt sources can cause the device to exit from an Idle mode or the Sleep mode to a Run mode. To enable this functionality, an interrupt source must be enabled by setting its enable bit in one of the INTCON or PIE registers. The exit sequence is initiated when the corresponding interrupt flag bit is set. The instruction immediately following the SLEEP instruction is executed on all exits by interrupt from Idle or Sleep modes. Code execution then branches to the interrupt vector if the GIE/GIEH bit of the INTCON register is set, otherwise code execution continues without branching (see Section 9.0 "Interrupts"). A fixed delay of interval TCSD following the wake event is required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes. This delay is required for the CPU to prepare for execution. Instruction execution resumes on the first clock cycle following this delay. 3.5.3 EXIT BY RESET Exiting Sleep and Idle modes by Reset causes code execution to restart at address 0. See Section 4.0 "Reset" for more details. The exit delay time from Reset to the start of code execution depends on both the clock sources before and after the wake-up and the type of oscillator. Exit delays are summarized in Table 3-3. 3.5.4 EXIT WITHOUT AN OSCILLATOR START-UP DELAY Certain exits from power-managed modes do not invoke the OST at all. There are two cases: * PRI_IDLE mode, where the primary clock source is not stopped and * the primary clock source is not any of the LP, XT, HS or HSPLL modes. In these instances, the primary clock source either does not require an oscillator start-up delay since it is already running (PRI_IDLE), or normally does not require an oscillator start-up delay (RC, EC, INTOSC, and INTOSCIO modes). However, a fixed delay of interval TCSD following the wake event is still required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes to allow the CPU to prepare for execution. Instruction execution resumes on the first clock cycle following this delay. DS41412B-page 54 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 3-3: EXIT DELAY ON WAKE-UP BY RESET FROM SLEEP MODE OR ANY IDLE MODE (BY CLOCK SOURCES) Clock Source after Wake-up LP, XT, HS Primary Device Clock (PRI_IDLE mode) HSPLL EC, RC HFINTOSC(2) LP, XT, HS T1OSC or LFINTOSC(1) HSPLL EC, RC HFINTOSC(1) LP, XT, HS HFINTOSC(2) HSPLL EC, RC HFINTOSC(1) LP, XT, HS None (Sleep mode) Note 1: 2: 3: 4: HSPLL EC, RC HFINTOSC(1) TOST(3) TOST + tPLL(3) TCSD(1) TIOBST(4) TOST (4) Clock Source before Wake-up Exit Delay Clock Ready Status Bit (OSCCON) OSTS IOSF OSTS IOSF OSTS IOSF OSTS IOSF TCSD(1) TOST + tPLL(3) TCSD(1) None TOST(3) TOST + tPLL(3) TCSD(1) TIOBST(4) TCSD is a required delay when waking from Sleep and all Idle modes and runs concurrently with any other required delays (see Section 3.4 "Idle Modes"). On Reset, HFINTOSC defaults to 1 MHz. Includes both the HFINTOSC 16 MHz source and postscaler derived frequencies. TOST is the Oscillator Start-up Timer. tPLL is the PLL Lock-out Timer. Execution continues during the HFINTOSC stabilization period, TIOBST. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 55 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 3.6 Selective Peripheral Module Control Setting the PMD bit for a module disables all clock sources to that module, reducing its power consumption to an absolute minimum. In this state, the control and STATUS registers associated with the peripheral are also disabled, so writes to these registers have no effect and read values are invalid. Idle mode allows users to substantially reduce power consumption by stopping the CPU clock. Even so, peripheral modules still remain clocked, and thus, consume power. There may be cases where the application needs what IDLE mode does not provide: the allocation of power resources to the CPU processing with minimal power consumption from the peripherals. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family devices address this requirement by allowing peripheral modules to be selectively disabled, reducing or eliminating their power consumption. This can be done with control bits in the Peripheral Module Disable (PMD) registers. These bits generically named XXXMD are located in control registers PMD0, PMD1 or PMD2. REGISTER 3-1: R/W-0 UART2MD bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 PMD0: PERIPHERAL MODULE DISABLE REGISTER 0 R/W-0 R/W-0 TMR6MD R/W-0 TMR5MD R/W-0 TMR4MD R/W-0 TMR3MD R/W-0 TMR2MD R/W-0 TMR1MD bit 0 UART1MD W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown UART2MD: UART2 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power UART1MD: UART1 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power TMR6MD: Timer6 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power TMR5MD: Timer5 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power TMR4MD: Timer4 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power TMR3MD: Timer3 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power TMR2MD: Timer2 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power TMR1MD: Timer1 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 56 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 3-2: R/W-0 MSSP2MD bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PMD1: PERIPHERAL MODULE DISABLE REGISTER 1 R/W-0 U-0 -- R/W-0 CCP5MD R/W-0 CCP4MD R/W-0 CCP3MD R/W-0 CCP2MD R/W-0 CCP1MD bit 0 MSSP1MD MSSP2MD: MSSP2 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power MSSP1MD: MSSP1 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power Unimplemented: Read as `0' CCP5MD: CCP5 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power CCP4MD: CCP4 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power CCP3MD: CCP3 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power CCP2MD: CCP2 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power CCP1MD: CCP1 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 57 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 3-3: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-4 bit 3 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PMD2: PERIPHERAL MODULE DISABLE REGISTER 2 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CTMUMD R/W-0 CMP2MD R/W-0 CMP1MD R/W-0 ADCMD bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' CTMUMD: CTMU Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power CMP2MD: Comparator C2 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power CMP1MD: Comparator C1 Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power ADCMD: ADC Peripheral Module Disable Control bit 1 = Module is disabled, Clock Source is disconnected, module does not draw digital power 0 = Module is enabled, Clock Source is connected, module draws digital power bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 58 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 4.0 RESET The PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices differentiate between various kinds of Reset: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Power-on Reset (POR) MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during power-managed modes Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset (during execution) Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR) RESET Instruction Stack Full Reset Stack Underflow Reset A simplified block diagram of the On-Chip Reset Circuit is shown in Figure 4-1. 4.1 RCON Register Device Reset events are tracked through the RCON register (Register 4-1). The lower five bits of the register indicate that a specific Reset event has occurred. In most cases, these bits can only be cleared by the event and must be set by the application after the event. The state of these flag bits, taken together, can be read to indicate the type of Reset that just occurred. This is described in more detail in Section 4.6 "Reset State of Registers". The RCON register also has control bits for setting interrupt priority (IPEN) and software control of the BOR (SBOREN). Interrupt priority is discussed in Section 9.0 "Interrupts". BOR is covered in Section 4.4 "Brown-out Reset (BOR)". This section discusses Resets generated by MCLR, POR and BOR and covers the operation of the various start-up timers. Stack Reset events are covered in Section 5.1.2.4 "Stack Full and Underflow Resets". WDT Resets are covered in Section 24.2 "Watchdog Timer (WDT)". FIGURE 4-1: RESET Instruction Stack Pointer SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT Stack Full/Underflow Reset External Reset MCLR MCLRE ( )_IDLE Sleep WDT Time-out VDD Detect VDD Brown-out Reset BOREN OST/PWRT OST(2) 1024 Cycles 10-bit Ripple Counter OSC1 32 s LFINTOSC PWRT(2) 65.5 ms 11-bit Ripple Counter R Q Chip_Reset S POR Enable PWRT Enable OST(1) Note 1: 2: See Table for time-out situations. PWRT and OST counters are reset by POR and BOR. See Sections 4.3 and 4.4. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 59 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 4-1: R/W-0/0 IPEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit `1' = Bit is set x = Bit is unknown bit 7 W = Writable bit `0' = Bit is cleared u = unchanged U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets q = depends on condition RCON: RESET CONTROL REGISTER R/W-q/u U-0 -- R/W-1/q RI R-1/q TO R-1/q PD R/W-q/u POR (2) R/W-0/q BOR bit 0 SBOREN (1) IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit 1 = Enable priority levels on interrupts 0 = Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode) SBOREN: BOR Software Enable bit(1) If BOREN<1:0> = 01: 1 = BOR is enabled 0 = BOR is disabled If BOREN<1:0> = 00, 10 or 11: Bit is disabled and read as `0'. Unimplemented: Read as `0' RI: RESET Instruction Flag bit 1 = The RESET instruction was not executed (set by firmware or Power-on Reset) 0 = The RESET instruction was executed causing a device Reset (must be set in firmware after a code-executed Reset occurs) TO: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit 1 = Set by power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred PD: Power-down Detection Flag bit 1 = Set by power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = Set by execution of the SLEEP instruction POR: Power-on Reset Status bit(2) 1 = No Power-on Reset occurred 0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs) BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit(3) 1 = A Brown-out Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only) 0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set by firmware after a POR or Brown-out Reset occurs) When CONFIG2L[2:1] = 01, then the SBOREN Reset state is `1'; otherwise, it is `0'. The actual Reset value of POR is determined by the type of device Reset. See the notes following this register and Section 4.6 "Reset State of Registers" for additional information. See Table . bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2: 3: Note 1: Brown-out Reset is indicated when BOR is `0' and POR is `1' (assuming that both POR and BOR were set to `1' by firmware immediately after POR). 2: It is recommended that the POR bit be set after a Power-on Reset has been detected so that subsequent Power-on Resets may be detected. DS41412B-page 60 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 4.2 Master Clear (MCLR) FIGURE 4-2: The MCLR pin provides a method for triggering an external Reset of the device. A Reset is generated by holding the pin low. These devices have a noise filter in the MCLR Reset path which detects and ignores small pulses. An internal weak pull-up is enabled when the pin is configured as the MCLR input. The MCLR pin is not driven low by any internal Resets, including the WDT. In PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices, the MCLR input can be disabled with the MCLRE Configuration bit. When MCLR is disabled, the pin becomes a digital input. See Section 10.6 "PORTE Registers" for more information. EXTERNAL POWER-ON RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW VDD POWER-UP) VDD VDD D PIC(R) MCU R R1 C MCLR Note 1: 4.3 Power-on Reset (POR) 2: External Power-on Reset circuit is required only if the VDD power-up slope is too slow. The diode D helps discharge the capacitor quickly when VDD powers down. 15 k < R < 40 k is recommended to make sure that the voltage drop across R does not violate the device's electrical specification. R1 1 k will limit any current flowing into MCLR from external capacitor C, in the event of MCLR/VPP pin breakdown, due to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS). A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip whenever VDD rises above a certain threshold. This allows the device to start in the initialized state when VDD is adequate for operation. To take advantage of the POR circuitry either leave the pin floating, or tie the MCLR pin through a resistor to VDD. This will eliminate external RC components usually needed to create a Power-on Reset delay. A minimum rise rate for VDD is specified. For a slow rise time, see Figure 4-2. When the device starts normal operation (i.e., exits the Reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to ensure proper operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in Reset until the operating conditions are met. POR events are captured by the POR bit of the RCON register. The state of the bit is set to `0' whenever a POR occurs; it does not change for any other Reset event. POR is not reset to `1' by any hardware event. To capture multiple events, the user must manually set the bit to `1' by software following any POR. 3: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 61 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 4.4 Brown-out Reset (BOR) 4.4.2 SOFTWARE ENABLED BOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices implement a BOR circuit that provides the user with a number of configuration and power-saving options. The BOR is controlled by the BORV<1:0> and BOREN<1:0> bits of the CONFIG2L Configuration register. There are a total of four BOR configurations which are summarized in Table 4-1. The BOR threshold is set by the BORV<1:0> bits. If BOR is enabled (any values of BOREN<1:0>, except `00'), any drop of VDD below VBOR for greater than TBOR will reset the device. A Reset may or may not occur if VDD falls below VBOR for less than TBOR. The chip will remain in Brown-out Reset until VDD rises above VBOR. If the Power-up Timer is enabled, it will be invoked after VDD rises above VBOR; it then will keep the chip in Reset for an additional time delay, TPWRT. If VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset and the Power-up Timer will be initialized. Once VDD rises above VBOR, the Power-up Timer will execute the additional time delay. BOR and the Power-on Timer (PWRT) are independently configured. Enabling BOR Reset does not automatically enable the PWRT. The BOR circuit has an output that feeds into the POR circuit and rearms the POR within the operating range of the BOR. This early rearming of the POR ensures that the device will remain in Reset in the event that VDD falls below the operating range of the BOR circuitry. When BOREN<1:0> = 01, the BOR can be enabled or disabled by the user in software. This is done with the SBOREN control bit of the RCON register. Setting SBOREN enables the BOR to function as previously described. Clearing SBOREN disables the BOR entirely. The SBOREN bit operates only in this mode; otherwise it is read as `0'. Placing the BOR under software control gives the user the additional flexibility of tailoring the application to the environment without having to reprogram the device to change BOR configuration. It also allows the user to tailor device power consumption in software by eliminating the incremental current that the BOR consumes. While the BOR current is typically very small, it may have some impact in low-power applications. Note: Even when BOR is under software control, the BOR Reset voltage level is still set by the BORV<1:0> Configuration bits. It cannot be changed by software. 4.4.3 DISABLING BOR IN SLEEP MODE When BOREN<1:0> = 10, the BOR remains under hardware control and operates as previously described. Whenever the device enters Sleep mode, however, the BOR is automatically disabled. When the device returns to any other operating mode, BOR is automatically re-enabled. This mode allows for applications to recover from brown-out situations, while actively executing code, when the device requires BOR protection the most. At the same time, it saves additional power in Sleep mode by eliminating the small incremental BOR current. 4.4.1 DETECTING BOR When BOR is enabled, the BOR bit always resets to `0' on any BOR or POR event. This makes it difficult to determine if a BOR event has occurred just by reading the state of BOR alone. A more reliable method is to simultaneously check the state of both POR and BOR. This assumes that the POR and BOR bits are reset to `1' by software immediately after any POR event. If BOR is `0' while POR is `1', it can be reliably assumed that a BOR event has occurred. 4.4.4 MINIMUM BOR ENABLE TIME Enabling the BOR also enables the Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) when no other peripheral requiring the FVR is active. The BOR becomes active only after the FVR stabilizes. Therefore, to ensure BOR protection, the FVR settling time must be considered when enabling the BOR in software or when the BOR is automatically enabled after waking from Sleep. If the BOR is disabled, in software or by reentering Sleep before the FVR stabilizes, the BOR circuit will not sense a BOR condition. The FVRST bit of the VREFCON0 register can be used to determine FVR stability. DS41412B-page 62 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 4-1: BOR CONFIGURATIONS Status of SBOREN (RCON<6>) Unavailable Available Unavailable Unavailable BOR Operation BOR disabled; must be enabled by reprogramming the Configuration bits. BOR enabled by software; operation controlled by SBOREN. BOR enabled by hardware in Run and Idle modes, disabled during Sleep mode. BOR enabled by hardware; must be disabled by reprogramming the Configuration bits. BOR Configuration BOREN1 0 0 1 1 BOREN0 0 1 0 1 4.5 Device Reset Timers 4.5.3 PLL LOCK TIME-OUT PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices incorporate three separate on-chip timers that help regulate the Poweron Reset process. Their main function is to ensure that the device clock is stable before code is executed. These timers are: * Power-up Timer (PWRT) * Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) * PLL Lock Time-out With the PLL enabled, the time-out sequence following a Power-on Reset is slightly different from other oscillator modes. A separate timer is used to provide a fixed timeout that is sufficient for the PLL to lock to the main oscillator frequency. This PLL lock time-out (TPLL) is typically 2 ms and follows the oscillator start-up time-out. 4.5.4 1. 2. TIME-OUT SEQUENCE On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: After the POR pulse has cleared, PWRT time-out is invoked (if enabled). Then, the OST is activated. 4.5.1 POWER-UP TIMER (PWRT) The Power-up Timer (PWRT) of PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices is an 11-bit counter which uses the LFINTOSC source as the clock input. This yields an approximate time interval of 2048 x 32 s = 65.6 ms. While the PWRT is counting, the device is held in Reset. The power-up time delay depends on the LFINTOSC clock and will vary from chip-to-chip due to temperature and process variation. The PWRT is enabled by clearing the PWRTEN Configuration bit. The total time-out will vary based on oscillator configuration and the status of the PWRT. Figure 4-3, Figure 4-4, Figure 4-5, Figure 4-6 and Figure 4-7 all depict time-out sequences on power-up, with the Power-up Timer enabled and the device operating in HS Oscillator mode. Figures 4-3 through 4-6 also apply to devices operating in XT or LP modes. For devices in RC mode and with the PWRT disabled, on the other hand, there will be no time-out at all. Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR is kept low long enough, all time-outs will expire, after which, bringing MCLR high will allow program execution to begin immediately (Figure 4-5). This is useful for testing purposes or to synchronize more than one PIC(R) MCU device operating in parallel. 4.5.2 OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER (OST) The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides a 1024 oscillator cycle (from OSC1 input) delay after the PWRT delay is over. This ensures that the crystal oscillator or resonator has started and stabilized. The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS modes and only on Power-on Reset, or on exit from all power-managed modes that stop the external oscillator. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 63 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 4-2: TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS Power-up(2) and Brown-out PWRTEN = 0 66 ms (1) Oscillator Configuration HSPLL HS, XT, LP EC, ECIO RC, RCIO INTIO1, INTIO2 PWRTEN = 1 1024 TOSC + 2 ms(2) 1024 TOSC -- -- -- Exit from Power-Managed Mode 1024 TOSC + 2 ms(2) 1024 TOSC -- -- -- + 1024 TOSC + 2 ms(2) 66 ms 66 (1) 66 ms(1) + 1024 TOSC 66 ms(1) ms(1) Note 1: 66 ms (65.5 ms) is the nominal Power-up Timer (PWRT) delay. 2: 2 ms is the nominal time required for the PLL to lock. FIGURE 4-3: VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE < TPWRT) TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT TOST INTERNAL RESET FIGURE 4-4: VDD MCLR TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1 INTERNAL POR TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT TOST INTERNAL RESET DS41412B-page 64 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 4-5: VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2 TOST INTERNAL RESET FIGURE 4-6: SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE > TPWRT) 5V VDD MCLR 0V INTERNAL POR TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT TOST OST TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 65 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 4-7: VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT TOST TPLL TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POR W/PLL ENABLED (MCLR TIED TO VDD) PLL TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET Note: TOST = 1024 clock cycles. TPLL 2 ms max. First three stages of the PWRT timer. DS41412B-page 66 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 4.6 Reset State of Registers Some registers are unaffected by a Reset. Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged by all other Resets. All other registers are forced to a "Reset state" depending on the type of Reset that occurred. Most registers are not affected by a WDT wake-up, since this is viewed as the resumption of normal operation. Status bits from the RCON register, RI, TO, PD, POR and BOR, are set or cleared differently in different Reset situations, as indicated in Table 4-3. These bits are used by software to determine the nature of the Reset. Table 5-2 describes the Reset states for all of the Special Function Registers. The table identifies differences between Power-On Reset (POR)/BrownOut Reset (BOR) and all other Resets, (i.e., Master Clear, WDT Resets, STKFUL, STKUNF, etc.). Additionally, the table identifies register bits that are changed when the device receives a wake-up from WDT or other interrupts. TABLE 4-3: STATUS BITS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND THE INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR RCON REGISTER Program Counter 0000h 0000h 0000h 0000h 0000h 0000h 0000h 0000h 0000h 0000h PC + 2 RCON Register SBOREN 1 u(2) u(2) u(2) u(2) u(2) u(2) u(2) u (2) Condition Power-on Reset RESET Instruction Brown-out Reset MCLR during Power-Managed Run Modes MCLR during Power-Managed Idle Modes and Sleep Mode WDT Time-out during Full Power or Power-Managed Run Mode MCLR during Full Power Execution Stack Full Reset (STVREN = 1) Stack Underflow Reset (STVREN = 1) Stack Underflow Error (not an actual Reset, STVREN = 0) WDT Time-out during Power-Managed Idle or Sleep Modes Interrupt Exit from Power-Managed Modes STKPTR Register POR BOR STKFUL 0 u u u u u u u u u u 0 u 0 u u u u u u u u 0 u u u u u u 1 u u u STKUNF 0 u u u u u u u 1 1 u RI 1 0 1 u u u u u u u u TO 1 u 1 1 1 0 u u u u 0 PD 1 u 1 u 0 u u u u u 0 u(2) u(2) PC + 2(1) u(2) u u 0 u u u u Legend: u = unchanged Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEH or GIEL bits are set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (008h or 0018h). 2: Reset state is `1' for SBOREN and unchanged for all other Resets when software BOR is enabled (BOREN<1:0> Configuration bits = 01). Otherwise, the Reset state is `0'. TABLE 4-4: Name RCON STKPTR REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH RESETS Bit 7 IPEN STKFUL Bit 6 SBOREN STKUNF Bit 5 -- -- Bit 4 RI Bit 3 TO Bit 2 PD STKPTR<4:0> Bit 1 POR Bit 0 BOR Register on Page 60 72 Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for Resets. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 67 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 4-5: Name CONFIG2L CONFIG2H CONFIG3H CONFIG4L CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH RESETS Bit 7 -- -- MCLRE DEBUG Bit 6 -- -- -- XINST P2BMX -- Bit 5 -- Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 PWRTEN CCP2MX STRVEN Register on Page 352 353 354 355 BORV<1:0> WDPS<3:0> T3CMX -- BOREN<1:0> PBADEN -- WDTEN<1:0> LVP HFOFST CCP3MX -- Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for Resets. DS41412B-page 68 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 5.1 Program Memory Organization There are three types of memory in PIC18 Enhanced microcontroller devices: * Program Memory * Data RAM * Data EEPROM As Harvard architecture devices, the data and program memories use separate buses; this allows for concurrent access of the two memory spaces. The data EEPROM, for practical purposes, can be regarded as a peripheral device, since it is addressed and accessed through a set of control registers. Additional detailed information on the operation of the Flash program memory is provided in Section 6.0 "Flash Program Memory". Data EEPROM is discussed separately in Section 7.0 "Data EEPROM Memory". PIC18 microcontrollers implement a 21-bit program counter, which is capable of addressing a 2-Mbyte program memory space. Accessing a location between the upper boundary of the physically implemented memory and the 2-Mbyte address will return all `0's (a NOP instruction). This family of devices contain the following: * PIC18(L)F23K22, PIC18(L)F43K22: 8 Kbytes of Flash Memory, up to 4,096 single-word instructions * PIC18(L)F24K22, PIC18(L)F44K22: 16 Kbytes of Flash Memory, up to 8,192 single-word instructions * PIC18(L)F25K22, PIC18(L)F45K22: 32 Kbytes of Flash Memory, up to 16,384 single-word instructions * PIC18(L)F26K22, PIC18(L)F46K22: 64 Kbytes of Flash Memory, up to 37,768 single-word instructions PIC18 devices have two interrupt vectors. The Reset vector address is at 0000h and the interrupt vector addresses are at 0008h and 0018h. The program memory map for PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices is shown in Figure 5-1. Memory block details are shown in Figure 20-2. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 69 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 5-1: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVICES PC<20:0> CALL,RCALL,RETURN RETFIE,RETLW Stack Level 1 21 Stack Level 31 Reset Vector High Priority Interrupt Vector Low Priority Interrupt Vector On-Chip Program Memory 1FFFh 2000h PIC18(L)F23K22 PIC18(L)F43K22 On-Chip Program Memory 3FFFh 4000h PIC18(L)F24K22 PIC18(L)F44K22 7FFFh 8000h PIC18(L)F25K22 PIC18(L)F45K22 FFFFh 10000h PIC18(L)F26K22 PIC18(L)F46K22 Read `0' 1FFFFFh 200000h On-Chip Program Memory On-Chip Program Memory User Memory Space 0000h 0008h 0018h Read `0' Read `0' Read `0' 5.1.1 PROGRAM COUNTER The Program Counter (PC) specifies the address of the instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 21 bits wide and is contained in three separate 8-bit registers. The low byte, known as the PCL register, is both readable and writable. The high byte, or PCH register, contains the PC<15:8> bits; it is not directly readable or writable. Updates to the PCH register are performed through the PCLATH register. The upper byte is called PCU. This register contains the PC<20:16> bits; it is also not directly readable or writable. Updates to the PCU register are performed through the PCLATU register. The contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are transferred to the program counter by any operation that writes PCL. Similarly, the upper two bytes of the program counter are transferred to PCLATH and PCLATU by an operation that reads PCL. This is useful for computed offsets to the PC (see Section 5.1.4.1 "Computed GOTO"). The PC addresses bytes in the program memory. To prevent the PC from becoming misaligned with word instructions, the Least Significant bit of PCL is fixed to a value of `0'. The PC increments by 2 to address sequential instructions in the program memory. The CALL, RCALL, GOTO and program branch instructions write to the program counter directly. For these instructions, the contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are not transferred to the program counter. 5.1.2 RETURN ADDRESS STACK The return address stack allows any combination of up to 31 program calls and interrupts to occur. The PC is pushed onto the stack when a CALL or RCALL instruction is executed or an interrupt is Acknowledged. The PC value is pulled off the stack on a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction. PCLATU and PCLATH are not affected by any of the RETURN or CALL instructions. The stack operates as a 31-word by 21-bit RAM and a 5-bit Stack Pointer, STKPTR. The stack space is not part of either program or data space. The Stack Pointer is readable and writable and the address on the top of the stack is readable and writable through the Top-ofStack (TOS) Special File Registers. Data can also be pushed to, or popped from the stack, using these registers. DS41412B-page 70 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 A CALL type instruction causes a push onto the stack; the Stack Pointer is first incremented and the location pointed to by the Stack Pointer is written with the contents of the PC (already pointing to the instruction following the CALL). A RETURN type instruction causes a pop from the stack; the contents of the location pointed to by the STKPTR are transferred to the PC and then the Stack Pointer is decremented. The Stack Pointer is initialized to `00000' after all Resets. There is no RAM associated with the location corresponding to a Stack Pointer value of `00000'; this is only a Reset value. Status bits indicate if the stack is full or has overflowed or has underflowed. 5.1.2.1 Top-of-Stack Access Only the top of the return address stack (TOS) is readable and writable. A set of three registers, TOSU:TOSH:TOSL, hold the contents of the stack location pointed to by the STKPTR register (Figure 5-2). This allows users to implement a software stack if necessary. After a CALL, RCALL or interrupt, the software can read the pushed value by reading the TOSU:TOSH:TOSL registers. These values can be placed on a user defined software stack. At return time, the software can return these values to TOSU:TOSH:TOSL and do a return. The user must disable the Global Interrupt Enable (GIE) bits while accessing the stack to prevent inadvertent stack corruption. FIGURE 5-2: RETURN ADDRESS STACK AND ASSOCIATED REGISTERS Return Address Stack <20:0> 11111 11110 11101 Top-of-Stack Registers TOSU 00h TOSH 1Ah TOSL 34h Top-of-Stack 001A34h 000D58h Stack Pointer STKPTR<4:0> 00010 00011 00010 00001 00000 5.1.2.2 Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR) The STKPTR register (Register 5-1) contains the Stack Pointer value, the STKFUL (stack full) Status bit and the STKUNF (Stack Underflow) Status bits. The value of the Stack Pointer can be 0 through 31. The Stack Pointer increments before values are pushed onto the stack and decrements after values are popped off the stack. On Reset, the Stack Pointer value will be zero. The user may read and write the Stack Pointer value. This feature can be used by a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) for return stack maintenance. After the PC is pushed onto the stack 31 times (without popping any values off the stack), the STKFUL bit is set. The STKFUL bit is cleared by software or by a POR. The action that takes place when the stack becomes full depends on the state of the STVREN (Stack Overflow Reset Enable) Configuration bit. (Refer to Section 24.1 "Configuration Bits" for a description of the device Configuration bits.) If STVREN is set (default), the 31st push will push the (PC + 2) value onto the stack, set the STKFUL bit and reset the device. The STKFUL bit will remain set and the Stack Pointer will be set to zero. If STVREN is cleared, the STKFUL bit will be set on the 31st push and the Stack Pointer will increment to 31. Any additional pushes will not overwrite the 31st push and STKPTR will remain at 31. When the stack has been popped enough times to unload the stack, the next pop will return a value of zero to the PC and sets the STKUNF bit, while the Stack Pointer remains at zero. The STKUNF bit will remain set until cleared by software or until a POR occurs. Note: Returning a value of zero to the PC on an underflow has the effect of vectoring the program to the Reset vector, where the stack conditions can be verified and appropriate actions can be taken. This is not the same as a Reset, as the contents of the SFRs are not affected. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 71 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.1.2.3 PUSH and POP Instructions Since the Top-of-Stack is readable and writable, the ability to push values onto the stack and pull values off the stack without disturbing normal program execution is a desirable feature. The PIC18 instruction set includes two instructions, PUSH and POP, that permit the TOS to be manipulated under software control. TOSU, TOSH and TOSL can be modified to place data or a return address on the stack. The PUSH instruction places the current PC value onto the stack. This increments the Stack Pointer and loads the current PC value onto the stack. The POP instruction discards the current TOS by decrementing the Stack Pointer. The previous value pushed onto the stack then becomes the TOS value. REGISTER 5-1: R/C-0 STKFUL bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 (1) STKPTR: STACK POINTER REGISTER R/C-0 U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 STKPTR<4:0> bit 0 R/W-0 R/W-0 STKUNF(1) W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented `0' = Bit is cleared C = Clearable only bit x = Bit is unknown STKFUL: Stack Full Flag bit(1) 1 = Stack became full or overflowed 0 = Stack has not become full or overflowed STKUNF: Stack Underflow Flag bit(1) 1 = Stack Underflow occurred 0 = Stack Underflow did not occur Unimplemented: Read as `0' STKPTR<4:0>: Stack Pointer Location bits Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4-0 Note 1: 5.1.2.4 Stack Full and Underflow Resets Device Resets on Stack Overflow and Stack Underflow conditions are enabled by setting the STVREN bit in Configuration Register 4L. When STVREN is set, a full or underflow will set the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit and then cause a device Reset. When STVREN is cleared, a full or underflow condition will set the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit but not cause a device Reset. The STKFUL or STKUNF bits are cleared by the user software or a Power-on Reset. while servicing a low priority interrupt, the stack register values stored by the low priority interrupt will be overwritten. In these cases, users must save the key registers by software during a low priority interrupt. If interrupt priority is not used, all interrupts may use the fast register stack for returns from interrupt. If no interrupts are used, the fast register stack can be used to restore the Status, WREG and BSR registers at the end of a subroutine call. To use the fast register stack for a subroutine call, a CALL label, FAST instruction must be executed to save the Status, WREG and BSR registers to the fast register stack. A RETURN, FAST instruction is then executed to restore these registers from the fast register stack. Example 5-1 shows a source code example that uses the fast register stack during a subroutine call and return. 5.1.3 FAST REGISTER STACK A fast register stack is provided for the Status, WREG and BSR registers, to provide a "fast return" option for interrupts. The stack for each register is only one level deep and is neither readable nor writable. It is loaded with the current value of the corresponding register when the processor vectors for an interrupt. All interrupt sources will push values into the stack registers. The values in the registers are then loaded back into their associated registers if the RETFIE, FAST instruction is used to return from the interrupt. If both low and high priority interrupts are enabled, the stack registers cannot be used reliably to return from low priority interrupts. If a high priority interrupt occurs DS41412B-page 72 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 EXAMPLE 5-1: CALL SUB1, FAST SUB1 RETURN, FAST FAST REGISTER STACK CODE EXAMPLE ;STATUS, WREG, BSR ;SAVED IN FAST REGISTER ;STACK 5.1.4.2 Table Reads and Table Writes A better method of storing data in program memory allows two bytes of data to be stored in each instruction location. Look-up table data may be stored two bytes per program word by using table reads and writes. The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register specifies the byte address and the Table Latch (TABLAT) register contains the data that is read from or written to program memory. Data is transferred to or from program memory one byte at a time. Table read and table write operations are discussed further in Section 6.1 "Table Reads and Table Writes". ;RESTORE VALUES SAVED ;IN FAST REGISTER STACK 5.1.4 LOOK-UP TABLES IN PROGRAM MEMORY There may be programming situations that require the creation of data structures, or look-up tables, in program memory. For PIC18 devices, look-up tables can be implemented in two ways: * Computed GOTO * Table Reads 5.1.4.1 Computed GOTO A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset to the program counter. An example is shown in Example 5-2. A look-up table can be formed with an ADDWF PCL instruction and a group of RETLW nn instructions. The W register is loaded with an offset into the table before executing a call to that table. The first instruction of the called routine is the ADDWF PCL instruction. The next instruction executed will be one of the RETLW nn instructions that returns the value `nn' to the calling function. The offset value (in WREG) specifies the number of bytes that the program counter should advance and should be multiples of 2 (LSb = 0). In this method, only one data byte may be stored in each instruction location and room on the return address stack is required. EXAMPLE 5-2: MOVF CALL nn00h ADDWF RETLW RETLW RETLW . . . COMPUTED GOTO USING AN OFFSET VALUE OFFSET, W TABLE PCL nnh nnh nnh ORG TABLE 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 73 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.2 5.2.1 PIC18 Instruction Cycle CLOCKING SCHEME 5.2.2 INSTRUCTION FLOW/PIPELINING The microcontroller clock input, whether from an internal or external source, is internally divided by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). Internally, the program counter is incremented on every Q1; the instruction is fetched from the program memory and latched into the instruction register during Q4. The instruction is decoded and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow are shown in Figure 5-3. An "Instruction Cycle" consists of four Q cycles: Q1 through Q4. The instruction fetch and execute are pipelined in such a manner that a fetch takes one instruction cycle, while the decode and execute take another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO), then two cycles are required to complete the instruction (Example 5-3). A fetch cycle begins with the Program Counter (PC) incrementing in Q1. In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write). FIGURE 5-3: OSC1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC OSC2/CLKOUT (RC mode) CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Internal Phase Clock PC PC + 2 PC + 4 Execute INST (PC - 2) Fetch INST (PC) Execute INST (PC) Fetch INST (PC + 2) Execute INST (PC + 2) Fetch INST (PC + 4) EXAMPLE 5-3: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW TCY0 TCY1 Execute 1 Fetch 2 Execute 2 Fetch 3 Execute 3 Fetch 4 Flush (NOP) Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1 TCY2 TCY3 TCY4 TCY5 1. MOVLW 55h 2. MOVWF PORTB 3. BRA 4. BSF SUB_1 Fetch 1 PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP) 5. Instruction @ address SUB_1 All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction is "flushed" from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed. DS41412B-page 74 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.2.3 INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM MEMORY The program memory is addressed in bytes. Instructions are stored as either two bytes or four bytes in program memory. The Least Significant Byte of an instruction word is always stored in a program memory location with an even address (LSb = 0). To maintain alignment with instruction boundaries, the PC increments in steps of 2 and the LSb will always read `0' (see Section 5.1.1 "Program Counter"). Figure 5-4 shows an example of how instruction words are stored in the program memory. The CALL and GOTO instructions have the absolute program memory address embedded into the instruction. Since instructions are always stored on word boundaries, the data contained in the instruction is a word address. The word address is written to PC<20:1>, which accesses the desired byte address in program memory. Instruction #2 in Figure 5-4 shows how the instruction GOTO 0006h is encoded in the program memory. Program branch instructions, which encode a relative address offset, operate in the same manner. The offset value stored in a branch instruction represents the number of single-word instructions that the PC will be offset by. Section 25.0 "Instruction Set Summary" provides further details of the instruction set. FIGURE 5-4: INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM MEMORY LSB = 1 Program Memory Byte Locations LSB = 0 Word Address 000000h 000002h 000004h 000006h 000008h 00000Ah 00000Ch 00000Eh 000010h 000012h 000014h Instruction 1: Instruction 2: Instruction 3: MOVLW GOTO MOVFF 055h 0006h 123h, 456h 0Fh EFh F0h C1h F4h 55h 03h 00h 23h 56h 5.2.4 TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS The standard PIC18 instruction set has four two-word instructions: CALL, MOVFF, GOTO and LSFR. In all cases, the second word of the instruction always has `1111' as its four Most Significant bits; the other 12 bits are literal data, usually a data memory address. The use of `1111' in the 4 MSbs of an instruction specifies a special form of NOP. If the instruction is executed in proper sequence - immediately after the first word - the data in the second word is accessed and used by the instruction sequence. If the first word is skipped for some reason and the second word is executed by itself, a NOP is executed instead. This is necessary for cases when the two-word instruction is preceded by a conditional instruction that changes the PC. Example 5-4 shows how this works. Note: See Section 5.6 "PIC18 Instruction Execution and the Extended Instruction Set" for information on two-word instructions in the extended instruction set. EXAMPLE 5-4: CASE 1: Object Code 0110 0110 0000 1100 0001 0010 1111 0100 0101 0010 0100 0000 CASE 2: Object Code 0110 0110 0000 1100 0001 0010 1111 0100 0101 0010 0100 0000 TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS Source Code TSTFSZ REG1 ; is RAM location 0? MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; No, skip this word ; Execute this word as a NOP ADDWF REG3 ; continue code Source Code TSTFSZ REG1 ; is RAM location 0? MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; Yes, execute this word ; 2nd word of instruction ADDWF REG3 ; continue code 0000 0011 0110 0000 0000 0011 0110 0000 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 75 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.3 Note: Data Memory Organization The operation of some aspects of data memory are changed when the PIC18 extended instruction set is enabled. See Section 5.5 "Data Memory and the Extended Instruction Set" for more information. 5.3.1 BANK SELECT REGISTER (BSR) The data memory in PIC18 devices is implemented as static RAM. Each register in the data memory has a 12-bit address, allowing up to 4096 bytes of data memory. The memory space is divided into as many as 16 banks that contain 256 bytes each. Figures 5-5 through 5-7 show the data memory organization for the PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices. The data memory contains Special Function Registers (SFRs) and General Purpose Registers (GPRs). The SFRs are used for control and status of the controller and peripheral functions, while GPRs are used for data storage and scratchpad operations in the user's application. Any read of an unimplemented location will read as `0's. The instruction set and architecture allow operations across all banks. The entire data memory may be accessed by Direct, Indirect or Indexed Addressing modes. Addressing modes are discussed later in this subsection. To ensure that commonly used registers (SFRs and select GPRs) can be accessed in a single cycle, PIC18 devices implement an Access Bank. This is a 256-byte memory space that provides fast access to SFRs and the lower portion of GPR Bank 0 without using the Bank Select Register (BSR). Section 5.3.2 "Access Bank" provides a detailed description of the Access RAM. Large areas of data memory require an efficient addressing scheme to make rapid access to any address possible. Ideally, this means that an entire address does not need to be provided for each read or write operation. For PIC18 devices, this is accomplished with a RAM banking scheme. This divides the memory space into 16 contiguous banks of 256 bytes. Depending on the instruction, each location can be addressed directly by its full 12-bit address, or an 8-bit low-order address and a 4-bit Bank Pointer. Most instructions in the PIC18 instruction set make use of the Bank Pointer, known as the Bank Select Register (BSR). This SFR holds the 4 Most Significant bits of a location's address; the instruction itself includes the 8 Least Significant bits. Only the four lower bits of the BSR are implemented (BSR<3:0>). The upper four bits are unused; they will always read `0' and cannot be written to. The BSR can be loaded directly by using the MOVLB instruction. The value of the BSR indicates the bank in data memory; the 8 bits in the instruction show the location in the bank and can be thought of as an offset from the bank's lower boundary. The relationship between the BSR's value and the bank division in data memory is shown in Figures 5-5 through 5-7. Since up to 16 registers may share the same low-order address, the user must always be careful to ensure that the proper bank is selected before performing a data read or write. For example, writing what should be program data to an 8-bit address of F9h while the BSR is 0Fh will end up resetting the program counter. While any bank can be selected, only those banks that are actually implemented can be read or written to. Writes to unimplemented banks are ignored, while reads from unimplemented banks will return `0's. Even so, the STATUS register will still be affected as if the operation was successful. The data memory maps in Figures 5-5 through 5-7 indicate which banks are implemented. In the core PIC18 instruction set, only the MOVFF instruction fully specifies the 12-bit address of the source and target registers. This instruction ignores the BSR completely when it executes. All other instructions include only the low-order address as an operand and must use either the BSR or the Access Bank to locate their target registers. DS41412B-page 76 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 5-5: BSR<3:0> = 0000 = 0001 = 0010 00h Bank 0 FFh 00h Bank 1 Bank 2 FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h Unused Read 00h DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18(L)F23K22 AND PIC18(L)F43K22 DEVICES Data Memory Map Access RAM GPR GPR 1FFh 200h 2FFh 300h 3FFh 400h 4FFh 500h 5FFh 600h 6FFh 700h 7FFh 800h 8FFh 900h 9FFh A00h AFFh B00h BFFh C00h CFFh D00h DFFh E00h EFFh F00h F37h F38h F5Fh F60h Access Bank 5Fh Access RAM High 60h (SFRs) FFh Access RAM Low 00h 000h 05Fh 060h 0FFh 100h When `a' = 0: The BSR is ignored and the Access Bank is used. The first 96 bytes are general purpose RAM (from Bank 0). The second 160 bytes are Special Function Registers (from Bank 15). When `a' = 1: The BSR specifies the Bank used by the instruction. = 0011 Bank 3 = 0100 = 0101 Bank 4 Bank 5 = 0110 Bank 6 = 0111 Bank 7 = 1000 = 1001 Bank 8 Bank 9 = 1010 = 1011 = 1100 = 1101 Bank 10 Bank 11 Bank 12 FFh Bank 13 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h Bank 15 = 1110 Bank 14 = 1111 Unused SFR(1) Note 1: SFR FFh FFFh Addresses F38h through F5Fh are also used by SFRs, but are not part of the Access RAM. Users must always use the complete address or load the proper BSR value to access these registers. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 77 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 5-6: BSR<3:0> = 0000 = 0001 = 0010 00h Bank 0 FFh 00h Bank 1 Bank 2 FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h 2FFh 300h 3FFh 400h 4FFh 500h 5FFh 600h 6FFh 700h 7FFh 800h 8FFh 900h 9FFh A00h AFFh B00h BFFh C00h CFFh D00h DFFh E00h EFFh F00h F37h F38h F5Fh F60h Access Bank 5Fh Access RAM High 60h (SFRs) FFh Access RAM Low 00h When `a' = 1: The BSR specifies the Bank used by the instruction. DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18(L)F24K22 AND PIC18(L)F44K22 DEVICES Data Memory Map Access RAM GPR GPR 1FFh 200h 000h 05Fh 060h 0FFh 100h When `a' = 0: The BSR is ignored and the Access Bank is used. The first 96 bytes are general purpose RAM (from Bank 0). The second 160 bytes are Special Function Registers (from Bank 15). = 0011 Bank 3 = 0100 = 0101 Bank 4 Bank 5 = 0110 Bank 6 = 0111 Bank 7 = 1000 = 1001 Bank 8 Bank 9 Unused Read 00h = 1010 Bank 10 = 1011 Bank 11 = 1100 Bank 12 = 1101 FFh Bank 13 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h Bank 15 = 1110 Bank 14 = 1111 Unused SFR(1) Note 1: SFR FFh FFFh Addresses F38h through F5Fh are also used by SFRs, but are not part of the Access RAM. Users must always use the complete address or load the proper BSR value to access these registers. DS41412B-page 78 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 5-7: BSR<3:0> = 0000 = 0001 = 0010 00h Bank 0 FFh 00h Bank 1 Bank 2 FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h 5FFh 600h 6FFh 700h 7FFh 800h 8FFh 900h 9FFh A00h AFFh B00h BFFh C00h CFFh D00h DFFh E00h EFFh F00h F37h F38h F5Fh F60h Access Bank 5Fh Access RAM High 60h (SFRs) FFh Access RAM Low 00h 4FFh 500h 3FFh 400h 2FFh 300h When `a' = 1: The BSR specifies the Bank used by the instruction. DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18(L)F25K22 AND PIC18(L)F45K22 DEVICES Data Memory Map Access RAM GPR GPR 1FFh 200h 000h 05Fh 060h 0FFh 100h When `a' = 0: The BSR is ignored and the Access Bank is used. The first 96 bytes are general purpose RAM (from Bank 0). The second 160 bytes are Special Function Registers (from Bank 15). = 0011 Bank 3 = 0100 = 0101 Bank 4 Bank 5 = 0110 Bank 6 = 0111 Bank 7 = 1000 = 1001 Bank 8 Bank 9 = 1010 Bank 10 Unused Read 00h = 1011 Bank 11 = 1100 Bank 12 = 1101 FFh Bank 13 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h Bank 15 = 1110 Bank 14 = 1111 Unused SFR(1) Note 1: SFR FFh FFFh Addresses F38h through F5Fh are also used by SFRs, but are not part of the Access RAM. Users must always use the complete address or load the proper BSR value to access these registers. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 79 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 5-8: BSR<3:0> = 0000 = 0001 = 0010 00h Bank 0 FFh 00h Bank 1 Bank 2 FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h FFh 00h AFFh B00h GPR BFFh C00h GPR CFFh D00h GPR DFFh E00h GPR F00h F37h F38h F5Fh F60h 8FFh 900h GPR 9FFh A00h 7FFh 800h 6FFh 700h 5FFh 600h Access Bank 5Fh Access RAM High 60h (SFRs) FFh Access RAM Low 00h 4FFh 500h 3FFh 400h 2FFh 300h When `a' = 1: The BSR specifies the Bank used by the instruction. DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18(L)F26K22 AND PIC18(L)F46K22 DEVICES Data Memory Map Access RAM GPR GPR 1FFh 200h 000h 05Fh 060h 0FFh 100h When `a' = 0: The BSR is ignored and the Access Bank is used. The first 96 bytes are general purpose RAM (from Bank 0). The second 160 bytes are Special Function Registers (from Bank 15). = 0011 Bank 3 = 0100 = 0101 Bank 4 Bank 5 = 0110 Bank 6 = 0111 Bank 7 = 1000 = 1001 Bank 8 Bank 9 = 1010 Bank 10 = 1011 Bank 11 = 1100 Bank 12 = 1101 FFh Bank 13 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h Bank 15 = 1110 Bank 14 = 1111 GPR SFR(1) Note 1: SFR FFh FFFh Addresses F38h through F5Fh are also used by SFRs, but are not part of the Access RAM. Users must always use the complete address or load the proper BSR value to access these registers. DS41412B-page 80 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 5-9: 7 USE OF THE BANK SELECT REGISTER (DIRECT ADDRESSING) BSR(1) 0 000h 100h 200h 300h Bank 2 Data Memory 00h Bank 0 Bank 1 FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h 7 From Opcode(2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bank Select(2) Bank 3 through Bank 13 E00h Bank 14 F00h FFFh Note 1: 2: Bank 15 FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh The Access RAM bit of the instruction can be used to force an override of the selected bank (BSR<3:0>) to the registers of the Access Bank. The MOVFF instruction embeds the entire 12-bit address in the instruction. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 81 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.3.2 ACCESS BANK 5.3.3 While the use of the BSR with an embedded 8-bit address allows users to address the entire range of data memory, it also means that the user must always ensure that the correct bank is selected. Otherwise, data may be read from or written to the wrong location. This can be disastrous if a GPR is the intended target of an operation, but an SFR is written to instead. Verifying and/or changing the BSR for each read or write to data memory can become very inefficient. To streamline access for the most commonly used data memory locations, the data memory is configured with an Access Bank, which allows users to access a mapped block of memory without specifying a BSR. The Access Bank consists of the first 96 bytes of memory (00h-5Fh) in Bank 0 and the last 160 bytes of memory (60h-FFh) in Block 15. The lower half is known as the "Access RAM" and is composed of GPRs. This upper half is also where the device's SFRs are mapped. These two areas are mapped contiguously in the Access Bank and can be addressed in a linear fashion by an 8-bit address (Figures 5-5 through 5-7). The Access Bank is used by core PIC18 instructions that include the Access RAM bit (the `a' parameter in the instruction). When `a' is equal to `1', the instruction uses the BSR and the 8-bit address included in the opcode for the data memory address. When `a' is `0', however, the instruction is forced to use the Access Bank address map; the current value of the BSR is ignored entirely. Using this "forced" addressing allows the instruction to operate on a data address in a single cycle, without updating the BSR first. For 8-bit addresses of 60h and above, this means that users can evaluate and operate on SFRs more efficiently. The Access RAM below 60h is a good place for data values that the user might need to access rapidly, such as immediate computational results or common program variables. Access RAM also allows for faster and more code efficient context saving and switching of variables. The mapping of the Access Bank is slightly different when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST Configuration bit = 1). This is discussed in more detail in Section 5.5.3 "Mapping the Access Bank in Indexed Literal Offset Mode". GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE PIC18 devices may have banked memory in the GPR area. This is data RAM, which is available for use by all instructions. GPRs start at the bottom of Bank 0 (address 000h) and grow upwards towards the bottom of the SFR area. GPRs are not initialized by a Power-on Reset and are unchanged on all other Resets. 5.3.4 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers used by the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling the desired operation of the device. These registers are implemented as static RAM. SFRs start at the top of data memory (FFFh) and extend downward to occupy the top portion of Bank 15 (F38h to FFFh). A list of these registers is given in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2. The SFRs can be classified into two sets: those associated with the "core" device functionality (ALU, Resets and interrupts) and those related to the peripheral functions. The Reset and interrupt registers are described in their respective chapters, while the ALU's STATUS register is described later in this section. Registers related to the operation of a peripheral feature are described in the chapter for that peripheral. The SFRs are typically distributed among the peripherals whose functions they control. Unused SFR locations are unimplemented and read as `0's. DS41412B-page 82 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 5-1: Address FFFh FFEh FFDh FFCh FFBh FFAh FF9h FF8h FF7h FF6h FF5h FF4h FF3h FF2h FF1h FF0h FEFh FEEh FECh FEBh FEAh FE9h FE8h FE7h FE6h FE4h FE3h FE2h FE1h FE0h FDFh SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER MAP FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVICES Name TOSU TOSH TOSL Address FD7h FD6h FD5h FD4h FD3h FD2h FD1h FD0h FCFh FCEh FCDh FCCh FCAh FC9h FC8h FC7h Name TMR0H TMR0L T0CON --(2) OSCCON OSCCON2 WDTCON RCON TMR1H TMR1L T1CON T1GCON SSP1MSK SSP1BUF SSP1ADD SSP1STAT Address FAFh FAEh FADh FACh FABh FAAh FA9h FA8h FA7h FA6h FA5h FA4h FA3h FA2h FA1h FA0h F9Fh F9Eh F9Dh F9Ch F9Bh F9Ah F99h F98h F97h F96h F95h F94h F93h F92h F91h F90h F8Fh F8Eh F8Dh F8Ch F8Bh F8Ah F89h F88h Name SPBRG1 RCREG1 TXREG1 TXSTA1 RCSTA1 EEADRH(4) EEADR EEDATA EECON2 IPR3 PIR3 PIE3 IPR2 PIR2 PIE2 IPR1 PIR1 PIE1 HLVDCON OSCTUNE --(2) --(2) --(2) --(2) TRISE TRISD(3) TRISC TRISB TRISA --(2) --(2) -- (2) (1) Address F87h F86h F85h F84h F83h F82h F81h F80h F7Fh F7Eh F7Dh F7Ch F7Bh F7Ah F79h F78h F77h F76h F75h F74h F73h F72h F71h F70h F6Fh F6Eh F6Dh F6Ch F6Bh F6Ah F69h F68h F67h F66h F65h F64h F63h F62h F61h F60h Name -- (2) Address F5Fh F5Eh F5Dh F5Ch F5Bh F5Ah F59h F58h F57h F56h F55h F54h F53h F52h F51h F50h F4Fh F4Eh F4Dh F4Ch F4Bh F4Ah F49h F48h F47h F46h F45h F44h F43h F42h F41h F40h F3Fh F3Eh F3Dh F3Ch F3Bh F3Ah F39h F38h Name CCPR3H CCPR3L CCP3CON PWM3CON ECCP3AS PSTR3CON CCPR4H CCPR4L CCP4CON CCPR5H CCPR5L CCP5CON TMR4 PR4 T4CON TMR5H TMR5L T5CON T5GCON TMR6 PR6 T6CON CCPTMRS0 CCPTMRS1 SRCON0 SRCON1 CTMUCONH CTMUCONL CTMUICON VREFCON0 VREFCON1 VREFCON2 PMD0 PMD1 PMD2 ANSELE ANSELD ANSELC ANSELB ANSELA --(2) --(2) PORTE PORTD(3) PORTC PORTB PORTA IPR5 PIR5 PIE5 IPR4 PIR4 PIE4 CM1CON0 CM2CON0 CM2CON1 SPBRGH2 SPBRG2 RCREG2 TXREG2 TXSTA2 RCSTA2 BAUDCON2 SSP2BUF SSP2ADD SSP2STAT SSP2CON1 SSP2CON2 SSP2MSK SSP2CON3 CCPR2H CCPR2L CCP2CON PWM2CON ECCP2AS PSTR2CON IOCB WPUB SLRCON STKPTR PCLATU PCLATH PCL TBLPTRU TBLPTRH TBLPTRL TABLAT PRODH PRODL INTCON INTCON2 INTCON3 INDF0(1) POSTINC0(1) PREINC0(1) PLUSW0 FSR0L WREG INDF1(1) POSTINC1(1) PREINC1(1) PLUSW1(1) FSR1H FSR1L BSR INDF2 (1) (1) EECON1 FCBh SSP1CON3 FC6h SSP1CON1 FC5h SSP1CON2 FC4h FC3h FC2h FC1h FC0h FBFh FBEh FBDh FBCh FBBh FBAh ADRESH ADRESL ADCON0 ADCON1 ADCON2 CCPR1H CCPR1L CCP1CON TMR2 PR2 T2CON FEDh POSTDEC0(1) FSR0H FE5h POSTDEC1(1) FB9h PSTR1CON FB8h BAUDCON1 FB7h PWM1CON FB6h FB5h FB4h FB3h FB2h FB1h FB0h ECCP1AS --(2) T3GCON TMR3H TMR3L T3CON SPBRGH1 FDEh POSTINC2(1) FDDh POSTDEC2(1) FDCh FDBh FDAh FD9h FD8h Note 1: 2: 3: 4: PREINC2(1) PLUSW2 FSR2L STATUS (1) --(2) LATE(3) LATD(3) LATC LATB LATA --(2) FSR2H This is not a physical register. Unimplemented registers are read as `0'. PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F26K22 and PIC18(L)F46K22 devices only. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 83 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 5-2: Address FFFh FFEh FFDh FFCh FFBh FFAh FF9h FF8h FF7h FF6h FF5h FF4h FF3h FF2h FF1h FF0h FEFh FEEh FEDh FECh FEBh FEAh FE9h FE8h FE7h FE6h FE5h FE4h FE3h FE2h FE1h FE0h FDFh FDEh FDDh FDCh FDBh FDAh FD9h FD8h FD7h FD6h FD5h FD3h FD2h Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Name TOSU TOSH TOSL STKPTR PCLATU PCLATH PCL TBLPTRU TBLPTRH TBLPTRL TABLAT PRODH PRODL INTCON INTCON2 INTCON3 INDF0 POSTINC0 POSTDEC0 PREINC0 PLUSW0 FSR0H FSR0L WREG INDF1 POSTINC1 POSTDEC1 PREINC1 PLUSW1 FSR1H FSR1L BSR INDF2 POSTINC2 POSTDEC2 PREINC2 PLUSW2 FSR2H FSR2L STATUS TMR0H TMR0L T0CON OSCCON OSCCON2 TMR0ON IDLEN PLLRDY SOSCRUN T08BIT T0CS IRCF<2:0> -- MFIOSEL -- -- -- -- GIE/GIEH RBPU INT2IP PEIE/GIEL INTEDG0 INT1IP TMR0IE INTEDG1 -- -- -- STKFUL -- STKUNF -- -- -- REGISTER FILE SUMMARY FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVICES Bit 7 -- Bit 6 -- Bit 5 -- Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR ---0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00-0 0000 ---0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 --00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx TMR0IF TMR0IP -- INT0IF -- INT2IF RBIF RBIP INT1IF 0000 000x 1111 -1-1 11-0 0-00 ---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx ---- ---- Top-of-Stack, Upper Byte (TOS<20:16>) Top-of-Stack, High Byte (TOS<15:8>) Top-of-Stack, Low Byte (TOS<7:0>) STKPTR<4:0> Holding Register for PC<20:16> Holding Register for PC<15:8> Holding Register for PC<7:0> Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte(TBLPTR<21:16>) Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte(TBLPTR<15:8>) Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte(TBLPTR<7:0>) Program Memory Table Latch Product Register, High Byte Product Register, Low Byte INT0IE INTEDG2 INT2IE RBIE -- INT1IE Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory - value of FSR0 not changed (not a physical register) Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory - value of FSR0 post-incremented (not a physical register) Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory - value of FSR0 post-decremented (not a physical register) Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory - value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory - value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) - value of FSR0 offset by W -- -- -- -- Working Register Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory - value of FSR1 not changed (not a physical register) Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0, High Byte Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0, Low Byte Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory - value of FSR1 post-incremented (not a physical register) ---- ---Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory - value of FSR1 post-decremented (not a physical register) ---- ---Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory - value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory - value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) - value of FSR1 offset by W -- -- -- -- -- -- Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1, High Byte Bank Select Register Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1, Low Byte Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory - value of FSR2 not changed (not a physical register) ---- ------- ------- 0000 xxxx xxxx ---- 0000 ---- ---- Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory - value of FSR2 post-incremented (not a physical register) ---- ---Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory - value of FSR2 post-decremented (not a physical register) ---- ---Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory - value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) ---- ---Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory - value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) - value of FSR2 offset by W -- -- -- -- -- N Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2, High Byte OV Z DC C Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2, Low Byte Timer0 Register, High Byte Timer0 Register, Low Byte T0SE PSA OSTS SOSCGO HFIOFS PRISD T0PS<2:0> SCS<1:0> MFIOFS LFIOFS ---- ------- 0000 xxxx xxxx ---x xxxx 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 0011 q000 00-0 01x0 x = unknown, u = unchanged, -- = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F23/24K22 and PIC18(L)F43/44K22 devices only. PIC18(L)F26K22 and PIC18(L)F46K22 devices only. DS41412B-page 84 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 5-2: Address FD1h FD0h FCFh FCEh FCDh FCCh FCBh FCAh FC9h FC8h FC7h FC6h FC5h FC4h FC3h FC2h FC1h FC0h FBFh FBEh FBDh FBCh FBBh FBAh FB9h FB8h FB7h FB6h FB4h FB3h FB2h FB1h FB0h FAFh FAEh FADh FACh FABh FAAh FA9h FA8h FA7h FA6h FA5h FA4h FA3h Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Name WDTCON RCON TMR1H TMR1L T1CON T1GCON SSP1CON3 SSP1MSK SSP1BUF SSP1ADD SSP1STAT SSP1CON1 SSP1CON2 ADRESH ADRESL ADCON0 ADCON1 ADCON2 CCPR1H CCPR1L CCP1CON TMR2 PR2 T2CON PSTR1CON BAUDCON1 PWM1CON ECCP1AS T3GCON TMR3H TMR3L T3CON SPBRGH1 SPBRG1 RCREG1 TXREG1 TXSTA1 RCSTA1 EEADRH(5) EEADR EEDATA EECON2 EECON1 IPR3 PIR3 PIE3 EEPGD SSP2IP SSP2IF SSP2IE CFGS BCL2IP BCL2IF BCL2IE -- RC2IP RC2IF RC2IE CSRC SPEN -- TX9 RX9 -- TMR3CS<1:0> -- -- ABDOVF P1RSEN CCP1ASE TMR3GE T3GPOL CCP1AS<2:0> T3GTM T3GSPM -- RCIDL -- DTRXP P1M<1:0> -- TRIGSEL ADFM -- -- -- SMP WCOL GCEN CKE SSPOV ACKSTAT TMR1CS<1:0> TMR1GE ACKTIM T1GPOL PCIE T1GTM SCIE REGISTER FILE SUMMARY FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVICES Bit 7 -- IPEN Bit 6 -- SBOREN Bit 5 -- -- Bit 4 -- RI Bit 3 -- TO Bit 2 -- PD Bit 1 -- POR Bit 0 SWDTEN BOR Value on POR, BOR ---- ---0 01-1 1100 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx T1SYNC T1GVAL SBCDE T1RD16 TMR1ON 0000 0000 0000 xx00 0000 0000 1111 1111 xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 SEN 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx GO/DONE PVCFG<1:0> ADCS<2:0> ADON --00 0000 0--- 0000 0-00 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 TMR2ON STR1D BRG16 P1DC<6:0> P1SSAC<1:0> T3GGO/ DONE T3GVAL P1SSBD<1:0> T3GSS STR1C -- T2CKPS<1:0> STR1B WUE STR1A ABDEN -000 0000 ---0 0001 0100 0-00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0x00 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx T3SYNC T3RD16 TMR3ON 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 BRGH FERR -- TRMT OERR TX9D RX9D 0000 0010 0000 000x ---- --00 0000 0000 0000 0000 ---- --00 WR TMR3GIP TMR3GIF TMR3GIE RD TMR1GIP TMR1GIF TMR1GIE xx-0 x000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 WREN TMR5GIP TMR5GIF TMR5GIE NVCFG<1:0> R/W SSPM<3:0> RCEN PEN RSEN UA BF T1GSS<1:0> AHEN DHEN Timer1 Register, High Byte Timer1 Register, Low Byte T1CKPS<1:0> T1GSPM BOEN T1SOSCEN T1GGO/ DONE SDAHT SSP1 MASK Register bits SSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register SSP1 Address Register in I2C Slave Mode. SSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register in I2C Master Mode D/A SSPEN ACKDT P CKP ACKEN A/D Result, High Byte A/D Result, Low Byte CHS<4:0> -- ACQT<2:0> Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1, High Byte Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1, Low Byte DC1B<1:0> Timer2 Register Timer2 Period Register T2OUTPS<3:0> STR1SYNC CKTXP CCP1M<3:0> S Timer3 Register, High Byte Timer3 Register, Low Byte T3CKPS<1:0> T3SOSCEN EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Receive Register EUSART1 Transmit Register TXEN SREN -- SYNC CREN -- SENDB ADDEN -- EEADR<9:8> EEADR<7:0> EEPROM Data Register EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) FREE TX2IP TX2IF TX2IE WRERR CTMUIP CTMUIF CTMUIE x = unknown, u = unchanged, -- = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F23/24K22 and PIC18(L)F43/44K22 devices only. PIC18(L)F26K22 and PIC18(L)F46K22 devices only. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 85 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 5-2: Address FA2h FA1h FA0h F9Fh F9Eh F9Dh F9Ch F9Bh F96h F95h F94h F93h F92h F8Dh F8Ch F8Bh F8Ah F89h F84h F83h F82h F81h F80h F7Fh F7Eh F7Dh F7Ch F7Bh F7Ah F79h F78h F77h F76h F75h F74h F73h F72h F71h F70h F6Fh F6Eh F6Dh F6Ch F6Bh F6Ah F69h Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Name IPR2 PIR2 PIE2 IPR1 PIR1 PIE1 HLVDCON OSCTUNE TRISE TRISD(1) TRISC TRISB TRISA LATE(1) LATD(1) LATC LATB LATA PORTE(2) PORTE(1) PORTD(1) PORTC PORTB PORTA IPR5 PIR5 PIE5 IPR4 PIR4 PIE4 CM1CON0 CM2CON0 CM2CON1 SPBRGH2 SPBRG2 RCREG2 TXREG2 TXSTA2 RCSTA2 BAUDCON2 SSP2BUF SSP2ADD SSP2STAT SSP2CON1 SSP2CON2 SSP2MSK SSP2CON3 ACKTIM PCIE SCIE SMP WCOL GCEN CKE SSPOV ACKSTAT CSRC SPEN ABDOVF TX9 RX9 RCIDL REGISTER FILE SUMMARY FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVICES Bit 7 OSCFIP OSCFIF OSCFIE -- -- -- VDIRMAG INTSRC WPUE3 TRISD7 TRISC7 TRISB7 TRISA7 -- LATD7 LATC7 LATB7 LATA7 -- -- RD7 RC7 RB7 RA7 -- -- -- -- -- -- C1ON C2ON MC1OUT Bit 6 C1IP C1IF C1IE ADIP ADIF ADIE BGVST PLLEN -- TRISD6 TRISC6 TRISB6 TRISA6 -- LATD6 LATC6 LATB6 LATA6 -- -- RD6 RC6 RB6 RA6 -- -- -- -- -- -- C1OUT C2OUT MC2OUT -- TRISD5 TRISC5 TRISB5 TRISA5 -- LATD5 LATC5 LATB5 LATA5 -- -- RD5 RC5 RB5 RA5 -- -- -- -- -- -- C1OE C2OE C1RSEL -- TRISD4 TRISC4 TRISB4 TRISA4 -- LATD4 LATC4 LATB4 LATA4 -- -- RD4 RC4 RB4 RA4 -- -- -- -- -- -- C1POL C2POL C2RSEL -- TRISD3 TRISC3 TRISB3 TRISA3 -- LATD3 LATC3 LATB3 LATA3 RE3 RE3 RD3 RC3 RB3 RA3 -- -- -- -- -- -- C1SP C2SP C1HYS Bit 5 C2IP C2IF C2IE RC1IP RC1IF RC1IE IRVST Bit 4 EEIP EEIF EEIE TX1IP TX1IF TX1IE HLVDEN TUN<5:0> TRISE2(1) TRISD2 TRISC2 TRISB2 TRISA2 LATE2 LATD2 LATC2 LATB2 LATA2 -- RE2 RD2 RC2 RB2 RA2 TMR6IP TMR6IF TMR6IE CCP5IP CCP5IF CCP5IE C1R C2R C2HYS TRISE1(1) TRISD1 TRISC1 TRISB1 TRISA1 LATE1 LATD1 LATC1 LATB1 LATA1 -- RE1 RD1 RC1 RB1 RA1 TMR5IP TMR5IF TMR5IE CCP4IP CCP4IF CCP4IE TRISE0(1) TRISD0 TRISC0 TRISB0 TRISA0 LATE0 LATD0 LATC0 LATB0 LATA0 -- RE0 RD0 RC0 RB0 RA0 TMR4IP TMR4IF TMR4IE CCP3IP CCP3IF CCP3IE Bit 3 BCL1IP BCL1IF BCL1IE SSP1IP SSP1IF SSP1IE Bit 2 HLVDIP HLVDIF HLVDIE CCP1IP CCP1IF CCP1IE Bit 1 TMR3IP TMR3IF TMR3IE TMR2IP TMR2IF TMR2IE Bit 0 CCP2IP CCP2IF CCP2IE TMR1IP TMR1IF TMR1IE Value on POR, BOR 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 -111 1111 -000 0000 -000 0000 0000 0000 00xx xxxx 1--- -111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 ---- -xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx ---- x------ x000 0000 0000 0000 00xx xxx0 0000 xx0x 0000 ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -000 0000 1000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 BRGH FERR -- TRMT OERR WUE TX9D RX9D ABDEN 0000 0010 0000 000x 01x0 0-00 xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 BF SEN DHEN 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 SBCDE AHEN 0000 0000 R/W SSPM<3:0> RCEN SDAHT PEN RSEN UA HLVDL<3:0> C1CH<1:0> C2CH<1:0> C1SYNC C2SYNC EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Receive Register EUSART2 Transmit Register TXEN SREN DTRXP SYNC CREN CKTXP SENDB ADDEN BRG16 SSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register SSP2 Address Register in I2C Slave Mode. SSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register in I2C Master Mode D/A SSPEN ACKDT P CKP ACKEN BOEN SSP1 MASK Register bits S x = unknown, u = unchanged, -- = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F23/24K22 and PIC18(L)F43/44K22 devices only. PIC18(L)F26K22 and PIC18(L)F46K22 devices only. DS41412B-page 86 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 5-2: Address F68h F67h F66h F65h F64h F63h F62h F61h F60h F5Fh F5Eh F5Dh F5Ch F5Bh F5Ah F59h F58h F57h F56h F55h F54h F53h F52h F51h F50h F4Fh F4Eh F4Dh F4Ch F4Bh F4Ah F49h F48h F47h F46h F45h F44h F43h F42h F41h F40h F3Fh F3Eh F3Dh F3Ch F3Bh Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Name CCPR2H CCPR2L CCP2CON PWM2CON ECCP2AS PSTR2CON IOCB WPUB SLRCON(2) SLRCON(1) CCPR3H CCPR3L CCP3CON PWM3CON ECCP3AS PSTR3CON CCPR4H CCPR4L CCP4CON CCPR5H CCPR5L CCP5CON TMR4 PR4 T4CON TMR5H TMR5L T5CON T5GCON TMR6 PR6 T6CON CCPTMRS0 CCPTMRS1 SRCON0 SRCON1 CTMUCONH CTMUCONL CTMUICON VREFCON0 VREFCON1 VREFCON2 PMD0 PMD1 PMD2 ANSELE(1) ANSELD(1) FVREN DACEN -- UART2MD MSSP2MD -- -- ANSD7 FVRST DACLPS -- UART1MD MSSP1MD -- -- ANSD6 -- TMR6MD -- -- -- ANSD5 TMR5MD CCP5MD -- -- ANSD4 TMR4MD CCP4MD CTMUMD -- ANSD3 -- C3TSEL<1:0> -- SRLEN SRSPE CTMUEN EDG2POL SRSCKE -- -- -- -- SRCLK<2:0> SRSC2E CTMUSIDL SRSC1E TGEN EDG1POL ITRIM<5:0> FVRS<1:0> DACOE -- -- -- DACR<4:0> TMR3MD CCP3MD CMP2MD ANSE2 ANSD2 TMR2MD CCP2MD CMP1MD ANSE1 ANSD1 TMR1MD CCP1MD ADCMD ANSE0 ANSD0 -- -- DACPSS<1:0> TMR5CS<1:0> TMR5GE T5GPOL T5GTM -- -- -- -- -- P3M<1:0> P3RSEN CCP3ASE -- -- CCP3AS<2:0> -- STR3SYNC P2M<1:0> P2RSEN CCP2ASE -- IOCB7 WPUB7 -- -- -- IOCB6 WPUB6 -- -- CCP2AS<2:0> -- IOCB5 WPUB5 -- -- STR2SYNC IOCB4 WPUB4 -- SLRE REGISTER FILE SUMMARY FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVICES Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx CCP2M<3:0> P2DC<6:0> P2SSAC<1:0> STR2D -- WPUB3 -- SLRD STR2C -- WPUB2 SLRC SLRC P2SSBD<1:0> STR2B -- WPUB1 SLRB SLRB STR2A -- WPUB0 SLRA SLRA 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ---0 0001 1111 ---1111 1111 ---- -111 ---1 1111 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0000 0000 P3SSBD<1:0> STR3B STR3A 0000 0000 ---0 0001 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx --00 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx --00 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 TMR4ON T4CKPS<1:0> -000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 T5SYNC T5GVAL T5RD16 TMR5ON 0000 0000 0000 0x00 0000 0000 1111 1111 TMR6ON -- C5TSEL<1:0> SRQEN SRRPE EDGEN SRNQEN SRRCKE EDGSEQEN T6CKPS<1:0> C1TSEL<1:0> C4TSEL<1:0> SRPS SRRC2E IDISSEN SRPR SRRC1E CTTRIG -000 0000 00-0 0-00 ---- 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 -- DACNSS 0001 ---000- 00-0 ---0 0000 0000 0000 00-0 0000 ---- 0000 ---- -111 1111 1111 T5GSS STR3C Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2, High Byte Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2, Low Byte DC2B<1:0> Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3, High Byte Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3, Low Byte DC3B<1:0> P3DC<6:0> P3SSAC<1:0> STR3D CCP3M<3:0> Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4, High Byte Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4, Low Byte DC4B<1:0> CCP4M<3:0> Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5, High Byte Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5, Low Byte DC5B<1:0> Timer4 Register Timer4 Period Register T4OUTPS<3:0> Timer5 Register, High Byte Timer5 Register, Low Byte T5CKPS<1:0> T5GSPM Timer6 Register Timer6 Period Register T6OUTPS<3:0> C2TSEL<1:0> -- T5SOSCEN T5GGO/ DONE CCP5M<3:0> EDG2SEL<1:0> EDG1SEL<1:0> EDG2STAT EDG1STAT IRNG<1:0> x = unknown, u = unchanged, -- = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F23/24K22 and PIC18(L)F43/44K22 devices only. PIC18(L)F26K22 and PIC18(L)F46K22 devices only. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 87 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 5-2: Address F3Ah F39h F38h Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Name ANSELC ANSELB ANSELA REGISTER FILE SUMMARY FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVICES Bit 7 ANSC7 -- -- Bit 6 ANSC6 -- -- Bit 5 ANSC5 ANSB5 ANSA5 Bit 4 ANSC4 ANSB4 -- Bit 3 ANSC3 ANSB3 ANSA3 Bit 2 ANSC2 ANSB2 ANSA2 Bit 1 -- ANSB1 ANSA1 Bit 0 -- ANSB0 ANSA0 Value on POR, BOR 1111 11---11 1111 --1- 1111 x = unknown, u = unchanged, -- = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F23/24K22 and PIC18(L)F43/44K22 devices only. PIC18(L)F26K22 and PIC18(L)F46K22 devices only. DS41412B-page 88 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.3.5 STATUS REGISTER The STATUS register, shown in Register 5-2, contains the arithmetic status of the ALU. As with any other SFR, it can be the operand for any instruction. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC, C, OV or N bits, the results of the instruction are not written; instead, the STATUS register is updated according to the instruction performed. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as its destination may be different than intended. As an example, CLRF STATUS will set the Z bit and leave the remaining Status bits unchanged (`000u u1uu'). It is recommended that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF, MOVFF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS register, because these instructions do not affect the Z, C, DC, OV or N bits in the STATUS register. For other instructions that do not affect Status bits, see the instruction set summaries in Table 25.2 and Table 25-3. Note: The C and DC bits operate as the borrow and digit borrow bits, respectively, in subtraction. REGISTER 5-2: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-5 bit 4 STATUS: STATUS REGISTER U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-x N R/W-x OV R/W-x Z R/W-x DC (1) R/W-x C(1) bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0' N: Negative bit This bit is used for signed arithmetic (two's complement). It indicates whether the result was negative (ALU MSB = 1). 1 = Result was negative 0 = Result was positive OV: Overflow bit This bit is used for signed arithmetic (two's complement). It indicates an overflow of the 7-bit magnitude which causes the sign bit (bit 7 of the result) to change state. 1 = Overflow occurred for signed arithmetic (in this arithmetic operation) 0 = No overflow occurred Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero DC: Digit Carry/Borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)(1) 1 = A carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result C: Carry/Borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, SUBWF instructions)(1) 1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two's complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high-order or low-order bit of the source register. bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 89 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.4 Note: Data Addressing Modes The execution of some instructions in the core PIC18 instruction set are changed when the PIC18 extended instruction set is enabled. See Section 5.5 "Data Memory and the Extended Instruction Set" for more information. The Access RAM bit `a' determines how the address is interpreted. When `a' is `1', the contents of the BSR (Section 5.3.1 "Bank Select Register (BSR)") are used with the address to determine the complete 12-bit address of the register. When `a' is `0', the address is interpreted as being a register in the Access Bank. Addressing that uses the Access RAM is sometimes also known as Direct Forced Addressing mode. A few instructions, such as MOVFF, include the entire 12-bit address (either source or destination) in their opcodes. In these cases, the BSR is ignored entirely. The destination of the operation's results is determined by the destination bit `d'. When `d' is `1', the results are stored back in the source register, overwriting its original contents. When `d' is `0', the results are stored in the W register. Instructions without the `d' argument have a destination that is implicit in the instruction; their destination is either the target register being operated on or the W register. While the program memory can be addressed in only one way - through the program counter - information in the data memory space can be addressed in several ways. For most instructions, the addressing mode is fixed. Other instructions may use up to three modes, depending on which operands are used and whether or not the extended instruction set is enabled. The addressing modes are: * * * * Inherent Literal Direct Indirect 5.4.3 INDIRECT ADDRESSING An additional addressing mode, Indexed Literal Offset, is available when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST Configuration bit = 1). Its operation is discussed in greater detail in Section 5.5.1 "Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset". 5.4.1 INHERENT AND LITERAL ADDRESSING Many PIC18 control instructions do not need any argument at all; they either perform an operation that globally affects the device or they operate implicitly on one register. This addressing mode is known as Inherent Addressing. Examples include SLEEP, RESET and DAW. Other instructions work in a similar way but require an additional explicit argument in the opcode. This is known as Literal Addressing mode because they require some literal value as an argument. Examples include ADDLW and MOVLW, which respectively, add or move a literal value to the W register. Other examples include CALL and GOTO, which include a 20-bit program memory address. Indirect addressing allows the user to access a location in data memory without giving a fixed address in the instruction. This is done by using File Select Registers (FSRs) as pointers to the locations which are to be read or written. Since the FSRs are themselves located in RAM as Special File Registers, they can also be directly manipulated under program control. This makes FSRs very useful in implementing data structures, such as tables and arrays in data memory. The registers for indirect addressing are also implemented with Indirect File Operands (INDFs) that permit automatic manipulation of the pointer value with auto-incrementing, auto-decrementing or offsetting with another value. This allows for efficient code, using loops, such as the example of clearing an entire RAM bank in Example 5-5. EXAMPLE 5-5: HOW TO CLEAR RAM (BANK 1) USING INDIRECT ADDRESSING FSR0, 100h ; POSTINC0 ; Clear INDF ; register then ; inc pointer FSR0H, 1 ; All done with ; Bank1? NEXT ; NO, clear next ; YES, continue NEXT LFSR CLRF 5.4.2 DIRECT ADDRESSING BTFSS BRA CONTINUE Direct addressing specifies all or part of the source and/or destination address of the operation within the opcode itself. The options are specified by the arguments accompanying the instruction. In the core PIC18 instruction set, bit-oriented and byteoriented instructions use some version of direct addressing by default. All of these instructions include some 8-bit literal address as their Least Significant Byte. This address specifies either a register address in one of the banks of data RAM (Section 5.3.3 "General Purpose Register File") or a location in the Access Bank (Section 5.3.2 "Access Bank") as the data source for the instruction. DS41412B-page 90 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.4.3.1 FSR Registers and the INDF Operand 5.4.3.2 FSR Registers and POSTINC, POSTDEC, PREINC and PLUSW At the core of indirect addressing are three sets of registers: FSR0, FSR1 and FSR2. Each represents a pair of 8-bit registers, FSRnH and FSRnL. Each FSR pair holds a 12-bit value, therefore, the four upper bits of the FSRnH register are not used. The 12-bit FSR value can address the entire range of the data memory in a linear fashion. The FSR register pairs, then, serve as pointers to data memory locations. Indirect addressing is accomplished with a set of Indirect File Operands, INDF0 through INDF2. These can be thought of as "virtual" registers: they are mapped in the SFR space but are not physically implemented. Reading or writing to a particular INDF register actually accesses its corresponding FSR register pair. A read from INDF1, for example, reads the data at the address indicated by FSR1H:FSR1L. Instructions that use the INDF registers as operands actually use the contents of their corresponding FSR as a pointer to the instruction's target. The INDF operand is just a convenient way of using the pointer. Because indirect addressing uses a full 12-bit address, data RAM banking is not necessary. Thus, the current contents of the BSR and the Access RAM bit have no effect on determining the target address. In addition to the INDF operand, each FSR register pair also has four additional indirect operands. Like INDF, these are "virtual" registers which cannot be directly read or written. Accessing these registers actually accesses the location to which the associated FSR register pair points, and also performs a specific action on the FSR value. They are: * POSTDEC: accesses the location to which the FSR points, then automatically decrements the FSR by 1 afterwards * POSTINC: accesses the location to which the FSR points, then automatically increments the FSR by 1 afterwards * PREINC: automatically increments the FSR by 1, then uses the location to which the FSR points in the operation * PLUSW: adds the signed value of the W register (range of -127 to 128) to that of the FSR and uses the location to which the result points in the operation. In this context, accessing an INDF register uses the value in the associated FSR register without changing it. Similarly, accessing a PLUSW register gives the FSR value an offset by that in the W register; however, neither W nor the FSR is actually changed in the operation. Accessing the other virtual registers changes the value of the FSR register. FIGURE 5-10: INDIRECT ADDRESSING 000h ADDWF, INDF1, 1 Bank 0 100h 200h Bank 1 Bank 2 Using an instruction with one of the indirect addressing registers as the operand.... ...uses the 12-bit address stored in the FSR pair associated with that register.... FSR1H:FSR1L 7 0 7 0 300h xxxx1110 11001100 Bank 3 through Bank 13 ...to determine the data memory location to be used in that operation. In this case, the FSR1 pair contains ECCh. This means the contents of location ECCh will be added to that of the W register and stored back in ECCh. E00h Bank 14 F00h FFFh Bank 15 Data Memory 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 91 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Operations on the FSRs with POSTDEC, POSTINC and PREINC affect the entire register pair; that is, rollovers of the FSRnL register from FFh to 00h carry over to the FSRnH register. On the other hand, results of these operations do not change the value of any flags in the STATUS register (e.g., Z, N, OV, etc.). The PLUSW register can be used to implement a form of indexed addressing in the data memory space. By manipulating the value in the W register, users can reach addresses that are fixed offsets from pointer addresses. In some applications, this can be used to implement some powerful program control structure, such as software stacks, inside of data memory. 5.5.1 INDEXED ADDRESSING WITH LITERAL OFFSET Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set changes the behavior of indirect addressing using the FSR2 register pair within Access RAM. Under the proper conditions, instructions that use the Access Bank - that is, most bit-oriented and byte-oriented instructions - can invoke a form of indexed addressing using an offset specified in the instruction. This special addressing mode is known as Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset, or Indexed Literal Offset mode. When using the extended instruction set, this addressing mode requires the following: * The use of the Access Bank is forced (`a' = 0) and * The file address argument is less than or equal to 5Fh. Under these conditions, the file address of the instruction is not interpreted as the lower byte of an address (used with the BSR in direct addressing), or as an 8-bit address in the Access Bank. Instead, the value is interpreted as an offset value to an Address Pointer, specified by FSR2. The offset and the contents of FSR2 are added to obtain the target address of the operation. 5.4.3.3 Operations by FSRs on FSRs Indirect addressing operations that target other FSRs or virtual registers represent special cases. For example, using an FSR to point to one of the virtual registers will not result in successful operations. As a specific case, assume that FSR0H:FSR0L contains FE7h, the address of INDF1. Attempts to read the value of the INDF1 using INDF0 as an operand will return 00h. Attempts to write to INDF1 using INDF0 as the operand will result in a NOP. On the other hand, using the virtual registers to write to an FSR pair may not occur as planned. In these cases, the value will be written to the FSR pair but without any incrementing or decrementing. Thus, writing to either the INDF2 or POSTDEC2 register will write the same value to the FSR2H:FSR2L. Since the FSRs are physical registers mapped in the SFR space, they can be manipulated through all direct operations. Users should proceed cautiously when working on these registers, particularly if their code uses indirect addressing. Similarly, operations by indirect addressing are generally permitted on all other SFRs. Users should exercise the appropriate caution that they do not inadvertently change settings that might affect the operation of the device. 5.5.2 INSTRUCTIONS AFFECTED BY INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE Any of the core PIC18 instructions that can use direct addressing are potentially affected by the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode. This includes all byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions, or almost one-half of the standard PIC18 instruction set. Instructions that only use Inherent or Literal Addressing modes are unaffected. Additionally, byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions are not affected if they do not use the Access Bank (Access RAM bit is `1'), or include a file address of 60h or above. Instructions meeting these criteria will continue to execute as before. A comparison of the different possible addressing modes when the extended instruction set is enabled is shown in Figure 5-11. Those who desire to use byte-oriented or bit-oriented instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset mode should note the changes to assembler syntax for this mode. This is described in more detail in Section 25.2.1 "Extended Instruction Syntax". 5.5 Data Memory and the Extended Instruction Set Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set (XINST Configuration bit = 1) significantly changes certain aspects of data memory and its addressing. Specifically, the use of the Access Bank for many of the core PIC18 instructions is different; this is due to the introduction of a new addressing mode for the data memory space. What does not change is just as important. The size of the data memory space is unchanged, as well as its linear addressing. The SFR map remains the same. Core PIC18 instructions can still operate in both Direct and Indirect Addressing mode; inherent and literal instructions do not change at all. Indirect addressing with FSR0 and FSR1 also remain unchanged. DS41412B-page 92 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 5-11: COMPARING ADDRESSING OPTIONS FOR BIT-ORIENTED AND BYTE-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS (EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET ENABLED) EXAMPLE INSTRUCTION: ADDWF, f, d, a (Opcode: 0010 01da ffff ffff) When `a' = 0 and f 60h: The instruction executes in Direct Forced mode. `f' is interpreted as a location in the Access RAM between 060h and 0FFh. This is the same as locations F60h to FFFh (Bank 15) of data memory. Locations below 60h are not available in this addressing mode. 000h 060h Bank 0 100h Bank 1 through Bank 14 00h 60h Valid range for `f' Access RAM Bank 15 F60h SFRs FFFh Data Memory FFh F00h When `a' = 0 and f5Fh: The instruction executes in Indexed Literal Offset mode. `f' is interpreted as an offset to the address value in FSR2. The two are added together to obtain the address of the target register for the instruction. The address can be anywhere in the data memory space. Note that in this mode, the correct syntax is now: ADDWF [k], d where `k' is the same as `f'. 000h 060h Bank 0 100h Bank 1 through Bank 14 FSR2H F00h Bank 15 F60h SFRs FFFh Data Memory FSR2L 001001da ffffffff When `a' = 1 (all values of f): The instruction executes in Direct mode (also known as Direct Long mode). `f' is interpreted as a location in one of the 16 banks of the data memory space. The bank is designated by the Bank Select Register (BSR). The address can be in any implemented bank in the data memory space. 000h 060h Bank 0 100h Bank 1 through Bank 14 BSR 00000000 001001da ffffffff F00h Bank 15 F60h SFRs FFFh Data Memory 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 93 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 5.5.3 MAPPING THE ACCESS BANK IN INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE The use of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode effectively changes how the first 96 locations of Access RAM (00h to 5Fh) are mapped. Rather than containing just the contents of the bottom section of Bank 0, this mode maps the contents from a user defined "window" that can be located anywhere in the data memory space. The value of FSR2 establishes the lower boundary of the addresses mapped into the window, while the upper boundary is defined by FSR2 plus 95 (5Fh). Addresses in the Access RAM above 5Fh are mapped as previously described (see Section 5.3.2 "Access Bank"). An example of Access Bank remapping in this addressing mode is shown in Figure 5-12. Remapping of the Access Bank applies only to operations using the Indexed Literal Offset mode. Operations that use the BSR (Access RAM bit is `1') will continue to use direct addressing as before. 5.6 PIC18 Instruction Execution and the Extended Instruction Set Enabling the extended instruction set adds eight additional commands to the existing PIC18 instruction set. These instructions are executed as described in Section 25.2 "Extended Instruction Set". FIGURE 5-12: Example Situation: REMAPPING THE ACCESS BANK WITH INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET ADDRESSING 000h Bank 0 100h 120h 17Fh 200h Bank 1 Window Bank 1 Bank 1 "Window" 5Fh 60h Bank 2 through Bank 14 SFRs ADDWF f, d, a FSR2H:FSR2L = 120h Locations in the region from the FSR2 pointer (120h) to the pointer plus 05Fh (17Fh) are mapped to the bottom of the Access RAM (000h-05Fh). Special File Registers at F60h through FFFh are mapped to 60h through FFh, as usual. Bank 0 addresses below 5Fh can still be addressed by using the BSR. 00h FFh Access Bank F00h Bank 15 F60h FFFh SFRs Data Memory DS41412B-page 94 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 6.0 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY 6.1 Table Reads and Table Writes The Flash program memory is readable, writable and erasable during normal operation over the entire VDD range. A read from program memory is executed one byte at a time. A write to program memory is executed on blocks of 64 bytes at a time. Program memory is erased in blocks of 64 bytes at a time. The difference between the write and erase block sizes requires from 1 to 8 block writes to restore the contents of a single block erase. A bulk erase operation can not be issued from user code. Writing or erasing program memory will cease instruction fetches until the operation is complete. The program memory cannot be accessed during the write or erase, therefore, code cannot execute. An internal programming timer terminates program memory writes and erases. A value written to program memory does not need to be a valid instruction. Executing a program memory location that forms an invalid instruction results in a NOP. In order to read and write program memory, there are two operations that allow the processor to move bytes between the program memory space and the data RAM: * Table Read (TBLRD) * Table Write (TBLWT) The program memory space is 16 bits wide, while the data RAM space is 8 bits wide. Table reads and table writes move data between these two memory spaces through an 8-bit register (TABLAT). The table read operation retrieves one byte of data directly from program memory and places it into the TABLAT register. Figure 6-1 shows the operation of a table read. The table write operation stores one byte of data from the TABLAT register into a write block holding register. The procedure to write the contents of the holding registers into program memory is detailed in Section 6.5 "Writing to Flash Program Memory". Figure 6-2 shows the operation of a table write with program memory and data RAM. Table operations work with byte entities. Tables containing data, rather than program instructions, are not required to be word aligned. Therefore, a table can start and end at any byte address. If a table write is being used to write executable code into program memory, program instructions will need to be word aligned. FIGURE 6-1: TABLE READ OPERATION Instruction: TBLRD* Table Pointer(1) TBLPTRU TBLPTRH TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Latch (8-bit) TABLAT Program Memory (TBLPTR) Note 1: Table Pointer register points to a byte in program memory. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 95 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 6-2: TABLE WRITE OPERATION Instruction: TBLWT* Program Memory Table Pointer(1) TBLPTRU TBLPTRH TBLPTRL Holding Registers Table Latch (8-bit) TABLAT Program Memory (TBLPTR Note 1: During table writes the Table Pointer does not point directly to Program Memory. The LSBs of TBLPRTL actually point to an address within the write block holding registers. The MSBs of the Table Pointer determine where the write block will eventually be written. The process for writing the holding registers to the program memory array is discussed in Section 6.5 "Writing to Flash Program Memory". 6.2 Control Registers Several control registers are used in conjunction with the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These include the: * * * * EECON1 register EECON2 register TABLAT register TBLPTR registers The FREE bit allows the program memory erase operation. When FREE is set, an erase operation is initiated on the next WR command. When FREE is clear, only writes are enabled. The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation. The WREN bit is clear on power-up. The WRERR bit is set by hardware when the WR bit is set and cleared when the internal programming timer expires and the write operation is complete. Note: During normal operation, the WRERR is read as `1'. This can indicate that a write operation was prematurely terminated by a Reset, or a write operation was attempted improperly. 6.2.1 EECON1 AND EECON2 REGISTERS The EECON1 register (Register 6-1) is the control register for memory accesses. The EECON2 register is not a physical register; it is used exclusively in the memory write and erase sequences. Reading EECON2 will read all `0's. The EEPGD control bit determines if the access will be a program or data EEPROM memory access. When EEPGD is clear, any subsequent operations will operate on the data EEPROM memory. When EEPGD is set, any subsequent operations will operate on the program memory. The CFGS control bit determines if the access will be to the Configuration/Calibration registers or to program memory/data EEPROM memory. When CFGS is set, subsequent operations will operate on Configuration registers regardless of EEPGD (see Section 24.0 "Special Features of the CPU"). When CFGS is clear, memory selection access is determined by EEPGD. The WR control bit initiates write operations. The WR bit cannot be cleared, only set, by firmware. Then WR bit is cleared by hardware at the completion of the write operation. Note: The EEIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR2 register is set when the write is complete. The EEIF flag stays set until cleared by firmware. DS41412B-page 96 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 6-1: R/W-x EEPGD bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown `1' = Bit is set S = Bit can be set by software, but not cleared EECON1: DATA EEPROM CONTROL 1 REGISTER R/W-x CFGS U-0 -- R/W-0 FREE R/W-x WRERR R/W-0 WREN R/S-0 WR R/S-0 RD bit 0 EEPGD: Flash Program or Data EEPROM Memory Select bit 1 = Access Flash program memory 0 = Access data EEPROM memory CFGS: Flash Program/Data EEPROM or Configuration Select bit 1 = Access Configuration registers 0 = Access Flash program or data EEPROM memory Unimplemented: Read as `0' FREE: Flash Row (Block) Erase Enable bit 1 = Erase the program memory block addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command (cleared by completion of erase operation) 0 = Perform write-only WRERR: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Error Flag bit(1) 1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any Reset during self-timed programming in normal operation, or an improper write attempt) 0 = The write operation completed WREN: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Write Enable bit 1 = Allows write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM 0 = Inhibits write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM WR: Write Control bit 1 = Initiates a data EEPROM erase/write cycle or a program memory erase cycle or write cycle. (The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once write is complete. The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) by software.) 0 = Write cycle to the EEPROM is complete RD: Read Control bit 1 = Initiates an EEPROM read (Read takes one cycle. RD is cleared by hardware. The RD bit can only be set (not cleared) by software. RD bit cannot be set when EEPGD = 1 or CFGS = 1.) 0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read When a WRERR occurs, the EEPGD and CFGS bits are not cleared. This allows tracing of the error condition. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 97 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 6.2.2 TABLAT - TABLE LATCH REGISTER The Table Latch (TABLAT) is an 8-bit register mapped into the SFR space. The Table Latch register is used to hold 8-bit data during data transfers between program memory and data RAM. When a TBLRD is executed, all 22 bits of the TBLPTR determine which byte is read from program memory directly into the TABLAT register. When a TBLWT is executed the byte in the TABLAT register is written, not to Flash memory but, to a holding register in preparation for a program memory write. The holding registers constitute a write block which varies depending on the device (see Table 6-1).The 3, 4, or 5 LSbs of the TBLPTRL register determine which specific address within the holding register block is written to. The MSBs of the Table Pointer have no effect during TBLWT operations. When a program memory write is executed the entire holding register block is written to the Flash memory at the address determined by the MSbs of the TBLPTR. The 3, 4, or 5 LSBs are ignored during Flash memory writes. For more detail, see Section 6.5 "Writing to Flash Program Memory". When an erase of program memory is executed, the 16 MSbs of the Table Pointer register (TBLPTR<21:6>) point to the 64-byte block that will be erased. The Least Significant bits (TBLPTR<5:0>) are ignored. Figure 6-3 describes the relevant boundaries of TBLPTR based on Flash program memory operations. 6.2.3 TBLPTR - TABLE POINTER REGISTER The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register addresses a byte within the program memory. The TBLPTR is comprised of three SFR registers: Table Pointer Upper Byte, Table Pointer High Byte and Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTRU:TBLPTRH:TBLPTRL). These three registers join to form a 22-bit wide pointer. The low-order 21 bits allow the device to address up to 2 Mbytes of program memory space. The 22nd bit allows access to the device ID, the user ID and the Configuration bits. The Table Pointer register, TBLPTR, is used by the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These instructions can update the TBLPTR in one of four ways based on the table operation. These operations on the TBLPTR affect only the low-order 21 bits. 6.2.4 TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES TBLPTR is used in reads, writes and erases of the Flash program memory. TABLE 6-1: Example TBLRD* TBLWT* TBLRD*+ TBLWT*+ TBLRD*TBLWT*TBLRD+* TBLWT+* TABLE POINTER OPERATIONS WITH TBLRD AND TBLWT INSTRUCTIONS Operation on Table Pointer TBLPTR is not modified TBLPTR is incremented after the read/write TBLPTR is decremented after the read/write TBLPTR is incremented before the read/write FIGURE 6-3: 21 TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES BASED ON OPERATION TBLPTRU 16 15 TBLPTRH 8 7 TBLPTRL 0 TABLE ERASE/WRITE TBLPTR<21:n+1>(1) TABLE WRITE TBLPTR TABLE READ - TBLPTR<21:0> Note 1: n = 6 for block sizes of 64 bytes. DS41412B-page 98 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 6.3 Reading the Flash Program Memory The internal program memory is typically organized by words. The Least Significant bit of the address selects between the high and low bytes of the word. Figure 6-4 shows the interface between the internal program memory and the TABLAT. The TBLRD instruction retrieves data from program memory and places it into data RAM. Table reads from program memory are performed one byte at a time. TBLPTR points to a byte address in program space. Executing TBLRD places the byte pointed to into TABLAT. In addition, TBLPTR can be modified automatically for the next table read operation. FIGURE 6-4: READS FROM FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY Program Memory (Even Byte Address) (Odd Byte Address) TBLPTR = xxxxx1 TBLPTR = xxxxx0 Instruction Register (IR) FETCH TBLRD TABLAT Read Register EXAMPLE 6-1: MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF READ_WORD READING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WORD CODE_ADDR_UPPER TBLPTRU CODE_ADDR_HIGH TBLPTRH CODE_ADDR_LOW TBLPTRL ; Load TBLPTR with the base ; address of the word TBLRD*+ MOVF MOVWF TBLRD*+ MOVFW MOVF TABLAT, W WORD_EVEN TABLAT, W WORD_ODD ; read into TABLAT and increment ; get data ; read into TABLAT and increment ; get data 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 99 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 6.4 Erasing Flash Program Memory 6.4.1 The minimum erase block is 32 words or 64 bytes. Only through the use of an external programmer, or through ICSPTM control, can larger blocks of program memory be bulk erased. Word erase in the Flash array is not supported. When initiating an erase sequence from the microcontroller itself, a block of 64 bytes of program memory is erased. The Most Significant 16 bits of the TBLPTR<21:6> point to the block being erased. The TBLPTR<5:0> bits are ignored. The EECON1 register commands the erase operation. The EEPGD bit must be set to point to the Flash program memory. The WREN bit must be set to enable write operations. The FREE bit is set to select an erase operation. The write initiate sequence for EECON2, shown as steps 4 through 6 in Section 6.4.1 "Flash Program Memory Erase Sequence", is used to guard against accidental writes. This is sometimes referred to as a long write. A long write is necessary for erasing the internal Flash. Instruction execution is halted during the long write cycle. The long write is terminated by the internal programming timer. FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY ERASE SEQUENCE The sequence of events for erasing a block of internal program memory is: 1. 2. Load Table Pointer register with address of block being erased. Set the EECON1 register for the erase operation: * set EEPGD bit to point to program memory; * clear the CFGS bit to access program memory; * set WREN bit to enable writes; * set FREE bit to enable the erase. Disable interrupts. Write 55h to EECON2. Write 0AAh to EECON2. Set the WR bit. This will begin the block erase cycle. The CPU will stall for duration of the erase (about 2 ms using internal timer). Re-enable interrupts. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. EXAMPLE 6-2: ERASING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY BLOCK MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF CODE_ADDR_UPPER TBLPTRU CODE_ADDR_HIGH TBLPTRH CODE_ADDR_LOW TBLPTRL EECON1, EECON1, EECON1, EECON1, INTCON, 55h EECON2 0AAh EECON2 EECON1, INTCON, EEPGD CFGS WREN FREE GIE ; load TBLPTR with the base ; address of the memory block ERASE_BLOCK BSF BCF BSF BSF BCF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF BSF ; ; ; ; ; point to Flash program memory access Flash program memory enable write to memory enable block Erase operation disable interrupts Required Sequence ; write 55h ; write 0AAh ; start erase (CPU stall) ; re-enable interrupts WR GIE DS41412B-page 100 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 6.5 Writing to Flash Program Memory The programming block size is 64 bytes. Word or byte programming is not supported. Table writes are used internally to load the holding registers needed to program the Flash memory. There are only as many holding registers as there are bytes in a write block (64 bytes). Since the Table Latch (TABLAT) is only a single byte, the TBLWT instruction needs to be executed 64 times for each programming operation. All of the table write operations will essentially be short writes because only the holding registers are written. After all the holding registers have been written, the programming operation of that block of memory is started by configuring the EECON1 register for a program memory write and performing the long write sequence. The long write is necessary for programming the internal Flash. Instruction execution is halted during a long write cycle. The long write will be terminated by the internal programming timer. The EEPROM on-chip timer controls the write time. The write/erase voltages are generated by an on-chip charge pump, rated to operate over the voltage range of the device. Note: The default value of the holding registers on device Resets and after write operations is FFh. A write of FFh to a holding register does not modify that byte. This means that individual bytes of program memory may be modified, provided that the change does not attempt to change any bit from a `0' to a `1'. When modifying individual bytes, it is not necessary to load all holding registers before executing a long write operation. FIGURE 6-5: TABLE WRITES TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY TABLAT Write Register 8 TBLPTR = xxxx00 TBLPTR = xxxx01 8 TBLPTR = xxxx02 8 TBLPTR = xxxxYY(1) 8 Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register Program Memory Note 1: YY = 3F for 64 byte write blocks. 6.5.1 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE SEQUENCE The sequence of events for programming an internal program memory location should be: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Read 64 bytes into RAM. Update data values in RAM as necessary. Load Table Pointer register with address being erased. Execute the block erase procedure. Load Table Pointer register with address of first byte being written. Write the 64-byte block into the holding registers with auto-increment. Set the EECON1 register for the write operation: * set EEPGD bit to point to program memory; * clear the CFGS bit to access program memory; * set WREN to enable byte writes. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Disable interrupts. Write 55h to EECON2. Write 0AAh to EECON2. Set the WR bit. This will begin the write cycle. The CPU will stall for duration of the write (about 2 ms using internal timer). 13. Re-enable interrupts. 14. Verify the memory (table read). This procedure will require about 6 ms to update each write block of memory. An example of the required code is given in Example 6-3. Note: Before setting the WR bit, the Table Pointer address needs to be within the intended address range of the bytes in the holding registers. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 101 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 EXAMPLE 6-3: WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF READ_BLOCK TBLRD*+ MOVF MOVWF DECFSZ BRA MODIFY_WORD MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF ERASE_BLOCK MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF BCF BSF BSF BCF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF BSF TBLRD*MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGS MOVF MOVWF TBLWT+* POSTINC0, W TABLAT ; ; ; ; get low byte of buffer data present data to table latch write data, perform a short write to internal TBLWT holding register. CODE_ADDR_UPPER TBLPTRU CODE_ADDR_HIGH TBLPTRH CODE_ADDR_LOW TBLPTRL EECON1, EEPGD EECON1, CFGS EECON1, WREN EECON1, FREE INTCON, GIE 55h EECON2 0AAh EECON2 EECON1, WR INTCON, GIE BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH FSR0H BUFFER_ADDR_LOW FSR0L BlockSize COUNTER D'64'/BlockSize COUNTER2 ; load TBLPTR with the base ; address of the memory block BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH FSR0H BUFFER_ADDR_LOW FSR0L NEW_DATA_LOW POSTINC0 NEW_DATA_HIGH INDF0 ; point to buffer TABLAT, W POSTINC0 COUNTER READ_BLOCK ; ; ; ; ; read into TABLAT, and inc get data store data done? repeat D'64' COUNTER BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH FSR0H BUFFER_ADDR_LOW FSR0L CODE_ADDR_UPPER TBLPTRU CODE_ADDR_HIGH TBLPTRH CODE_ADDR_LOW TBLPTRL ; number of bytes in erase block ; point to buffer ; Load TBLPTR with the base ; address of the memory block ; update buffer word ; ; ; ; ; point to Flash program memory access Flash program memory enable write to memory enable Erase operation disable interrupts Required Sequence ; write 55h ; ; ; ; ; write 0AAh start erase (CPU stall) re-enable interrupts dummy read decrement point to buffer WRITE_BUFFER_BACK ; number of bytes in holding register ; number of write blocks in 64 bytes DS41412B-page 102 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 EXAMPLE 6-3: PROGRAM_MEMORY BSF BCF BSF BCF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF DCFSZ BRA BSF BCF EECON1, EEPGD EECON1, CFGS EECON1, WREN INTCON, GIE 55h EECON2 0AAh EECON2 EECON1, WR COUNTER2 WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGS INTCON, GIE EECON1, WREN ; ; ; ; point to Flash program memory access Flash program memory enable write to memory disable interrupts WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY (CONTINUED) DECFSZ BRA COUNTER WRITE_WORD_TO_HREGS ; loop until holding registers are full Required Sequence ; write 55h ; ; ; ; ; ; write 0AAh start program (CPU stall) repeat for remaining write blocks re-enable interrupts disable write to memory 6.5.2 WRITE VERIFY 6.5.4 Depending on the application, good programming practice may dictate that the value written to the memory should be verified against the original value. This should be used in applications where excessive writes can stress bits near the specification limit. PROTECTION AGAINST SPURIOUS WRITES To protect against spurious writes to Flash program memory, the write initiate sequence must also be followed. See Section 24.0 "Special Features of the CPU" for more detail. 6.5.3 UNEXPECTED TERMINATION OF WRITE OPERATION 6.6 If a write is terminated by an unplanned event, such as loss of power or an unexpected Reset, the memory location just programmed should be verified and reprogrammed if needed. If the write operation is interrupted by a MCLR Reset or a WDT Time-out Reset during normal operation, the WRERR bit will be set which the user can check to decide whether a rewrite of the location(s) is needed. Flash Program Operation During Code Protection See Section 24.3 "Program Verification and Code Protection" for details on code protection of Flash program memory. TABLE 6-2: Name TBLPTRU TBPLTRH TBLPTRL TABLAT INTCON EECON2 EECON1 IPR2 PIR2 PIE2 Legend: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM FLASH MEMORY Bit 7 -- Bit 6 -- Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page -- -- -- -- Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<21:16>) Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>) Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>) Program Memory Table Latch GIE/GIEH EEPGD OSCFIP OSCFIF OSCFIE PEIE/GIEL CFGS C1IP C1IF C1IE TMR0IE -- C2IP C2IF C2IE INT0IE FREE EEIP EEIF EEIE RBIE WRERR BCLIP BCLIF BCLIE TMR0IF WREN HLVDIP HLVDIF HLVDIE INT0IF WR TMR3IP TMR3IF TMR3IE RBIF RD CCP2IP CCP2IF CCP2IE EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) 115 -- 97 128 119 124 -- = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used during Flash/EEPROM access. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 103 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 104 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 7.0 DATA EEPROM MEMORY The data EEPROM is a nonvolatile memory array, separate from the data RAM and program memory, which is used for long-term storage of program data. It is not directly mapped in either the register file or program memory space but is indirectly addressed through the Special Function Registers (SFRs). The EEPROM is readable and writable during normal operation over the entire VDD range. Four SFRs are used to read and write to the data EEPROM as well as the program memory. They are: * * * * * EECON1 EECON2 EEDATA EEADR EEADRH The EECON1 register (Register 7-1) is the control register for data and program memory access. Control bit EEPGD determines if the access will be to program or data EEPROM memory. When the EEPGD bit is clear, operations will access the data EEPROM memory. When the EEPGD bit is set, program memory is accessed. Control bit, CFGS, determines if the access will be to the Configuration registers or to program memory/data EEPROM memory. When the CFGS bit is set, subsequent operations access Configuration registers. When the CFGS bit is clear, the EEPGD bit selects either program Flash or data EEPROM memory. The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation. On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The WRERR bit is set by hardware when the WR bit is set and cleared when the internal programming timer expires and the write operation is complete. Note: During normal operation, the WRERR may read as `1'. This can indicate that a write operation was prematurely terminated by a Reset, or a write operation was attempted improperly. The data EEPROM allows byte read and write. When interfacing to the data memory block, EEDATA holds the 8-bit data for read/write and the EEADR:EEADRH register pair hold the address of the EEPROM location being accessed. The EEPROM data memory is rated for high erase/write cycle endurance. A byte write automatically erases the location and writes the new data (erase-before-write). The write time is controlled by an on-chip timer; it will vary with voltage and temperature as well as from chipto-chip. Please refer to the Data EEPROM Memory parameters in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for limits. The WR control bit initiates write operations. The bit can be set but not cleared by software. It is cleared only by hardware at the completion of the write operation. Note: The EEIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR2 register is set when the write is complete. It must be cleared by software. 7.1 EEADR and EEADRH Registers The EEADR register is used to address the data EEPROM for read and write operations. The 8-bit range of the register can address a memory range of 256 bytes (00h to FFh). The EEADRH register expands the range to 1024 bytes by adding an additional two address bits. Control bits, RD and WR, start read and erase/write operations, respectively. These bits are set by firmware and cleared by hardware at the completion of the operation. The RD bit cannot be set when accessing program memory (EEPGD = 1). Program memory is read using table read instructions. See Section 6.1 "Table Reads and Table Writes" regarding table reads. The EECON2 register is not a physical register. It is used exclusively in the memory write and erase sequences. Reading EECON2 will read all `0's. 7.2 EECON1 and EECON2 Registers Access to the data EEPROM is controlled by two registers: EECON1 and EECON2. These are the same registers which control access to the program memory and are used in a similar manner for the data EEPROM. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 105 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 7-1: R/W-x EEPGD bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown `1' = Bit is set S = Bit can be set by software, but not cleared EECON1: DATA EEPROM CONTROL 1 REGISTER R/W-x CFGS U-0 -- R/W-0 FREE R/W-x WRERR R/W-0 WREN R/S-0 WR R/S-0 RD bit 0 EEPGD: Flash Program or Data EEPROM Memory Select bit 1 = Access Flash program memory 0 = Access data EEPROM memory CFGS: Flash Program/Data EEPROM or Configuration Select bit 1 = Access Configuration registers 0 = Access Flash program or data EEPROM memory Unimplemented: Read as `0' FREE: Flash Row (Block) Erase Enable bit 1 = Erase the program memory block addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command (cleared by completion of erase operation) 0 = Perform write-only WRERR: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Error Flag bit(1) 1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any Reset during self-timed programming in normal operation, or an improper write attempt) 0 = The write operation completed WREN: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Write Enable bit 1 = Allows write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM 0 = Inhibits write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM WR: Write Control bit 1 = Initiates a data EEPROM erase/write cycle or a program memory erase cycle or write cycle. (The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once write is complete. The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) by software.) 0 = Write cycle to the EEPROM is complete RD: Read Control bit 1 = Initiates an EEPROM read (Read takes one cycle. RD is cleared by hardware. The RD bit can only be set (not cleared) by software. RD bit cannot be set when EEPGD = 1 or CFGS = 1.) 0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read When a WRERR occurs, the EEPGD and CFGS bits are not cleared. This allows tracing of the error condition. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: DS41412B-page 106 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 7.3 Reading the Data EEPROM Memory Additionally, the WREN bit in EECON1 must be set to enable writes. This mechanism prevents accidental writes to data EEPROM due to unexpected code execution (i.e., runaway programs). The WREN bit should be kept clear at all times, except when updating the EEPROM. The WREN bit is not cleared by hardware. After a write sequence has been initiated, EECON1, EEADR and EEDATA cannot be modified. The WR bit will be inhibited from being set unless the WREN bit is set. Both WR and WREN cannot be set with the same instruction. At the completion of the write cycle, the WR bit is cleared by hardware and the EEPROM Interrupt Flag bit, EEIF, is set. The user may either enable this interrupt or poll this bit. EEIF must be cleared by software. To read a data memory location, the user must write the address to the EEADR register, clear the EEPGD control bit of the EECON1 register and then set control bit, RD. The data is available on the very next instruction cycle; therefore, the EEDATA register can be read by the next instruction. EEDATA will hold this value until another read operation, or until it is written to by the user (during a write operation). The basic process is shown in Example 7-1. 7.4 Writing to the Data EEPROM Memory To write an EEPROM data location, the address must first be written to the EEADR register and the data written to the EEDATA register. The sequence in Example 7-2 must be followed to initiate the write cycle. The write will not begin if this sequence is not exactly followed (write 55h to EECON2, write 0AAh to EECON2, then set WR bit) for each byte. It is strongly recommended that interrupts be disabled during this code segment. 7.5 Write Verify Depending on the application, good programming practice may dictate that the value written to the memory should be verified against the original value. This should be used in applications where excessive writes can stress bits near the specification limit. EXAMPLE 7-1: MOVLW MOVWF BCF BCF BSF MOVF DATA EEPROM READ DATA_EE_ADDR EEADR EECON1, EEPGD EECON1, CFGS EECON1, RD EEDATA, W ; ; ; ; ; ; Data Memory Address to read Point to DATA memory Access EEPROM EEPROM Read W = EEDATA EXAMPLE 7-2: DATA EEPROM WRITE MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BCF BCF BSF BCF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF BSF DATA_EE_ADDR_LOW EEADR DATA_EE_ADDR_HI EEADRH DATA_EE_DATA EEDATA EECON1, EEPGD EECON1, CFGS EECON1, WREN INTCON, GIE 55h EECON2 0AAh EECON2 EECON1, WR INTCON, GIE ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Data Memory Address to write Data Memory Value to write Point to DATA memory Access EEPROM Enable writes Disable Interrupts Write 55h Write 0AAh Set WR bit to begin write Enable Interrupts Required Sequence BCF EECON1, WREN ; User code execution ; Disable writes on write complete (EEIF set) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 107 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 7.6 Operation During Code-Protect Data EEPROM memory has its own code-protect bits in Configuration Words. External read and write operations are disabled if code protection is enabled. The microcontroller itself can both read and write to the internal data EEPROM, regardless of the state of the code-protect Configuration bit. Refer to Section 24.0 "Special Features of the CPU" for additional information. The write initiate sequence and the WREN bit together help prevent an accidental write during brown-out, power glitch or software malfunction. 7.8 Using the Data EEPROM 7.7 Protection Against Spurious Write There are conditions when the user may not want to write to the data EEPROM memory. To protect against spurious EEPROM writes, various mechanisms have been implemented. On power-up, the WREN bit is cleared. In addition, writes to the EEPROM are blocked during the Power-up Timer period (TPWRT). The data EEPROM is a high-endurance, byte addressable array that has been optimized for the storage of frequently changing information (e.g., program variables or other data that are updated often). When variables in one section change frequently, while variables in another section do not change, it is possible to exceed the total number of write cycles to the EEPROM without exceeding the total number of write cycles to a single byte. Refer to the Data EEPROM Memory parameters in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for write cycle limits. If this is the case, then an array refresh must be performed. For this reason, variables that change infrequently (such as constants, IDs, calibration, etc.) should be stored in Flash program memory. A simple data EEPROM refresh routine is shown in Example 7-3. Note: If data EEPROM is only used to store constants and/or data that changes rarely, an array refresh is likely not required. See specification. EXAMPLE 7-3: CLRF BCF BCF BCF BSF Loop BSF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF BTFSC BRA INCFSZ BRA BCF BSF DATA EEPROM REFRESH ROUTINE EEADR EECON1, EECON1, INTCON, EECON1, CFGS EEPGD GIE WREN ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Start at address 0 Set for memory Set for Data EEPROM Disable interrupts Enable writes Loop to refresh array Read current address Write 55h Write 0AAh Set WR bit to begin write Wait for write to complete EECON1, RD 55h EECON2 0AAh EECON2 EECON1, WR EECON1, WR $-2 EEADR, F LOOP EECON1, WREN INTCON, GIE ; Increment address ; Not zero, do it again ; Disable writes ; Enable interrupts DS41412B-page 108 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 7-1: Name INTCON EEADR EEADRH EEDATA EECON2 EECON1 IPR2 PIR2 PIE2 (1) REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH DATA EEPROM MEMORY Bit 7 GIE/GIEH EEADR7 -- Bit 6 PEIE/GIEL EEADR6 -- Bit 5 TMR0IE -- Bit 4 INT0IE -- Bit 3 RBIE -- Bit 2 TMR0IF -- Bit 1 INT0IF Bit 0 RBIF Register on Page 115 -- -- -- -- EEADR5 EEADR4 EEADR3 EEADR2 EEADR1 EEADR0 EEADR9 EEADR8 EEPROM Data Register EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) EEPGD OSCFIP OSCFIF OSCFIE CFGS C1IP C1IF C1IE -- C2IP C2IF C2IE FREE EEIP EEIF EEIE WRERR BCL1IP BCL1IF BCL1IE WREN HLVDIP HLVDIF HLVDIE WR TMR3IP TMR3IF TMR3IE RD CCP2IP CCP2IF CCP2IE 106 128 119 124 Legend: -- = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used during EEPROM access. Note 1: PIC18(L)F26K22 and PIC18(L)F46K22 only. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 109 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 110 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 8.0 8.1 8 x 8 HARDWARE MULTIPLIER Introduction EXAMPLE 8-1: MOVF MULWF ARG1, W ARG2 8 x 8 UNSIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE ; ; ARG1 * ARG2 -> ; PRODH:PRODL All PIC18 devices include an 8 x 8 hardware multiplier as part of the ALU. The multiplier performs an unsigned operation and yields a 16-bit result that is stored in the product register pair, PRODH:PRODL. The multiplier's operation does not affect any flags in the STATUS register. Making multiplication a hardware operation allows it to be completed in a single instruction cycle. This has the advantages of higher computational throughput and reduced code size for multiplication algorithms and allows the PIC18 devices to be used in many applications previously reserved for digital signal processors. A comparison of various hardware and software multiply operations, along with the savings in memory and execution time, is shown in Table . EXAMPLE 8-2: MOVF MULWF BTFSC SUBWF MOVF BTFSC SUBWF ARG1, W ARG2 ARG2, SB PRODH, F ARG2, W ARG1, SB PRODH, F 8 x 8 SIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE ; ; ; ; ; ARG1 * ARG2 -> PRODH:PRODL Test Sign Bit PRODH = PRODH - ARG1 ; Test Sign Bit ; PRODH = PRODH ; - ARG2 8.2 Operation Example 8-1 shows the instruction sequence for an 8 x 8 unsigned multiplication. Only one instruction is required when one of the arguments is already loaded in the WREG register. Example 8-2 shows the sequence to do an 8 x 8 signed multiplication. To account for the sign bits of the arguments, each argument's Most Significant bit (MSb) is tested and the appropriate subtractions are done. TABLE 8-1: Routine PERFORMANCE COMPARISON FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLY OPERATIONS Multiply Method Without hardware multiply Hardware multiply Without hardware multiply Hardware multiply Without hardware multiply Hardware multiply Without hardware multiply Hardware multiply Program Memory (Words) 13 1 33 6 21 28 52 35 Time Cycles (Max) @ 64 MHz @ 40 MHz @ 10 MHz @ 4 MHz 69 1 91 6 242 28 254 40 4.3 s 62.5 ns 5.7 s 375 ns 15.1 s 1.8 s 15.9 s 2.5 s 6.9 s 100 ns 9.1 s 600 ns 24.2 s 2.8 s 25.4 s 4.0 s 27.6 s 400 ns 36.4 s 2.4 s 96.8 s 11.2 s 102.6 s 16.0 s 69 s 1 s 91 s 6 s 242 s 28 s 254 s 40 s 8 x 8 unsigned 8 x 8 signed 16 x 16 unsigned 16 x 16 signed 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 111 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Example 8-3 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16 unsigned multiplication. Equation 8-1 shows the algorithm that is used. The 32-bit result is stored in four registers (RES<3:0>). EQUATION 8-2: 16 x 16 SIGNED MULTIPLICATION ALGORITHM EQUATION 8-1: 16 x 16 UNSIGNED MULTIPLICATION ALGORITHM ARG1H:ARG1L ARG2H:ARG2L (ARG1H ARG2H 216) + (ARG1H ARG2L 28) + (ARG1L ARG2H 28) + (ARG1L ARG2L) RES3:RES0 = = RES3:RES0 = ARG1H:ARG1L ARG2H:ARG2L = (ARG1H ARG2H 216) + (ARG1H ARG2L 28) + (ARG1L ARG2H 28) + (ARG1L ARG2L) + (-1 ARG2H<7> ARG1H:ARG1L 216) + (-1 ARG1H<7> ARG2H:ARG2L 216) EXAMPLE 8-4: MOVF MULWF MOVFF MOVFF ; MOVF MULWF MOVFF MOVFF ; MOVF MULWF MOVF ADDWF MOVF ADDWFC CLRF ADDWFC ; MOVF MULWF MOVF ADDWF MOVF ADDWFC CLRF ADDWFC ; BTFSS BRA MOVF SUBWF MOVF SUBWFB ; SIGN_ARG1 BTFSS BRA MOVF SUBWF MOVF SUBWFB ; CONT_CODE : 16 x 16 SIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE ; ARG1L * ARG2L -> ; PRODH:PRODL ; ; EXAMPLE 8-3: MOVF MULWF MOVFF MOVFF ; MOVF MULWF MOVFF MOVFF ; MOVF MULWF MOVF ADDWF MOVF ADDWFC CLRF ADDWFC ; MOVF MULWF MOVF ADDWF MOVF ADDWFC CLRF ADDWFC 16 x 16 UNSIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE ; ARG1L * ARG2L-> ; PRODH:PRODL ; ; ARG1L, W ARG2L PRODH, RES1 PRODL, RES0 ARG1H, W ARG2H PRODH, RES3 PRODL, RES2 ARG1L, W ARG2H PRODL, W RES1, F PRODH, W RES2, F WREG RES3, F ARG1H, W ARG2L PRODL, W RES1, F PRODH, W RES2, F WREG RES3, F ARG2H, 7 SIGN_ARG1 ARG1L, W RES2 ARG1H, W RES3 ARG1L, W ARG2L PRODH, RES1 PRODL, RES0 ARG1H, W ARG2H PRODH, RES3 PRODL, RES2 ARG1L, W ARG2H PRODL, W RES1, F PRODH, W RES2, F WREG RES3, F ARG1H, W ARG2L PRODL, W RES1, F PRODH, W RES2, F WREG RES3, F ; ARG1H * ARG2H-> ; PRODH:PRODL ; ; ; ARG1H * ARG2H -> ; PRODH:PRODL ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ARG1L * ARG2H-> PRODH:PRODL Add cross products ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ARG1L * ARG2H -> PRODH:PRODL Add cross products ARG1H * ARG2L -> PRODH:PRODL Add cross products ARG1H * ARG2L-> PRODH:PRODL Add cross products Example 8-4 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16 signed multiply. Equation 8-2 shows the algorithm used. The 32-bit result is stored in four registers (RES<3:0>). To account for the sign bits of the arguments, the MSb for each argument pair is tested and the appropriate subtractions are done. ; ARG2H:ARG2L neg? ; no, check ARG1 ; ; ; ARG1H, 7 CONT_CODE ARG2L, W RES2 ARG2H, W RES3 ; ARG1H:ARG1L neg? ; no, done ; ; ; DS41412B-page 112 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 9.0 INTERRUPTS 9.2 Interrupt Priority The PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices have multiple interrupt sources and an interrupt priority feature that allows most interrupt sources to be assigned a high or low priority level (INT0 does not have a priority bit, it is always a high priority). The high priority interrupt vector is at 0008h and the low priority interrupt vector is at 0018h. A high priority interrupt event will interrupt a low priority interrupt that may be in progress. There are 19 registers used to control interrupt operation. These registers are: * * * * * INTCON, INTCON2, INTCON3 PIR1, PIR2, PIR3, PIR4, PIR5 PIE1, PIE2, PIE3, PIE4, PIE5 IPR1, IPR2, IPR3, IPR4, IPR5 RCON The interrupt priority feature is enabled by setting the IPEN bit of the RCON register. When interrupt priority is enabled the GIE/GIEH and PEIE/GIEL global interrupt enable bits of Compatibility mode are replaced by the GIEH high priority, and GIEL low priority, global interrupt enables. When set, the GIEH bit of the INTCON register enables all interrupts that have their associated IPRx register or INTCONx register priority bit set (high priority). When clear, the GIEH bit disables all interrupt sources including those selected as low priority. When clear, the GIEL bit of the INTCON register disables only the interrupts that have their associated priority bit cleared (low priority). When set, the GIEL bit enables the low priority sources when the GIEH bit is also set. When the interrupt flag, enable bit and appropriate Global Interrupt Enable (GIE) bit are all set, the interrupt will vector immediately to address 0008h for high priority, or 0018h for low priority, depending on level of the interrupting source's priority bit. Individual interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding interrupt enable bits. It is recommended that the Microchip header files supplied with MPLAB(R) IDE be used for the symbolic bit names in these registers. This allows the assembler/ compiler to automatically take care of the placement of these bits within the specified register. In general, interrupt sources have three bits to control their operation. They are: * Flag bit to indicate that an interrupt event occurred * Enable bit that allows program execution to branch to the interrupt vector address when the flag bit is set * Priority bit to select high priority or low priority 9.3 Interrupt Response 9.1 Mid-Range Compatibility When an interrupt is responded to, the Global Interrupt Enable bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. The GIE/GIEH bit is the global interrupt enable when the IPEN bit is cleared. When the IPEN bit is set, enabling interrupt priority levels, the GIEH bit is the high priority global interrupt enable and the GIEL bit is the low priority global interrupt enable. High priority interrupt sources can interrupt a low priority interrupt. Low priority interrupts are not processed while high priority interrupts are in progress. The return address is pushed onto the stack and the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector address (0008h or 0018h). Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits in the INTCONx and PIRx registers. The interrupt flag bits must be cleared by software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid repeating the same interrupt. The "return from interrupt" instruction, RETFIE, exits the interrupt routine and sets the GIE/GIEH bit (GIEH or GIEL if priority levels are used), which re-enables interrupts. For external interrupt events, such as the INT pins or the PORTB interrupt-on-change, the interrupt latency will be three to four instruction cycles. The exact latency is the same for one-cycle or two-cycle When the IPEN bit is cleared (default state), the interrupt priority feature is disabled and interrupts are compatible with PIC(R) microcontroller mid-range devices. In Compatibility mode, the interrupt priority bits of the IPRx registers have no effect. The PEIE/GIEL bit of the INTCON register is the global interrupt enable for the peripherals. The PEIE/GIEL bit disables only the peripheral interrupt sources and enables the peripheral interrupt sources when the GIE/GIEH bit is also set. The GIE/GIEH bit of the INTCON register is the global interrupt enable which enables all non-peripheral interrupt sources and disables all interrupt sources, including the peripherals. All interrupts branch to address 0008h in Compatibility mode. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 113 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 instructions. Individual interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of their corresponding enable bits or the Global Interrupt Enable bit. Note: Do not use the MOVFF instruction to modify any of the interrupt control registers while any interrupt is enabled. Doing so may cause erratic microcontroller behavior. FIGURE 9-1: PIC18 INTERRUPT LOGIC INT0IF INT0IE TMR0IF TMR0IE TMR0IP RBIF RBIE RBIP INT1IF INT1IE INT1IP INT2IF INT2IE INT2IP Wake-up if in Idle or Sleep modes (1) PIR1<6:0> PIE1<6:0> IPR1<6:0> PIR2<7:0> PIE2<7:0> IPR2<7:0> PIR3<7:0> PIE3<7:0> IPR3<7:0> PIR4<2:0> PIE4<2:0> IPR4<2:0> PIR5<2:0> PIE5<2:0> IPR5<2:0> High Priority Interrupt Generation Low Priority Interrupt Generation PIR1<6:0> PIE1<6:0> IPR1<6:0> PIR2<7:0> PIE2<7:0> IPR2<7:0> PIR3<7:0> PIE3<7:0> IPR3<7:0> PIR4<2:0> PIE4<2:0> IPR4<2:0> PIR5<2:0> PIE5<2:0> IPR5<2:0> Interrupt to CPU Vector to Location 0008h GIEH/GIE IPEN IPEN GIEL/PEIE IPEN TMR0IF TMR0IE TMR0IP RBIF RBIE RBIP INT1IF INT1IE INT1IP INT2IF INT2IE INT2IP (1) Interrupt to CPU Vector to Location 0018h GIEH/GIE GIEL/PEIE Note 1: The RBIF interrupt also requires the individual pin IOCB enables. DS41412B-page 114 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 9.4 INTCON Registers Note: The INTCON registers are readable and writable registers, which contain various enable, priority and flag bits. Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling. REGISTER 9-1: R/W-0 GIE/GIEH bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 INTCON: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 PEIE/GIEL R/W-0 TMR0IE R/W-0 INT0IE R/W-0 RBIE R/W-0 TMR0IF R/W-0 INT0IF R/W-x RBIF bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown GIE/GIEH: Global Interrupt Enable bit When IPEN = 0: 1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts 0 = Disables all interrupts including peripherals When IPEN = 1: 1 = Enables all high priority interrupts 0 = Disables all interrupts including low priority PEIE/GIEL: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit When IPEN = 0: 1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts 0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts When IPEN = 1: 1 = Enables all low priority interrupts 0 = Disables all low priority interrupts TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR0 overflow interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR0 overflow interrupt INT0IE: INT0 External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the INT0 external interrupt 0 = Disables the INT0 external interrupt RBIE: Port B Interrupt-On-Change (IOCx) Interrupt Enable bit(2) 1 = Enables the IOCx port change interrupt 0 = Disables the IOCx port change interrupt TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared by software) 0 = TMR0 register did not overflow INT0IF: INT0 External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The INT0 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = The INT0 external interrupt did not occur RBIF: Port B Interrupt-On-Change (IOCx) Interrupt Flag bit(1) 1 = At least one of the IOC<3:0> (RB<7:4>) pins changed state (must be cleared by software) 0 = None of the IOC<3:0> (RB<7:4>) pins have changed state A mismatch condition will continue to set the RBIF bit. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow the bit to be cleared. RB port change interrupts also require the individual pin IOCB enables. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 115 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-2: R/W-1 RBPU bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown INTCON2: INTERRUPT CONTROL 2 REGISTER R/W-1 INTEDG0 R/W-1 INTEDG1 R/W-1 INTEDG2 U-0 -- R/W-1 TMR0IP U-0 -- R/W-1 RBIP bit 0 RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit 1 = All PORTB pull-ups are disabled 0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled provided that the pin is an input and the corresponding WPUB bit is set. INTEDG0: External Interrupt 0 Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge 0 = Interrupt on falling edge INTEDG1: External Interrupt 1 Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge 0 = Interrupt on falling edge INTEDG2: External Interrupt 2 Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge 0 = Interrupt on falling edge Unimplemented: Read as `0' TMR0IP: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority Unimplemented: Read as `0' RBIP: RB Port Change Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note: DS41412B-page 116 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-3: R/W-1 INT2IP bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown INTCON3: INTERRUPT CONTROL 3 REGISTER R/W-1 INT1IP U-0 -- R/W-0 INT2IE R/W-0 INT1IE U-0 -- R/W-0 INT2IF R/W-0 INT1IF bit 0 INT2IP: INT2 External Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority INT1IP: INT1 External Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority Unimplemented: Read as `0' INT2IE: INT2 External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the INT2 external interrupt 0 = Disables the INT2 external interrupt INT1IE: INT1 External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the INT1 external interrupt 0 = Disables the INT1 external interrupt Unimplemented: Read as `0' INT2IF: INT2 External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The INT2 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = The INT2 external interrupt did not occur INT1IF: INT1 External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The INT1 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = The INT1 external interrupt did not occur Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 117 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 9.5 PIR Registers The PIR registers contain the individual flag bits for the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral interrupt sources, there are five Peripheral Interrupt Request Flag registers (PIR1, PIR2, PIR3, PIR4 and PIR5). Note 1: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE/GIEH of the INTCON register. 2: User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are cleared prior to enabling an interrupt and after servicing that interrupt. REGISTER 9-4: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6 PIR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 1 R/W-0 ADIF R-0 RC1IF R-0 TX1IF R/W-0 SSP1IF R/W-0 CCP1IF R/W-0 TMR2IF R/W-0 TMR1IF bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0'. ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit 1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared by software) 0 = The A/D conversion is not complete or has not been started RC1IF: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The EUSART1 receive buffer, RCREG1, is full (cleared when RCREG1 is read) 0 = The EUSART1 receive buffer is empty TX1IF: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The EUSART1 transmit buffer, TXREG1, is empty (cleared when TXREG1 is written) 0 = The EUSART1 transmit buffer is full SSP1IF: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared by software) 0 = Waiting to transmit/receive CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit Capture mode: 1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred Compare mode: 1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred PWM mode: Unused in this mode TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared by software) 0 = TMR1 register did not overflow bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 118 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-5: R/W-0 OSCFIF bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PIR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 2 R/W-0 C1IF R/W-0 C2IF R/W-0 EEIF R/W-0 BCL1IF R/W-0 HLVDIF R/W-0 TMR3IF R/W-0 CCP2IF bit 0 OSCFIF: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Device oscillator failed, clock input has changed to HFINTOSC (must be cleared by software) 0 = Device clock operating C1IF: Comparator C1 Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Comparator C1 output has changed (must be cleared by software) 0 = Comparator C1 output has not changed C2IF: Comparator C2 Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Comparator C2 output has changed (must be cleared by software) 0 = Comparator C2 output has not changed EEIF: Data EEPROM/Flash Write Operation Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The write operation is complete (must be cleared by software) 0 = The write operation is not complete or has not been started BCL1IF: MSSP1 Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit 1 = A bus collision occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No bus collision occurred HLVDIF: Low-Voltage Detect Interrupt Flag bit 1 = A low-voltage condition occurred (direction determined by the VDIRMAG bit of the HLVDCON register) 0 = A low-voltage condition has not occurred TMR3IF: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR3 register overflowed (must be cleared by software) 0 = TMR3 register did not overflow CCP2IF: CCP2 Interrupt Flag bit Capture mode: 1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred Compare mode: 1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred PWM mode: Unused in this mode. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 119 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-6: R/W-0 SSP2IF bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PIR3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT (FLAG) REGISTER 3 R/W-0 BCL2IF R/W-0 RC2IF R/W-0 TX2IF R/W-0 CTMUIF R/W-0 TMR5GIF R/W-0 TMR3GIF R/W-0 TMR1GIF bit 0 SSP2IF: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software) 0 = Waiting to transmit/receive BCL2IF: MSSP2 Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit 1 = A bus collision has occurred while the SSP2 module configured in I2C master was transmitting (must be cleared in software) 0 = No bus collision occurred RC2IF: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The EUSART2 receive buffer, RCREG2, is full (cleared by reading RCREG2) 0 = The EUSART2 receive buffer is empty TX2IF: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The EUSART2 transmit buffer, TXREG2, is empty (cleared by writing TXREG2) 0 = The EUSART2 transmit buffer is full CTMUIF: CTMU Interrupt Flag bit 1 = CTMU interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No CTMU interrupt occurred TMR5GIF: TMR5 Gate Interrupt Flag bits 1 = TMR gate interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR gate occurred TMR3GIF: TMR3 Gate Interrupt Flag bits 1 = TMR gate interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR gate occurred TMR1GIF: TMR1 Gate Interrupt Flag bits 1 = TMR gate interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR gate occurred bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 120 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-7: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PIR4: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT (FLAG) REGISTER 4 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CCP5IF R/W-0 CCP4IF R/W-0 CCP3IF bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' CCP5IF: CCP5 Interrupt Flag bits Capture mode: 1 = A TMR register capture occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR register capture occurred Compare mode: 1 = A TMR register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR register compare match occurred PWM mode: Unused in PWM mode. CCP4IF: CCP4 Interrupt Flag bits Capture mode: 1 = A TMR register capture occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR register capture occurred Compare mode: 1 = A TMR register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR register compare match occurred PWM mode: Unused in PWM mode. CCP3IF: ECCP3 Interrupt Flag bits Capture mode: 1 = A TMR register capture occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR register capture occurred Compare mode: 1 = A TMR register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR register compare match occurred PWM mode: Unused in PWM mode. bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 121 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-8: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PIR5: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT (FLAG) REGISTER 5 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 TMR6IF R/W-0 TMR5IF R/W-0 TMR4IF bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' TMR6IF: TMR6 to PR6 Match Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR6 to PR6 match occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR6 to PR6 match occurred TMR5IF: TMR5 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR5 register overflowed (must be cleared in software) 0 = TMR5 register did not overflow TMR4IF: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR4 to PR4 match occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR4 to PR4 match occurred bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 122 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 9.6 PIE Registers The PIE registers contain the individual enable bits for the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral interrupt sources, there are five Peripheral Interrupt Enable registers (PIE1, PIE2, PIE3, PIE4 and PIE5). When IPEN = 0, the PEIE/GIEL bit must be set to enable any of these peripheral interrupts. REGISTER 9-9: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6 PIE1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (FLAG) REGISTER 1 R/W-0 ADIE R/W-0 RC1IE R/W-0 TX1IE R/W-0 SSP1IE R/W-0 CCP1IE R/W-0 TMR2IE R/W-0 TMR1IE bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0'. ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the A/D interrupt 0 = Disables the A/D interrupt RC1IE: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the EUSART1 receive interrupt 0 = Disables the EUSART1 receive interrupt TX1IE: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the EUSART1 transmit interrupt 0 = Disables the EUSART1 transmit interrupt SSP1IE: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the MSSP1 interrupt 0 = Disables the MSSP1 interrupt CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt 0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 123 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-10: R/W-0 OSCFIE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PIE2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (FLAG) REGISTER 2 R/W-0 C1IE R/W-0 C2IE R/W-0 EEIE R/W-0 BCL1IE R/W-0 HLVDIE R/W-0 TMR3IE R/W-0 CCP2IE bit 0 OSCFIE: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled C1IE: Comparator C1 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled C2IE: Comparator C2 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled EEIE: Data EEPROM/Flash Write Operation Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled BCL1IE: MSSP1 Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled HLVDIE: Low-Voltage Detect Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled TMR3IE: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled CCP2IE: CCP2 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 124 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-11: R/W-0 SSP2IE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PIE3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (FLAG) REGISTER 3 R/W-0 R/W-0 RC2IE R/W-0 TX2IE R/W-0 CTMUIE R/W-0 TMR5GIE R/W-0 TMR3GIE R/W-0 TMR1GIE bit 0 BCL2IE SSP2IE: TMR5 Gate Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled BCL2IE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled RC2IE: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled TX2IE: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled CTMUIE: CTMU Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled TMR5GIE: TMR5 Gate Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled TMR3GIE: TMR3 Gate Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled TMR1GIE: TMR1 Gate Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 125 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-12: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown PIE4: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (FLAG) REGISTER 4 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CCP5IE R/W-0 CCP4IE R/W-0 CCP3IE bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' CCP5IE: CCP5 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled CCP4IE: CCP4 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled CCP3IE: CCP3 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 1 bit 0 REGISTER 9-13: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 PIE5: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (FLAG) REGISTER 5 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 TMR6IE R/W-0 TMR5IE R/W-0 TMR4IE bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0' TMR6IE: TMR6 to PR6 Match Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR6 to PR6 match interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR6 to PR6 match interrupt TMR5IE: TMR5 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR5 overflow interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR5 overflow interrupt TMR4IE: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR4 to PR4 match interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR4 to PR4 match interrupt bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 126 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 9.7 IPR Registers The IPR registers contain the individual priority bits for the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral interrupt sources, there are five Peripheral Interrupt Priority registers (IPR1, IPR2, IPR3, IPR4 and IPR5). Using the priority bits requires that the Interrupt Priority Enable (IPEN) bit be set. REGISTER 9-14: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6 IPR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 1 R/W-1 ADIP R/W-1 RC1IP R/W-1 TX1IP R/W-1 SSP1IP R/W-1 CCP1IP R/W-1 TMR2IP R/W-1 TMR1IP bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0' ADIP: A/D Converter Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority RC1IP: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TX1IP: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 SSP1IP: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority CCP1IP: CCP1 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR2IP: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR1IP: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 127 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-15: R/W-1 OSCFIP bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown IPR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 2 R/W-1 C1IP R/W-1 C2IP R/W-1 EEIP R/W-1 BCL1IP R/W-1 HLVDIP R/W-1 TMR3IP R/W-1 CCP2IP bit 0 OSCFIP: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority C1IP: Comparator C1 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority C2IP: Comparator C2 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority EEIP: Data EEPROM/Flash Write Operation Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority BCL1IP: MSSP1 Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority HLVDIP: Low-Voltage Detect Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR3IP: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority CCP2IP: CCP2 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 128 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-16: R/W-0 SSP2IP bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown IPR3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 3 R/W-0 R/W-0 RC2IP R/W-0 TX2IP R/W-0 CTMUIP R/W-0 TMR5GIP R/W-0 TMR3GIP R/W-0 TMR1GIP bit 0 BCL2IP SSP2IP: Synchronous Serial Port 2 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority BCL2IP: Bus Collision 2 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority RC2IP: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TX2IP: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority CTMUIP: CTMU Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR5GIP: TMR5 Gate Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR3GIP: TMR3 Gate Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR1GIP: TMR1 Gate Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 129 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 9-17: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown IPR4: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 4 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CCP5IP R/W-0 CCP4IP R/W-0 CCP3IP bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' CCP5IP: CCP5 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority CCP4IP: CCP4 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority CCP3IP: CCP3 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 1 bit 0 REGISTER 9-18: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 IPR5: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 5 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 TMR6IP R/W-0 TMR5IP R/W-0 TMR4IP bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0' TMR6IP: TMR6 to PR6 Match Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR5IP: TMR5 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority TMR4IP: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 130 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 9.8 INTn Pin Interrupts 9.9 TMR0 Interrupt External interrupts on the RB0/INT0, RB1/INT1 and RB2/INT2 pins are edge-triggered. If the corresponding INTEDGx bit in the INTCON2 register is set (= 1), the interrupt is triggered by a rising edge; if the bit is clear, the trigger is on the falling edge. When a valid edge appears on the RBx/INTx pin, the corresponding flag bit, INTxF, is set. This interrupt can be disabled by clearing the corresponding enable bit, INTxE. Flag bit, INTxF, must be cleared by software in the Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling the interrupt. All external interrupts (INT0, INT1 and INT2) can wakeup the processor from Idle or Sleep modes if bit INTxE was set prior to going into those modes. If the Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE/GIEH, is set, the processor will branch to the interrupt vector following wake-up. Interrupt priority for INT1 and INT2 is determined by the value contained in the interrupt priority bits, INT1IP and INT2IP of the INTCON3 register. There is no priority bit associated with INT0. It is always a high priority interrupt source. In 8-bit mode (which is the default), an overflow in the TMR0 register (FFh 00h) will set flag bit, TMR0IF. In 16-bit mode, an overflow in the TMR0H:TMR0L register pair (FFFFh 0000h) will set TMR0IF. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, TMR0IE of the INTCON register. Interrupt priority for Timer0 is determined by the value contained in the interrupt priority bit, TMR0IP of the INTCON2 register. See Section 11.0 "Timer0 Module" for further details on the Timer0 module. 9.10 PORTB Interrupt-on-Change An input change on PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit, RBIF of the INTCON register. The interrupt can be enabled/ disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, RBIE of the INTCON register. Pins must also be individually enabled with the IOCB register. Interrupt priority for PORTB interrupt-on-change is determined by the value contained in the interrupt priority bit, RBIP of the INTCON2 register. 9.11 Context Saving During Interrupts During interrupts, the return PC address is saved on the stack. Additionally, the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers are saved on the fast return stack. If a fast return from interrupt is not used (see Section 5.1.3 "Fast Register Stack"), the user may need to save the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers on entry to the Interrupt Service Routine. Depending on the user's application, other registers may also need to be saved. Example 9-1 saves and restores the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers during an Interrupt Service Routine. EXAMPLE 9-1: SAVING STATUS, WREG AND BSR REGISTERS IN RAM ; W_TEMP is in virtual bank ; STATUS_TEMP located anywhere ; BSR_TMEP located anywhere MOVWF W_TEMP MOVFF STATUS, STATUS_TEMP MOVFF BSR, BSR_TEMP ; ; USER ISR CODE ; MOVFF BSR_TEMP, BSR MOVF W_TEMP, W MOVFF STATUS_TEMP, STATUS ; Restore BSR ; Restore WREG ; Restore STATUS 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 131 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 9-1: Name ANSELB INTCON INTCON2 INTCON3 IOCB IPR1 IPR2 IPR3 IPR4 IPR5 PIE1 PIE2 PIE3 PIE4 PIE5 PIR1 PIR2 PIR3 PIR4 PIR5 PORTB RCON Legend: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERRUPTS Bit 7 -- RBPU INT2IP IOCB7 -- OSCFIP SSP2IP -- -- -- OSCFIE SSP2IE -- -- -- OSCFIF SSP2IF -- -- RB7 IPEN Bit 6 -- INTEDG0 INT1IP IOCB6 ADIP C1IP BCL2IP -- -- ADIE C1IE BCL2IE -- -- ADIF C1IF BCL2IF -- -- RB6 SBOREN Bit 5 ANSB5 TMR0IE -- IOCB5 RC1IP C2IP RC2IP -- -- RC1IE C2IE RC2IE -- -- RC1IF C2IF RC2IF -- -- RB5 -- Bit 4 ANSB4 INT0IE INT2IE IOCB4 TX1IP EEIP TX2IP -- -- TX1IE EEIE TX2IE -- -- TX1IF EEIF TX2IF -- -- RB4 RI Bit 3 ANSB3 RBIE -- INT1IE -- SSP1IP BCL1IP -- -- SSP1IE BCL1IE -- -- SSP1IF BCL1IF -- -- RB3 TO Bit 2 ANSB2 TMR0IF TMR0IP -- -- CCP1IP HLVDIP CCP5IP TMR6IP CCP1IE HLVDIE CCP5IE TMR6IE CCP1IF HLVDIF CCP5IF TMR6IF RB2 PD Bit 1 ANSB1 INT0IF -- INT2IF -- TMR2IP TMR3IP CCP4IP TMR5IP TMR2IE TMR3IE CCP4IE TMR5IE TMR2IF TMR3IF CCP4IF TMR5IF RB1 POR Bit 0 ANSB0 RBIF RBIP INT1IF -- TMR1IP CCP2IP CCP3IP TMR4IP TMR1IE CCP2IE CCP3IE TMR4IE TMR1IF CCP2IF TMR1GIF CCP3IF TMR4IF RB0 BOR Register on Page 153 115 116 117 156 127 128 129 130 130 123 124 125 126 126 118 119 120 121 122 151 60 GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL INTEDG1 INTEDG2 CTMUIP TMR5GIP TMR3GIP TMR1GIP CTMUIE TMR5GIE TMR3GIE TMR1GIE CTMUIF TMR5GIF TMR3GIF -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for Interrupts. TABLE 9-2: Name CONFIG3H CONFIG4L Legend: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERRUPTS Bit 7 MCLRE DEBUG Bit 6 -- XINST Bit 5 P2BMX -- Bit 4 T3CMX -- Bit 3 HFOFST -- Bit 2 CCP3MX LVP Bit 1 PBADEN -- Bit 0 CCP2MX STRVEN Register on Page 354 355 -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for Interrupts. DS41412B-page 132 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 10.0 I/O PORTS 10.1 PORTA Registers Depending on the device selected and features enabled, there are up to five ports available. All pins of the I/O ports are multiplexed with one or more alternate functions from the peripheral features on the device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin. Each port has five registers for its operation. These registers are: * TRIS register (data direction register) * PORT register (reads the levels on the pins of the device) * LAT register (output latch) * ANSEL register (analog input control) * SLRCON register (port slew rate control) The Data Latch (LAT register) is useful for read-modifywrite operations on the value that the I/O pins are driving. A simplified model of a generic I/O port, without the interfaces to other peripherals, is shown in Figure 10-1. PORTA is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISA. Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the pins, whereas writing to it, will write to the PORT latch. The Data Latch (LATA) register is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATA register read and write the latched output value for PORTA. The RA4 pin is multiplexed with the Timer0 module clock input and one of the comparator outputs to become the RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT pin. Pins RA6 and RA7 are multiplexed with the main oscillator pins; they are enabled as oscillator or I/O pins by the selection of the main oscillator in the Configuration register (see Section 24.1 "Configuration Bits" for details). When they are not used as port pins, RA6 and RA7 and their associated TRIS and LAT bits are read as `0'. The other PORTA pins are multiplexed with analog inputs, the analog VREF+ and VREF- inputs, and the comparator voltage reference output. The operation of pins RA<3:0> and RA5 as analog is selected by setting the ANSELA<5, 3:0> bits in the ANSELA register which is the default setting after a Power-on Reset. Pins RA0 through RA5 may also be used as comparator inputs or outputs by setting the appropriate bits in the CM1CON0 and CM2CON0 registers. Note: ANSELx FIGURE 10-1: GENERIC I/O PORT OPERATION TRISx RD LAT Data Bus WR LAT or Port D CK Q I/O pin(1) Data Latch D WR TRIS CK TRIS Latch Input Buffer Q On a Power-on Reset, RA5 and RA<3:0> are configured as analog inputs and read as `0'. RA4 is configured as a digital input. The RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. All other PORTA pins have TTL input levels and full CMOS output drivers. The TRISA register controls the drivers of the PORTA pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs. The user should ensure the bits in the TRISA register are maintained set when using them as analog inputs. RD TRIS Q D EN EN RD Port Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS. EXAMPLE 10-1: MOVLB CLRF 0xF PORTA ; ; ; ; LATA ; ; ; E0h ; ANSELA ; 0CFh ; ; ; TRISA ; ; INITIALIZING PORTA Set BSR for banked SFRs Initialize PORTA by clearing output data latches Alternate method to clear output data latches Configure I/O for digital inputs Value used to initialize data direction Set RA<3:0> as inputs RA<5:4> as outputs CLRF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 133 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-1: Pin Name RA0/C12IN0-/AN0 PORTA I/O SUMMARY Function RA0 TRIS ANSEL Setting Setting 0 1 C12IN0AN0 1 1 0 1 C12IN1AN1 1 1 0 1 C2IN+ AN2 DACOUT VREF1 1 x 1 0 1 C1IN+ AN3 VREF+ 1 1 1 0 1 CCP5 0 1 C1OUT SRQ T0CKI 0 0 1 0 1 C2OUT SRNQ SS1 HLVDIN AN4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 Pin Type O I I I O I I I O I I I O I O I I I I O I O I O O I O I O O I I I Buffer Type DIG TTL AN AN DIG TTL AN AN DIG TTL AN AN AN AN DIG TTL AN AN AN DIG TTL DIG ST DIG DIG ST DIG TTL DIG DIG TTL AN AN Description LATA<0> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTA<0> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 0. LATA<1> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTA<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 1. LATA<2> data output; not affected by analog input; disabled when DACOUT enabled. PORTA<2> data input; disabled when analog input enabled; disabled when DACOUT enabled. Comparator C2 non-inverting input. Analog output 2. DAC Reference output. A/D reference voltage (low) input. LATA<3> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTA<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Comparator C1 non-inverting input. Analog input 3. A/D reference voltage (high) input. LATA<4> data output. PORTA<4> data input; default configuration on POR. CCP5 Compare output/PWM output, takes priority over RA4 output. Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/ PWM 5 output. Comparator C1 output. SR Latch Q output; take priority over CCP 5 output. Timer0 external clock input. LATA<5> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTA<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Comparator C2 output. SR Latch Q output. SPI slave select input (MSSP1). High/Low-Voltage Detect input. A/D input 4. RA1/C12IN1-/AN1 RA1 RA2/C2IN+/AN2/ DACOUT/VREF- RA2 RA3/C1IN+/AN3/ VREF+ RA3 RA4/CCP5/ C1OUT/SRQ/ T0CKI RA4 RA5/C2OUT/ SRNQ/SS1/ HLVDIN/AN4 RA5 Legend: AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. DS41412B-page 134 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-1: Pin Name RA6/CLKO/OSC2 PORTA I/O SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Function RA6 TRIS ANSEL Setting Setting 0 1 CLKO OSC2 x x 0 1 CLKI OSC1 x x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x Pin Type O I O O O I I I Buffer Type DIG TTL DIG XTAL DIG TTL AN XTAL Description LATA<6> data output; enabled in INTOSC modes when CLKO is not enabled. PORTA<6> data input; enabled in INTOSC modes when CLKO is not enabled. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate. Oscillator crystal output; connects to crystal or resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode. LATA<7> data output; disabled in external oscillator modes. PORTA<7> data input; disabled in external oscillator modes. External clock source input; always associated with pin function OSC1. Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS otherwise. RA7/CLKI/OSC1 RA7 Legend: AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. TABLE 10-2: Name ANSELA CM1CON0 CM2CON0 VREFCON1 VREFCON2 HLVDCON PORTA SLRCON SRCON0 SSP1CON1 T0CON TRISA REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA Bit 7 -- C1ON C2ON DACEN -- VDIRMAG RA7 -- SRLEN WCOL TMR0ON TRISA7 SSPOV T08BIT TRISA6 Bit 6 -- C1OUT C2OUT DACLPS -- BGVST RA6 -- Bit 5 ANSA5 C1OE C2OE DACOE -- IRVST RA5 -- SRCLK<2:0> SSPEN T0CS TRISA5 CKP T0SE TRISA4 PSA TRISA3 TRISA2 HLVDEN RA4 SLRE RA3 SLRD SRQEN Bit 4 -- C1POL C2POL -- Bit 3 ANSA3 C1SP C2SP Bit 2 ANSA2 C1R C2R DACR<4:0> HLVDL<3:0> RA2 SLRC SRNQEN RA1 SLRB SRPS T0PS<2:0> TRISA1 TRISA0 RA0 SLRA SRPR Bit 1 ANSA1 Bit 0 ANSA0 Register on Page 152 310 311 341 342 343 151 156 335 256 157 154 C1CH<1:0> C2CH<1:0> -- DACNSS DACPSS<1:0> SSPM<3:0> Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTA. TABLE 10-3: Name CONFIG1H CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA Bit 7 IESO Bit 6 FCMEN Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 351 PRICLKEN PLLCFG FOSC<3:0> Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTA. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 135 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 10.1.1 PORTA OUTPUT PRIORITY Each PORTA pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins, their combined functions and their output priorities are briefly described here. For additional information, refer to the appropriate section in this data sheet. When multiple outputs are enabled, the actual pin control goes to the peripheral with the higher priority. Table 10-4 lists the PORTA pin functions from the highest to the lowest priority. Analog input functions, such as ADC and comparator, are not shown in the priority lists. These inputs are active when the I/O pin is set for Analog mode using the ANSELx registers. Digital output functions may control the pin when it is in Analog mode with the priority shown below. TABLE 10-4: Port bit 0 PORT PIN FUNCTION PRIORITY Port Function Priority by Port Pin PORTA RA0 PORTB CCP4(1) RB0 PORTC SOSCO P2B(6) RC0 SOSCI CCP2(3) P2A(3) RC1 CCP1 P1A CTPLS RC2 SCL1 SCK1 RC3 SDA1 RC4 SDO2 P2D RD4 P2C RD3 MCLR VPP RE3 P2B RD2(4) CCP5 RE2 PORTD(2) SCL2 SCK2 RD0 SDA2 CCP4 RD1 PORTE(2) CCP3(8) P3A(8) RE0 P3B RE1 1 RA1 SCL2(1) SCK2(1) P1C(1) RB1 2 RA2 SDA2(1) P1B(1) RB2 3 RA3 SDO2 (1) CCP2(6) P2A(6) RB3 4 SRQ C1OUT CCP5 Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: (1) P1D(1) RB4 RA4 PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices. PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. Function default pin. Function default pin (28-pin devices). Function default pin (40/44-pin devices). Function alternate pin. Function alternate pin (28-pin devices). Function alternate pin (40/44-pin devices) DS41412B-page 136 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-4: Port bit 5 PORT PIN FUNCTION PRIORITY (CONTINUED) Port Function Priority by Port Pin PORTA SRNQ C2OUT RA5 PORTB CCP3(3) P3A(3) P2B(1)(4) RB5 PGC TX2/CK2(1) RB6 ICDCK TX1/CK1 CCP3(1)(7) P3A(1)(7) RC6 RX1/DT1 (1) PORTC SDO1 RC5 PORTD(2) P1B RD5 PORTE(2) 6 OSC2 CLKO RA6 TX2/CK2 P1C RD6 7 RA7 OSC1 RA7 PGD RX2/DT2 RB7 ICDDT RX2/DT2 P1D RD7 P3B(1) RC7 Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices. PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. Function default pin. Function default pin (28-pin devices). Function default pin (40/44-pin devices). Function alternate pin. Function alternate pin (28-pin devices). Function alternate pin (40/44-pin devices) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 137 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 10.2 PORTB Registers 10.3 Additional PORTB Pin Functions PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). The Data Latch register (LATB) is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATB register read and write the latched output value for PORTB. PORTB pins RB<7:4> have an interrupt-on-change option. All PORTB pins have a weak pull-up option. 10.3.1 WEAK PULL-UPS EXAMPLE 10-2: MOVLB CLRF ; ; ; ; LATB ; ; ; 0F0h ; ANSELB ; ; ; ; 0CFh ; ; ; TRISB ; ; ; 0xF PORTB INITIALIZING PORTB Set BSR for banked SFRs Initialize PORTB by clearing output data latches Alternate method to clear output data latches Value for init Enable RB<3:0> for digital input pins (not required if config bit PBADEN is clear) Value used to initialize data direction Set RB<3:0> as inputs RB<5:4> as outputs RB<7:6> as inputs Each of the PORTB pins has an individually controlled weak internal pull-up. When set, each bit of the WPUB register enables the corresponding pin pull-up. When cleared, the RBPU bit of the INTCON2 register enables pull-ups on all pins which also have their corresponding WPUB bit set. When set, the RBPU bit disables all weak pull-ups. The weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on a Power-on Reset. Note: On a Power-on Reset, RB<5:0> are configured as analog inputs by default and read as `0'; RB<7:6> are configured as digital inputs. When the PBADEN Configuration bit is set to `1', RB<5:0> will alternatively be configured as digital inputs on POR. CLRF MOVLW MOVWF 10.3.2 INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE MOVLW MOVWF Four of the PORTB pins (RB<7:4>) are individually configurable as interrupt-on-change pins. Control bits in the IOCB register enable (when set) or disable (when clear) the interrupt function for each pin. When set, the RBIE bit of the INTCON register enables interrupts on all pins which also have their corresponding IOCB bit set. When clear, the RBIE bit disables all interrupt-on-changes. Only pins configured as inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any RB<7:4> pin configured as an output is excluded from the interrupt-on-change comparison). For enabled interrupt-on-change pins, the values are compared with the old value latched on the last read of PORTB. The `mismatch' outputs of the last read are OR'd together to set the PORTB Change Interrupt flag bit (RBIF) in the INTCON register. This interrupt can wake the device from the Sleep mode, or any of the Idle modes. The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) Any read or write of PORTB to clear the mismatch condition (except when PORTB is the source or destination of a MOVFF instruction). Execute at least one instruction after reading or writing PORTB, then clear the flag bit, RBIF. 10.2.1 PORTB OUTPUT PRIORITY Each PORTB pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins, their combined functions and their output priorities are briefly described here. For additional information, refer to the appropriate section in this data sheet. When multiple outputs are enabled, the actual pin control goes to the peripheral with the higher priority. Table 10-4 lists the PORTB pin functions from the highest to the lowest priority. Analog input functions, such as ADC, comparator and SR Latch inputs, are not shown in the priority lists. These inputs are active when the I/O pin is set for Analog mode using the ANSELx registers. Digital output functions may control the pin when it is in Analog mode with the priority shown below. b) DS41412B-page 138 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 A mismatch condition will continue to set the RBIF flag bit. Reading or writing PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow the RBIF bit to be cleared. The latch holding the last read value is not affected by a MCLR nor Brown-out Reset. After either one of these Resets, the RBIF flag will continue to be set if a mismatch is present. Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when the read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the RBIF interrupt flag may not get set. Furthermore, since a read or write on a port affects all bits of that port, care must be taken when using multiple pins in Interrupt-on-change mode. Changes on one pin may not be seen while servicing changes on another pin. 10.3.3 ALTERNATE FUNCTIONS PORTB is multiplexed with several peripheral functions (Table 10-5). The pins have TTL input buffers. Some of these pin functions can be relocated to alternate pins using the Control fuse bits in CONFIG3H. RB5 is the default pin for P2B (28-pin devices). Clearing the P2BMX bit moves the pin function to RC0. RB5 is also the default pin for the CCP3/P3A peripheral pin. Clearing the CCP3MX bit moves the pin function to the RC6 pin (28-pin devices) or RE0 (40/44-pin devices). Two other pin functions, T3CKI and CCP2/P2A, can be relocated from their default pins to PORTB pins by clearing the control fuses in CONFIG3H. Clearing T3CMX and CCP2MX moves the pin functions to RB5 and RB3, respectively. The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for wake-up on key depression operation and operations where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while using the interrupt-on-change feature. TABLE 10-5: Pin RB0/INT0/CCP4/ FLT0/SRI/SS2/ AN12 PORTB I/O SUMMARY Function RB0 TRIS ANSEL Setting Setting 0 1 INT0 CCP4(3) FLT0 SRI SS2(3) AN12 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 INT1 P1C(3) SCK2(3) SCL2(3) C12IN3AN10 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 Pin Type O I I O I I I I I O I I O O I O I I I Buffer Type DIG TTL ST DIG ST ST ST TTL AN DIG ST ST DIG DIG ST DIG I2C AN AN Description LATB<0> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<0> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. External interrupt 0. Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output. Capture 4 input. PWM Fault input for ECCP auto-shutdown. SR Latch input. SPI slave select input (MSSP2). Analog input 12. LATB<1> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. External Interrupt 1. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 3. MSSP2 SPI Clock output. MSSP2 SPI Clock input. MSSP2 I2CTM Clock output. MSSP2 I2CTM Clock input. Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 10. RB1/INT1/P1C/ SCK2/SCL2/ C12IN3-/AN10 RB1 Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. Function on PORTD and PORTE for PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 139 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-5: Pin RB2/INT2/CTED1/ P1B/SDI2/SDA2/ AN8 PORTB I/O SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Function RB2 TRIS ANSEL Setting Setting 0 1 INT2 CTED1 P1B(3) SDI2(3) SDA2 (3) Pin Type O I I I O I O I I O I I O O I O I I O I I O I I O I I O O O I I I I Buffer Type DIG ST ST ST DIG ST DIG I2C AN DIG ST ST DIG DIG ST DIG AN AN DIG ST TTL DIG ST AN DIG ST TTL DIG DIG DIG ST ST ST AN Description LATB<2> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<2> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. External interrupt 2. CTMU Edge 1 input. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 2. MSSP2 SPI data input. MSSP2 I2CTM data output. MSSP2 I2CTM data input. Analog input 8. LATB<3> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. CTMU Edge 2 input. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 1. Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output. Capture 2 input. MSSP2 SPI data output. Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog input 9. LATB<4> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<4> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Interrupt-on-change pin. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 4. Timer5 external clock gate input. Analog input 11. LATB<5> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Interrupt-on-change pin 1. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output 2. Enhanced CCP3 PWM output 1. Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output. Capture 3 input. Timer3 clock input. Timer1 external clock gate input. Analog input 13. 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 AN8 RB3/CTED2/P2A/ CCP2/SDO2/ C12IN2-/AN9 RB3 CTED2 P2A CCP2(2) SDO2(2) C12IN2AN9 RB4/IOC0/P1D/ T5G/AN11 RB4 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 IOC0 P1D T5G AN11 RB5/IOC1/P2B/ P3A/CCP3/T3CKI/ T1G/AN13 RB5 1 0 1 1 0 1 IOC1 P2B(1)(3) P3A(1) CCP3(1) T3CKI(2) T1G AN13 Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. Function on PORTD and PORTE for PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. DS41412B-page 140 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-5: Pin RB6/KBI2/PGC PORTB I/O SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Function RB6 TRIS ANSEL Setting Setting 0 1 IOC2 TX2(3) CK2(3) PGC 1 0 0 1 x 0 1 IOC3 RX2(2), (3) DT2(2), (3) PGD 1 1 0 1 x x 1 0 0 1 1 0 x 1 0 0 0 1 0 x x Pin Type O I I O O I I O I I I O I O I Buffer Type DIG ST TTL DIG DIG ST ST DIG ST TTL ST DIG ST DIG ST Description LATB<6> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<6> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Interrupt-on-change pin. EUSART 2 asynchronous transmit data output. EUSART 2 synchronous serial clock output. EUSART 2 synchronous serial clock input. In-Circuit Debugger and ICSPTM programming clock input. LATB<7> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTB<7> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Interrupt-on-change pin. EUSART 2 asynchronous receive data input. EUSART 2 synchronous serial data output. EUSART 2 synchronous serial data input. In-Circuit Debugger and ICSPTM programming data output. In-Circuit Debugger and ICSPTM programming data input. RB7/KBI3/PGD RB7 Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. Function on PORTD and PORTE for PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. TABLE 10-6: Name ANSELB ECCP2AS CCP2CON ECCP3AS CCP3CON INTCON INTCON2 INTCON3 IOCB LATB PORTB SLRCON T1GCON T3CON T5GCON TRISB WPUB Legend: Note 1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB Bit 7 -- Bit 6 -- P2M<1:0> Bit 5 ANSB5 CCP2AS<2:0> DC2B<1:0> CCP3AS<2:0> DC3B<1:0> TMR0IE INTEDG1 -- IOCB5 LATB5 RB5 -- T1GTM T5GTM TRISB5 WPUB5 INT0IE INTEDG2 INT2IE IOCB4 LATB4 RB4 SLRE(1) T1GSPM T5GSPM TRISB4 WPUB4 RBIE -- INT1IE -- LATB3 RB3 SLRD(1) T1GGO/DONE T3SOSCEN T5GGO_DONE TRISB3 WPUB3 Bit 4 ANSB4 Bit 3 ANSB3 Bit 2 ANSB2 Bit 1 ANSB1 Bit 0 ANSB0 Register on Page 153 205 CCP2ASE CCP3ASE P3M<1:0> GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL RBPU INT2IP IOCB7 LATB7 RB7 -- TMR1GE TMR5GE TRISB7 WPUB7 INTEDG0 INT1IP IOCB6 LATB6 RB6 -- T1GPOL T5GPOL TRISB6 WPUB6 P2SSAC<1:0> CCP2M<3:0> P3SSAC<1:0> CCP3M<3:0> TMR0IF TMR0IP -- -- LATB2 RB2 SLRC T1GVAL T3SYNC T5GVAL TRISB2 WPUB2 P2SSBD<1:0> P3SSBD<1:0> INT0IF -- INT2IF -- LATB1 RB1 SLRB T3RD16 TRISB1 WPUB1 RBIF RBIP INT1IF -- LATB0 RB0 SLRA TMR3ON TRISB0 WPUB0 201 205 201 115 116 117 156 155 151 156 171 170 171 154 155 T1GSS<1:0> T5GSS TMR3CS<1:0> T3CKPS<1:0> -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTB. Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 141 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-7: Name CONFIG3H CONFIG4L Legend: Note 1: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB Bit 7 MCLRE DEBUG Bit 6 -- XINST Bit 5 P2BMX -- Bit 4 T3CMX -- Bit 3 HFOFST -- Bit 2 CCP3MX LVP(1) Bit 1 PBADEN -- Bit 0 CCP2MX STRVEN Register on Page 354 355 -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTB. Can only be changed when in high voltage programming mode. 10.4 PORTC Registers EXAMPLE 10-3: MOVLB CLRF ; ; ; ; LATC ; ; ; 0CFh ; ; ; TRISC ; ; ; 30h ; ; ANSELC ; ; ; 0xF PORTC INITIALIZING PORTC Set BSR for banked SFRs Initialize PORTC by clearing output data latches Alternate method to clear output data latches Value used to initialize data direction Set RC<3:0> as inputs RC<5:4> as outputs RC<7:6> as inputs Value used to enable digital inputs RC<3:2> dig input enable No ANSEL bits for RC<1:0> RC<7:6> dig input enable PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISC. Setting a TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). The Data Latch register (LATC) is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATC register read and write the latched output value for PORTC. PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions (Table 10-8). The pins have Schmitt Trigger input buffers. Some of these pin functions can be relocated to alternate pins using the Control fuse bits in CONFIG3H. RC0 is the default pin for T3CKI. Clearing the T3CMX bit moves the pin function to RB5. RC1 is the default pin for the CCP2 peripheral pin. Clearing the CCP2MX bit moves the pin function to the RB3 pin. Two other pin functions, P2B and CCP3, can be relocated from their default pins to PORTC pins by clearing the control fuses in CONFIG3H. Clearing P2BMX and CCP3MX moves the pin functions to RC0 and RC6(1)/ RE0(2), respectively. When enabling peripheral functions, care should be taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. The EUSART and MSSP peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an output or an input, depending on the peripheral configuration. Refer to the corresponding peripheral section for additional information. Note: On a Power-on Reset, these pins are configured as analog inputs. CLRF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF 10.4.1 PORTC OUTPUT PRIORITY Each PORTC pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins, their combined functions and their output priorities are briefly described here. For additional information, refer to the appropriate section in this data sheet. When multiple outputs are enabled, the actual pin control goes to the peripheral with the higher priority. Table 10-4 lists the PORTC pin functions from the highest to the lowest priority. Analog input functions, such as ADC, comparator and SR Latch inputs, are not shown in the priority lists. These inputs are active when the I/O pin is set for Analog mode using the ANSELx registers. Digital output functions may control the pin when it is in Analog mode with the priority shown below. The contents of the TRISC register are affected by peripheral overrides. Reading TRISC always returns the current contents, even though a peripheral device may be overriding one or more of the pins. DS41412B-page 142 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-8: Pin Name RC0/P2B/T3CKI/T3G/ T1CKI/SOSCO PORTC I/O SUMMARY Function RC0 TRIS Setting 0 1 P2B(2) T3CKI(1) T3G T1CKI SOSCO 0 1 1 1 x 0 1 P2A CCP2(1) SOSCI 0 0 1 x 0 1 CTPLS P1A CCP1 T5CKI AN14 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 SCK1 SCL1 AN15 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 SDI1 SDA1 AN16 1 0 1 1 ANSEL setting 1 0 1 0 0 0 -- 1 0 1 1 0 -- 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Pin Type O I O I I I O O I O O I I O I O O O I I I O I O I O I I O I I O I I Buffer Type DIG ST DIG ST ST ST XTAL DIG ST DIG DIG ST XTAL DIG ST DIG DIG DIG ST ST AN DIG ST DIG ST DIG I2C AN DIG ST ST DIG I2C AN Description LATC<0> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<0> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output 2. Timer3 clock input. Timer3 external clock gate input. Timer1 clock input. Secondary oscillator output. LATC<1> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output 1. Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output. Capture 2 input. Secondary oscillator input. LATC<2> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<2> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. CTMU pulse generator output. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 1. Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output. Capture 1 input. Timer5 clock input. Analog input 14. LATC<3> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. MSSP1 SPI Clock output. MSSP1 SPI Clock input. MSSP1 I2CTM Clock output. MSSP1 I2CTM Clock input. Analog input 15. LATC<4> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<4> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. MSSP1 SPI data input. MSSP1 I2CTM data output. MSSP1 I2CTM data input. Analog input 16. RC1/P2A/CCP2/SOSCI RC1 RC2/CTPLS/P1A/ CCP1/T5CKI/AN14 RC2 RC3/SCK1/SCL1/AN15 RC3 RC4/SDI1/SDA1/AN16 RC4 Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. Function on PORTD and PORTE for PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 143 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-8: Pin Name RC5/SDO1/AN17 PORTC I/O SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Function RC5 TRIS Setting 0 1 SDO1 AN17 0 0 1 P3A(2), (3) CCP3(2), (3) TX1 CK1 AN18 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 P3B RX1 DT1 AN19 0 1 0 1 1 ANSEL setting 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Pin Type O I O I O I O O I O O I I O I O I O I I Buffer Type DIG ST DIG AN DIG ST Description LATC<5> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. MSSP1 SPI data output. Analog input 17. LATC<6> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<6> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output. Capture 3 input. EUSART 1 asynchronous transmit data output. EUSART 1 synchronous serial clock output. EUSART 1 synchronous serial clock input. Analog input 18. LATC<7> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTC<7> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. EUSART 1 asynchronous receive data in. EUSART 1 synchronous serial data output. EUSART 1 synchronous serial data input. Analog input 19. RC6/P3A/CCP3/TX1/ CK1/AN18 RC6 CMOS Enhanced CCP3 PWM output 1. DIG ST DIG DIG ST AN DIG ST RC7/P3B/RX1/DT1/ AN19 RC7 CMOS Enhanced CCP3 PWM output 2. ST DIG ST AN Legend: Note 1: 2: AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. Alternate pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are clear. Function on PORTD and PORTE for PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 3: DS41412B-page 144 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-9: Name ANSELC ECCP1AS CCP1CON ECCP2AS CCP2CON CTMUCONH LATC PORTC RCSTA1 SLRCON SSP1CON1 T1CON T3CON T3GCON T5CON TRISC TXSTA1 Legend: Note 1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC Bit 7 ANSC7 CCP1ASE P1M<1:0> CCP2ASE P2M<1:0> CTMUEN LATC7 RC7 SPEN -- WCOL -- LATC6 RC6 RX9 -- SSPOV Bit 6 ANSC6 Bit 5 ANSC5 CCP1AS<2:0> DC1B<1:0> CCP2AS<2:0> DC2B<1:0> CTMUSIDL LATC5 RC5 SREN -- SSPEN TGEN LATC4 RC4 CREN SLRE(1) CKP T1SOSCEN T3SOSCEN T5OSCEN TRISC3 SENDB EDGEN LATC3 RC3 ADDEN SLRD(1) Bit 4 ANSC4 Bit 3 ANSC3 Bit 2 ANSC2 CCP1M<3:0> P2SSAC<1:0> CCP2M<3:0> EDGSEQEN LATC2 RC2 FERR SLRC SSPM<3:0> T1SYNC T3SYNC T3GVAL T5SYNC TRISC2 BRGH T1RD16 T3RD16 T5RD16 TRISC1 TRMT TMR1ON TMR3ON TMR5ON TRISC0 TX9D IDISSEN LATC1 RC1 OERR SLRB CTTRIG LATC0 RC0 RX9D SLRA P2SSBD<1:0> Bit 1 -- Bit 0 -- Register on Page 153 205 P1SSAC<1:0> P1SSBD<1:0> 201 205 201 329 155 151 273 156 256 170 170 171 170 154 272 TMR1CS<1:0> TMR3CS<1:0> TMR3GE TRISC7 CSRC T3GPOL TRISC6 TX9 TMR5CS<1:0> T1CKPS<1:0> T3CKPS<1:0> T3GTM TRISC5 TXEN T5CKPS<1:0> TRISC4 SYNC T3GSPM T3GGO/DONE T3GSS -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTC. Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. TABLE 10-10: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC Name CONFIG3H Legend: Bit 7 MCLRE Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 CCP3MX Bit 1 PBADEN Bit 0 CCP2MX Register on Page 354 -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTC. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 145 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 10.5 Note: PORTD Registers PORTD is only available on 40-pin and 44pin devices. 10.5.1 PORTD OUTPUT PRIORITY PORTD is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISD. Setting a TRISD bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTD pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISD bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTD pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). The Data Latch register (LATD) is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATD register read and write the latched output value for PORTD. All pins on PORTD are implemented with Schmitt Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually configurable as an input or output. All of the PORTD pins are multiplexed with analog and digital peripheral modules. See Table . Note: On a Power-on Reset, these pins are configured as analog inputs. Each PORTD pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins, their combined functions and their output priorities are briefly described here. For additional information, refer to the appropriate section in this data sheet. When multiple outputs are enabled, the actual pin control goes to the peripheral with the higher priority. Table 10-4 lists the PORTD pin functions from the highest to the lowest priority. Analog input functions, such as ADC, comparator and SR Latch inputs, are not shown in the priority lists. These inputs are active when the I/O pin is set for Analog mode using the ANSELx registers. Digital output functions may control the pin when it is in Analog mode with the priority shown below. EXAMPLE 10-4: MOVLB CLRF ; ; ; ; LATD ; ; ; 0CFh ; ; ; TRISD ; ; ; 30h ; ; ANSELD ; ; 0xF PORTD INITIALIZING PORTD Set BSR for banked SFRs Initialize PORTD by clearing output data latches Alternate method to clear output data latches Value used to initialize data direction Set RD<3:0> as inputs RD<5:4> as outputs RD<7:6> as inputs Value used to enable digital inputs RD<3:0> dig input enable RC<7:6> dig input enable CLRF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF DS41412B-page 146 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-11: PORTD I/O SUMMARY Pin Name RD0/SCK2/SCL2/AN20 Function RD0 TRIS ANSEL Pin Buffer Setting setting Type Type 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 O I O I O I I O I O I I O I I O I O I O I O I I O I O O I O I O I DIG ST DIG ST DIG I2C AN DIG ST DIG ST ST DIG I2C AN DIG ST DIG AN DIG ST DIG TTL AN DIG ST DIG DIG AN DIG ST DIG AN Description LATD<0> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<0> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. MSSP2 SPI Clock output. MSSP2 SPI Clock input. MSSP2 I2CTM Clock output. MSSP2 I2CTM Clock input. Analog input 20. LATD<1> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output. Capture 4 input. MSSP2 SPI data input. MSSP2 I2CTM data output. MSSP2 I2CTM data input. Analog input 21. LATD<2> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<2> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output 2. Analog input 22. LATD<3> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output 4. MSSP2 SPI slave select input. Analog input 23. LATD<4> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<4> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP2 PWM output 3. MSSP2 SPI data output. Analog input 24. LATD<5> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 2. Analog input 25. SCK2 SCL2 AN20 RD1/CCP4/SDI2/SDA2/ AN21 RD1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 CCP4 SDI2 SDA2 AN21 RD2/P2B/AN22 RD2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 P2B(1) AN22 RD3/P2C/SS2/AN23 RD3 0 1 0 1 P2C SS2 AN23 RD4/P2D/SDO2/AN24 RD4 0 1 1 0 1 P2D SDO2 AN24 RD5/P1B/AN25 RD5 0 0 1 0 1 P1B AN25 Legend: Note 1: 0 AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 147 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-11: PORTD I/O SUMMARY Pin Name RD6/P1C/TX2/CK2/ AN26 Function RD6 TRIS ANSEL Pin Buffer Setting setting Type Type 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 O I O O O I I O I O I O I I DIG ST DIG DIG DIG ST AN DIG ST DIG ST DIG ST AN Description LATD<6> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<6> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 3. EUSART 2 asynchronous transmit data output. EUSART 2 synchronous serial clock output. EUSART 2 synchronous serial clock input. Analog input 26. LATD<7> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTD<7> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP1 PWM output 4. EUSART 2 asynchronous receive data in. EUSART 2 synchronous serial data output. EUSART 2 synchronous serial data input. Analog input 27. P1C TX2 CK2 AN26 RD7/P1D/RX2/DT2/ AN27 RD7 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 P1D RX2 DT2 AN27 Legend: Note 1: 0 1 0 1 1 AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Default pin assignment for P2B, T3CKI, CCP3 and CCP2 when Configuration bits PB2MX, T3CMX, CCP3MX and CCP2MX are set. TABLE 10-12: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD Name ANSELD(1) BAUDCON2 CCP1CON CCP2CON CCP4CON LATD(1) PORTD(1) RCSTA2 SLRCON TRISD(1) (1) Bit 7 ANSD7 ABDOVF Bit 6 ANSD6 RCIDL Bit 5 ANSD5 DTRXP Bit 4 ANSD4 CKTXP Bit 3 ANSD3 BRG16 Bit 2 ANSD2 -- Bit 1 ANSD1 WUE Bit 0 ANSD0 ABDEN Register on Page 153 274 201 201 201 P1M<1:0> P2M<1:0> -- -- DC1B<1:0> DC2B<1:0> DC4B<1:0> LATD5 RD5 SREN -- CCP1M<3:0> CCP2M<3:0> CCP4M<3:0> LATD3 RD3 ADDEN SLRD TRISD3 LATD2 RD2 FERR SLRC TRISD2 LATD1 RD1 OERR SLRB TRISD1 LATD0 RD0 RX9D SLRA TRISD0 LATD7 RD7 SPEN -- LATD6 RD6 RX9 -- LATD4 RD4 CREN SLRE CKP TRISD4 155 151 273 156 256 154 SSP2CON1 WCOL TRISD7 SSPOV SSPEN SSPM<3:0> TRISD6 TRISD5 Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTD. Note 1: Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. TABLE 10-13: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD Name CONFIG3H Bit 7 MCLRE Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 354 CCP3MX PBADEN CCP2MX Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTD. DS41412B-page 148 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 10.6 PORTE Registers 10.6.2 PORTE ON 28-PIN DEVICES Depending on the particular PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 device selected, PORTE is implemented in two different ways. For PIC18F2XK22 devices, PORTE is only available when Master Clear functionality is disabled (MCLR = 0). In these cases, PORTE is a single bit, input only port comprised of RE3 only. The pin operates as previously described. 10.6.1 PORTE ON 40/44-PIN DEVICES For PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices, PORTE is a 4-bit wide port. Three pins (RE0/P3A/CCP3/AN5, RE1/P3B/ AN6 and RE2/CCP5/AN7) are individually configurable as inputs or outputs. These pins have Schmitt Trigger input buffers. When selected as an analog input, these pins will read as `0's. The corresponding data direction register is TRISE. Setting a TRISE bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTE pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISE bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTE pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). TRISE controls the direction of the REx pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs. The user must make sure to keep the pins configured as inputs when using them as analog inputs. The Data Latch register (LATE) is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATE register read and write the latched output value for PORTE. Note: On a Power-on Reset, RE<2:0> are configured as analog inputs. 10.6.3 RE3 WEAK PULL-UP The port RE3 pin has an individually controlled weak internal pull-up. When set, the WPUE3 (TRISE<7>) bit enables the RE3 pin pull-up. The RBPU bit of the INTCON2 register controls pull-ups on both PORTB and PORTE. When RBPU = 0, the weak pull-ups become active on all pins which have the WPUE3 or WPUBx bits set. When set, the RBPU bit disables all weak pull-ups. The pull-ups are disabled on a Poweron Reset. When the RE3 port pin is configured as (CONFIG3H<7>, MCLRE=1 and MCLR, CONFIG4L<2>, LVP=0), or configured for Low Voltage Programming, (MCLRE=x and LVP=1), the pull-up is always enabled and the WPUE3 bit has no effect. 10.6.4 PORTE OUTPUT PRIORITY Each PORTE pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins, their combined functions and their output priorities are briefly described here. For additional information, refer to the appropriate section in this data sheet. When multiple outputs are enabled, the actual pin control goes to the peripheral with the higher priority. Table 10-4 lists the PORTE pin functions from the highest to the lowest priority. Analog input functions, such as ADC, comparator and SR Latch inputs, are not shown in the priority lists. These inputs are active when the I/O pin is set for Analog mode using the ANSELx registers. Digital output functions may control the pin when it is in Analog mode with the priority shown below. The fourth pin of PORTE (MCLR/VPP/RE3) is an input only pin. Its operation is controlled by the MCLRE Configuration bit. When selected as a port pin (MCLRE = 0), it functions as a digital input only pin; as such, it does not have TRIS or LAT bits associated with its operation. Otherwise, it functions as the device's Master Clear input. In either configuration, RE3 also functions as the programming voltage input during programming. Note: On a Power-on Reset, RE3 is enabled as a digital input only if Master Clear functionality is disabled. EXAMPLE 10-5: CLRF ; ; ; LATE ; ; ; ANSELE ; ; 05h ; ; ; TRISE ; ; ; PORTE INITIALIZING PORTE Initialize PORTE by clearing output data latches Alternate method to clear output data latches Configure analog pins for digital only Value used to initialize data direction Set RE<0> as input RE<1> as output RE<2> as input CLRF CLRF MOVLW MOVWF 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 149 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-14: PORTE I/O SUMMARY Pin RE0/P3A/CCP3/AN5 Function RE0 TRIS ANSEL Pin Setting Setting Type 0 1 P3A(1) CCP3(1) AN5 RE1/P3B/AN6 RE1 0 0 1 1 0 1 P3B AN6 RE2/CCP5/AN7 RE2 0 1 0 1 CCP5 AN7 RE3/VPP/MCLR RE3 VPP MCLR Legend: Note 1: 0 1 1 -- -- -- 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 x 1 1 0 1 0 1 -- -- -- O I O O I I O I O I O I O I I I P I Buffer Type DIG ST DIG DIG ST AN DIG ST DIG AN DIG ST DIG ST AN ST AN ST Description LATE<0> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTE<0> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output. Capture 3 input. Analog input 5. LATE<1> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTE<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Enhanced CCP3 PWM output. Analog input 6. LATE<2> data output; not affected by analog input. PORTE<2> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Compare 5 output/PWM 5 output. Capture 5 input. Analog input 7. PORTE<3> data input; enabled when Configuration bit MCLRE = 0. Programming voltage input; always available Active-low Master Clear (device Reset) input; enabled when configuration bit MCLRE = 1. AN = Analog input or output; TTL = TTL compatible input; HV = High Voltage; OD = Open Drain; XTAL = Crystal; CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output; ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels; I2CTM = Schmitt Trigger input with I2C. Alternate pin assignment for P3A/CCP3 when Configuration bit CCP3MX is clear.. TABLE 10-15: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE Name ANSELE(1) INTCON2 LATE (1) Bit 7 -- RBPU -- -- -- WPUE3 Bit 6 -- -- -- -- -- Bit 5 -- -- -- -- -- Bit 4 -- INTEDG2 -- -- SLRE(1) -- Bit 3 -- -- -- RE3 SLRD(1) -- Bit 2 ANSE2 TMR0IP LATE2 RE2(1) SLRC TRISE2(1) Bit 1 ANSE1 -- LATE1 RE1(1) SLRB TRISE1(1) Bit 0 ANSE0 RBIP LATE0 RE0(1) SLRA TRISE0(1) Reset Values on page 154 116 155 152 156 154 INTEDG0 INTEDG1 PORTE SLRCON TRISE Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for PORTE. Note 1: Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. DS41412B-page 150 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 10-16: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE Name CONFIG3H CONFIG4L Bit 7 MCLRE DEBUG Bit 6 -- XINST Bit 5 P2BMX -- Bit 4 T3CMX -- Bit 3 HFOFST -- Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page 354 355 CCP3MX PBADEN CCP2MX LVP (1) -- STRVEN Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for Interrupts. Note 1: Can only be changed when in high voltage programming mode. 10.7 Port Analog Control 10.8 Port Slew Rate Control Most port pins are multiplexed with analog functions such as the Analog-to-Digital Converter and comparators. When these I/O pins are to be used as analog inputs it is necessary to disable the digital input buffer to avoid excessive current caused by improper biasing of the digital input. Individual control of the digital input buffers on pins which share analog functions is provided by the ANSELA, ANSELB, ANSELC, ANSELD and ANSELE registers. Setting an ANSx bit high will disable the associated digital input buffer and cause all reads of that pin to return `0' while allowing analog functions of that pin to operate correctly. The state of the ANSx bits has no affect on digital output functions. A pin with the associated TRISx bit clear and ANSx bit set will still operate as a digital output but the input mode will be analog. This can cause unexpected behavior when performing readmodify-write operations on the affected port. All ANSEL register bits default to `1' upon POR and BOR, disabling digital inputs for their associated port pins. All TRIS register bits default to `1' upon POR or BOR, disabling digital outputs for their associated port pins. As a result, all port pins that have an ANSEL register will default to analog inputs upon POR or BOR. The output slew rate of each port is programmable to select either the standard transition rate or a reduced transition rate of approximately 0.1 times the standard to minimize EMI. The reduced transition time is the default slew rate for all ports. REGISTER 10-1: R/W-u/x Rx7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit `1' = Bit is set PORTX(1): PORTx REGISTER R/W-u/x Rx5 R/W-u/x Rx4 R/W-u/x Rx3 R/W-u/x Rx2 R/W-u/x Rx1 R/W-u/x Rx0 bit 0 Rx6 R/W-u/x W = Writable bit `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets bit 7-0 Note 1: 2: Rx<7:0>: PORTx I/O bit values(2) Register Description for PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and PORTD. Writes to PORTx are written to corresponding LATx register. Reads from PORTx register is return of I/O pin values. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 151 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 10-2: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit `1' = Bit is set W = Writable bit `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown PORTE: PORTE REGISTER U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-u/x RE3(1) R/W-u/x RE2(2), (3) R/W-u/x RE1(2), (3) R/W-u/x RE0(2), (3) bit 0 -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets bit 7-4 bit 3 bit 2-0 Note 1: 2: 3: Unimplemented: Read as `0' RE3: PORTE Input bit value(1) RE<2:0>: PORTE I/O bit values(2), (3) Port is available as input only when MCLRE = 0. Writes to PORTx are written to corresponding LATx register. Reads from PORTx register is return of I/O pin values. Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. REGISTER 10-3: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5 ANSELA - PORTA ANALOG SELECT REGISTER U-0 -- R/W-1 ANSA5 U-0 -- R/W-1 ANSA3 R/W-1 ANSA2 R/W-1 ANSA1 R/W-1 ANSA0 bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0' ANSA5: RA5 Analog Select bit 1 = Digital input buffer disabled 0 = Digital input buffer enabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' ANSA<3:0>: RA<3:0> Analog Select bit 1 = Digital input buffer disabled 0 = Digital input buffer enabled bit 4 bit 3-0 DS41412B-page 152 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 10-4: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5-0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ANSELB - PORTB ANALOG SELECT REGISTER U-0 -- R/W-1 ANSB5 R/W-1 ANSB4 R/W-1 ANSB3 R/W-1 ANSB2 R/W-1 ANSB1 R/W-1 ANSB0 bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' ANSB<5:0>: RB<5:0> Analog Select bit 1 = Digital input buffer disabled 0 = Digital input buffer enabled REGISTER 10-5: R/W-1 ANSC7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-2 ANSELC - PORTC ANALOG SELECT REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 ANSC5 R/W-1 ANSC4 R/W-1 ANSC3 R/W-1 ANSC2 U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0 ANSC6 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ANSC<7:2>: RC<7:2> Analog Select bit 1 = Digital input buffer disabled 0 = Digital input buffer enabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' bit 1-0 REGISTER 10-6: R/W-1 ANSD7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0 ANSELD - PORTD ANALOG SELECT REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 ANSD5 R/W-1 ANSD4 R/W-1 ANSD3 R/W-1 ANSD2 R/W-1 ANSD1 R/W-1 ANSD0 bit 0 ANSD6 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ANSD<7:0>: RD<7:0> Analog Select bit 1 = Digital input buffer disabled 0 = Digital input buffer enabled 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 153 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 10-7: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2-0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ANSELE - PORTE ANALOG SELECT REGISTER U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-1 ANSE2(1) R/W-1 ANSE1(1) R/W-1 ANSE0(1) bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' ANSE<2:0>: RE<2:0> Analog Select bit(1) 1 = Digital input buffer disabled 0 = Digital input buffer enabled Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. Note 1: REGISTER 10-8: R/W-1 TRISx7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0 TRISx: PORTx TRI-STATE REGISTER(1) R/W-1 R/W-1 TRISx5 R/W-1 TRISx4 R/W-1 TRISx3 R/W-1 TRISx2 R/W-1 TRISx1 R/W-1 TRISx0 bit 0 TRISx6 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown TRISx<7:0>: PORTx Tri-State Control bit 1 = PORTx pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = PORTx pin configured as an output Register description for TRISA, TRISB, TRISC and TRISD. Note 1: REGISTER 10-9: R/W-1 WPUE3 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 TRISE: PORTE TRI-STATE REGISTER U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-1 TRISE2 (1) R/W-1 TRISE1 (1) R/W-1 TRISE0(1) bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown WPUE3: Weak Pull-up Register bits 1 = Pull-up enabled on PORT pin 1 = Pull-up disabled on PORT pin Unimplemented: Read as `0' TRISE<7:0>: PORTE Tri-State Control bit(1) 1 = PORTE pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = PORTE pin configured as an output Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. bit 6-3 bit 2-0 Note 1: DS41412B-page 154 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 10-10: LATx: PORTx OUTPUT LATCH REGISTER(1) R/W-x/u LATx7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0 Note 1: 2: W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown R/W-x/u LATx6 R/W-x/u LATx5 R/W-x/u LATx4 R/W-x/u LATx3 R/W-x/u LATx2 R/W-x/u LATx1 R/W-x/u LATx0 bit 0 LATx<7:0>: PORTx Output Latch bit value(2) Register Description for LATA, LATB, LATC and LATD. Writes to PORTA are written to corresponding LATA register. Reads from PORTA register is return of I/O pin values. REGISTER 10-11: LATE: PORTE OUTPUT LATCH REGISTER(1) U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2-0 Note 1: 2: W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-x/u LATE2 R/W-x/u LATE1 R/W-x/u LATE0 bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' LATE<2:0>: PORTE Output Latch bit value(2) Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. Writes to PORTA are written to corresponding LATA register. Reads from PORTA register is return of I/O pin values. REGISTER 10-12: WPUB: WEAK PULL-UP PORTB REGISTER R/W-1 WPUB7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown R/W-1 WPUB6 R/W-1 WPUB5 R/W-1 WPUB4 R/W-1 WPUB3 R/W-1 WPUB2 R/W-1 WPUB1 R/W-1 WPUB0 bit 0 WPUB<7:0>: Weak Pull-up Register bits 1 = Pull-up enabled on PORT pin 1 = Pull-up disabled on PORT pin 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 155 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 10-13: IOCB: INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE PORTB CONTROL REGISTER R/W-1 IOCB7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-4 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown R/W-1 IOCB6 R/W-1 IOCB5 R/W-1 IOCB4 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0 IOCB<7:4>: Interrupt-on-Change PORTB control bits 1 = Interrupt-on-change enabled(1) 0 = Interrupt-on-change disabled Interrupt-on-change requires that the RBIE bit (INTCON<3>) is set. Note 1: REGISTER 10-14: SLRCON: SLEW RATE CONTROL REGISTER U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-5 bit 4 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-1 SLRE(1) R/W-1 SLRD(1) R/W-1 SLRC R/W-1 SLRB R/W-1 SLRA bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' SLRE: PORTE Slew Rate Control bit(1) 1 = All outputs on PORTE slew at a limited rate 0 = All outputs on PORTE slew at the standard rate SLRD: PORTD Slew Rate Control bit(1) 1 = All outputs on PORTD slew at a limited rate 0 = All outputs on PORTD slew at the standard rate SLRC: PORTC Slew Rate Control bit 1 = All outputs on PORTC slew at a limited rate 0 = All outputs on PORTC slew at the standard rate SLRB: PORTB Slew Rate Control bit 1 = All outputs on PORTB slew at a limited rate 0 = All outputs on PORTB slew at the standard rate SLRA: PORTA Slew Rate Control bit 1 = All outputs on PORTA slew at a limited rate(2) 0 = All outputs on PORTA slew at the standard rate These bits are available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. The slew rate of RA6 defaults to standard rate when the pin is used as CLKOUT. bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2: DS41412B-page 156 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 11.0 TIMER0 MODULE The Timer0 module incorporates the following features: * Software selectable operation as a timer or counter in both 8-bit or 16-bit modes * Readable and writable registers * Dedicated 8-bit, software programmable prescaler * Selectable clock source (internal or external) * Edge select for external clock * Interrupt-on-overflow The T0CON register (Register 11-1) controls all aspects of the module's operation, including the prescale selection. It is both readable and writable. A simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 8-bit mode is shown in Figure 11-1. Figure 11-2 shows a simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 16-bit mode. REGISTER 11-1: R/W-1 TMR0ON bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 T0CON: TIMER0 CONTROL REGISTER R/W-1 T08BIT R/W-1 T0CS R/W-1 T0SE R/W-1 PSA R/W-1 R/W-1 TOPS<2:0> bit 0 R/W-1 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown TMR0ON: Timer0 On/Off Control bit 1 = Enables Timer0 0 = Stops Timer0 T08BIT: Timer0 8-bit/16-bit Control bit 1 = Timer0 is configured as an 8-bit timer/counter 0 = Timer0 is configured as a 16-bit timer/counter T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT) T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin PSA: Timer0 Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = TImer0 prescaler is NOT assigned. Timer0 clock input bypasses prescaler. 0 = Timer0 prescaler is assigned. Timer0 clock input comes from prescaler output. T0PS<2:0>: Timer0 Prescaler Select bits 111 = 1:256 prescale value 110 = 1:128 prescale value 101 = 1:64 prescale value 100 = 1:32 prescale value 011 = 1:16 prescale value 010 = 1:8 prescale value 001 = 1:4 prescale value 000 = 1:2 prescale value bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2-0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 157 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 11.1 Timer0 Operation 11.2 Timer0 can operate as either a timer or a counter; the mode is selected with the T0CS bit of the T0CON register. In Timer mode (T0CS = 0), the module increments on every clock by default unless a different prescaler value is selected (see Section 11.3 "Prescaler"). Timer0 incrementing is inhibited for two instruction cycles following a TMR0 register write. The user can work around this by adjusting the value written to the TMR0 register to compensate for the anticipated missing increments. The Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit (= 1). In this mode, Timer0 increments either on every rising or falling edge of pin RA4/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by the Timer0 Source Edge Select bit, T0SE of the T0CON register; clearing this bit selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are discussed below. An external clock source can be used to drive Timer0; however, it must meet certain requirements (see Table 27-11) to ensure that the external clock can be synchronized with the internal phase clock (TOSC). There is a delay between synchronization and the onset of incrementing the timer/counter. Timer0 Reads and Writes in 16-Bit Mode TMR0H is not the actual high byte of Timer0 in 16-bit mode; it is actually a buffered version of the real high byte of Timer0 which is neither directly readable nor writable (refer to Figure 11-2). TMR0H is updated with the contents of the high byte of Timer0 during a read of TMR0L. This provides the ability to read all 16 bits of Timer0 without the need to verify that the read of the high and low byte were valid. Invalid reads could otherwise occur due to a rollover between successive reads of the high and low byte. Similarly, a write to the high byte of Timer0 must also take place through the TMR0H Buffer register. Writing to TMR0H does not directly affect Timer0. Instead, the high byte of Timer0 is updated with the contents of TMR0H when a write occurs to TMR0L. This allows all 16 bits of Timer0 to be updated at once. FIGURE 11-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (8-BIT MODE) FOSC/4 0 1 1 Sync with Internal Clocks (2 TCY Delay) 8 8 Internal Data Bus TMR0L Set TMR0IF on Overflow T0CKI pin T0SE T0CS T0PS<2:0> PSA Programmable Prescaler 3 0 Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale. DS41412B-page 158 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 11-2: FOSC/4 TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT MODE) 0 1 1 Sync with Internal Clocks (2 TCY Delay) Read TMR0L Write TMR0L 8 8 TMR0H 8 8 Internal Data Bus TMR0L TMR0 High Byte 8 Set TMR0IF on Overflow T0CKI pin T0SE T0CS T0PS<2:0> PSA Programmable Prescaler 3 0 Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale. 11.3 Prescaler 11.3.1 An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0 module. The prescaler is not directly readable or writable; its value is set by the PSA and T0PS<2:0> bits of the T0CON register which determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio. Clearing the PSA bit assigns the prescaler to the Timer0 module. When the prescaler is assigned, prescale values from 1:2 through 1:256 in integer power-of-2 increments are selectable. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF TMR0, MOVWF TMR0, BSF TMR0, etc.) clear the prescaler count. Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler count but will not change the prescaler assignment. SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT The prescaler assignment is fully under software control and can be changed "on-the-fly" during program execution. 11.4 Timer0 Interrupt The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 register overflows from FFh to 00h in 8-bit mode, or from FFFFh to 0000h in 16-bit mode. This overflow sets the TMR0IF flag bit. The interrupt can be masked by clearing the TMR0IE bit of the INTCON register. Before re-enabling the interrupt, the TMR0IF bit must be cleared by software in the Interrupt Service Routine. Since Timer0 is shut down in Sleep mode, the TMR0 interrupt cannot awaken the processor from Sleep. TABLE 11-1: Name INTCON INTCON2 T0CON TMR0H TMR0L TRISA REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 INT0IE T0SE Bit 3 RBIE -- Bit 2 TMR0IF TMR0IP Bit 1 INT0IF -- Bit 0 RBIF RBIP Reset Values on page 115 116 157 -- -- GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE RBPU TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 PSA T0PS<2:0> Timer0 Register, High Byte Timer0 Register, Low Byte TRISA7 TRISA6 TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 154 Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Timer0. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 159 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 160 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 12.0 TIMER1/3/5 MODULE WITH GATE CONTROL * * * * * * Special Event Trigger (with CCP/ECCP) Selectable Gate Source Polarity Gate Toggle Mode Gate Single-pulse Mode Gate Value Status Gate Event Interrupt The Timer1/3/5 module is a 16-bit timer/counter with the following features: 16-bit timer/counter register pair (TMRxH:TMRxL) Programmable internal or external clock source 2-bit prescaler Dedicated Secondary 32 kHz oscillator circuit Optionally synchronized comparator out Multiple Timer1/3/5 gate (count enable) sources Interrupt on overflow Wake-up on overflow (external clock, Asynchronous mode only) * 16-Bit Read/Write Operation * Time base for the Capture/Compare function * * * * * * * * Figure 12-1 is a block diagram of the Timer1/3/5 module. FIGURE 12-1: TxGSS<1:0> TxG Timer2/4/6 Match PR2/4/6 Comparator 1 SYNCC1OUT(7) Comparator 2 SYNCC2OUT(7) TIMER1/3/5 BLOCK DIAGRAM 00 01 10 D 11 TMRxON TxGPOL Set flag bit TMRxIF on Overflow TxGTM CK R Q Q 1 TxG_IN TxGSPM 0 0 Single Pulse Acq. Control TxGGO/DONE 1 Data Bus D EN Q RD TXGCON Set TMRxGIF TxGVAL Q1 Interrupt det TMRxGE TMRxON TMRx(2),(4) TMRxH TMRxL Q To Comparator Module EN D TxCLK 0 1 Synchronized clock input Secondary Oscillator Module See Figure 2-4 TMRxCS<1:0> SOSCOUT Reserved 1 TxCLK_EXT_SRC FOSC Internal Clock FOSC/4 Internal Clock 11 10 01 TxSYNC Synchronize(3),(7) det Prescaler 1, 2, 4, 8 2 TxCKPS<1:0> FOSC/2 Internal Clock (5) ,(6) (1) TxCKI TxSOSCEN 0 Sleep input 00 Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: ST Buffer is high speed type when using TxCKI. Timer1/3/5 register increments on rising edge. Synchronize does not operate while in Sleep. See Figure 12-2 for 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Block Diagram. T1CKI is not available when the secondary oscillator is enabled. (SOSCGO = 1 or TXSOSCEN = 1) T3CKI is not available when the secondary oscillator is enabled, unless T3CMX = 1. Synchronized comparator output should not be used in conjunction with synchronized TxCKI. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 161 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 12.1 Timer1/3/5 Operation 12.2.1 INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE The Timer1/3/5 module is a 16-bit incrementing counter which is accessed through the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair. Writes to TMRxH or TMRxL directly update the counter. When used with an internal clock source, the module is a timer and increments on every instruction cycle. When used with an external clock source, the module can be used as either a timer or counter and increments on every selected edge of the external source. Timer1/3/5 is enabled by configuring the TMRxON and TMRxGE bits in the TxCON and TxGCON registers, respectively. Table 12-1 displays the Timer1/3/5 enable selections. When the internal clock source is selected the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair will increment on multiples of FOSC as determined by the Timer1/3/5 prescaler. When the FOSC internal clock source is selected, the Timer1/3/5 register value will increment by four counts every instruction clock cycle. Due to this condition, a 2 LSB error in resolution will occur when reading the Timer1/3/5 value. To utilize the full resolution of Timer1/3/5, an asynchronous input signal must be used to gate the Timer1/3/5 clock input. The following asynchronous sources may be used: * Asynchronous event on the TxG pin to Timer1/3/5 Gate * C1 or C2 comparator input to Timer1/3/5 Gate TABLE 12-1: TMRxON 0 0 1 1 TIMER1/3/5 ENABLE SELECTIONS TMRxGE 0 1 0 1 Timer1/3/5 Operation Off Off Always On Count Enabled 12.2.2 EXTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE When the external clock source is selected, the Timer1/3/5 module may work as a timer or a counter. When enabled to count, Timer1/3/5 is incremented on the rising edge of the external clock input of the TxCKI pin. This external clock source can be synchronized to the microcontroller system clock or it can run asynchronously. When used as a timer with a clock oscillator, an external 32.768 kHz crystal can be used in conjunction with the dedicated secondary internal oscillator circuit. Note: In Counter mode, a falling edge must be registered by the counter prior to the first incrementing rising edge after any one or more of the following conditions: * * * * Timer1/3/5 enabled after POR Write to TMRxH or TMRxL Timer1/3/5 is disabled Timer1/3/5 is disabled (TMRxON = 0) when TxCKI is high then Timer1/3/5 is enabled (TMRxON=1) when TxCKI is low. 12.2 Clock Source Selection The TMRxCS<1:0> and TxSOSCEN bits of the TxCON register are used to select the clock source for Timer1/3/5. The dedicated Secondary Oscillator circuit can be used as the clock source for Timer1, Timer3 and Timer5, simultaneously. Any of the TxSOSCEN bits will enable the Secondary Oscillator circuit and select it as the clock source for that particular timer. Table 12-2 displays the clock source selections. TABLE 12-2: TMRxCS1 0 0 1 1 CLOCK SOURCE SELECTIONS TMRxCS0 1 0 0 0 TxSOSCEN x x 0 1 System Clock (FOSC) Instruction Clock (FOSC/4) External Clocking on TxCKI Pin Osc.Circuit On SOSCI/SOSCO Pins Clock Source DS41412B-page 162 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 12.3 Timer1/3/5 Prescaler 12.5.1 Timer1/3/5 has four prescaler options allowing 1, 2, 4 or 8 divisions of the clock input. The TxCKPS bits of the TxCON register control the prescale counter. The prescale counter is not directly readable or writable; however, the prescaler counter is cleared upon a write to TMRxH or TMRxL. READING AND WRITING TIMER1/3/5 IN ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE 12.4 Secondary Oscillator A dedicated secondary low-power 32.768 kHz oscillator circuit is built-in between pins SOSCI (input) and SOSCO (amplifier output). This internal circuit is to be used in conjunction with an external 32.768 kHz crystal. The oscillator circuit is enabled by setting the TxSOSCEN bit of the TxCON register, the SOSCGO bit of the OSCCON2 register or by selecting the secondary oscillator as the system clock by setting SCS<1:0> = 01 in the OSCCON register. The oscillator will continue to run during Sleep. Note: The oscillator requires a start-up and stabilization time before use. Thus, TxSOSCEN should be set and a suitable delay observed prior to enabling Timer1/3/5. Reading TMRxH or TMRxL while the timer is running from an external asynchronous clock will ensure a valid read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two 8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the timer may overflow between the reads. For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop the timer and write the desired values. A write contention may occur by writing to the timer registers, while the register is incrementing. This may produce an unpredictable value in the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair. 12.6 Timer1/3/5 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Timer1/3/5 can be configured to read and write all 16 bits of data, to and from, the 8-bit TMRxL and TMRxH registers, simultaneously. The 16-bit read and write operations are enabled by setting the RD16 bit of the TxCON register. To accomplish this function, the TMRxH register value is mapped to a buffer register called the TMRxH buffer register. While in 16-Bit mode, the TMRxH register is not directly readable or writable and all read and write operations take place through the use of this TMRxH buffer register. When a read from the TMRxL register is requested, the value of the TMRxH register is simultaneously loaded into the TMRxH buffer register. When a read from the TMRxH register is requested, the value is provided from the TMRxH buffer register instead. This provides the user with the ability to accurately read all 16 bits of the Timer1/3/5 value from a single instance in time. In contrast, when not in 16-Bit mode, the user must read each register separately and determine if the values have become invalid due to a rollover that may have occurred between the read operations. When a write request of the TMRxL register is requested, the TMRxH buffer register is simultaneously updated with the contents of the TMRxH register. The value of TMRxH must be preloaded into the TMRxH buffer register prior to the write request for the TMRxL register. This provides the user with the ability to write all 16 bits to the TMRxL:TMRxH register pair at the same time. Any requests to write to the TMRxH directly does not clear the Timer1/3/5 prescaler value. The prescaler value is only cleared through write requests to the TMRxL register. 12.5 Timer1/3/5 Operation in Asynchronous Counter Mode If control bit TxSYNC of the TxCON register is set, the external clock input is not synchronized. The timer increments asynchronously to the internal phase clocks. If external clock source is selected then the timer will continue to run during Sleep and can generate an interrupt on overflow, which will wake-up the processor. However, special precautions in software are needed to read/write the timer (see Section 12.5.1 "Reading and Writing Timer1/3/5 in Asynchronous Counter Mode"). Note: When switching from synchronous to asynchronous operation, it is possible to skip an increment. When switching from asynchronous to synchronous operation, it is possible to produce an additional increment. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 163 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 12-2: TIMER1/3/5 16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE BLOCK DIAGRAM From Timer1/3/5 Circuitry TMR1L TMR1 High Byte 8 Set TMR1IF on Overflow 12.7.2 TIMER1/3/5 GATE SOURCE SELECTION The Timer1/3/5 Gate source can be selected from one of four different sources. Source selection is controlled by the TxGSS bits of the TxGCON register. The polarity for each available source is also selectable. Polarity selection is controlled by the TxGPOL bit of the TxGCON register. Read TMR1L Write TMR1L 8 8 TMR1H 8 8 Internal Data Bus TABLE 12-4: TxGSS 00 01 10 TIMER1/3/5 GATE SOURCES Timer1/3/5 Gate Source Timer1/3/5 Gate Pin Timer2/4/6 Match to PR2/4/6 (TMR2/4/6 increments to match PR2/4/6) Comparator 1 Output SYNCC1OUT (optionally Timer1/3/5 synchronized output) Comparator 2 Output SYNCC2OUT (optionally Timer1/3/5 synchronized output) 12.7 Timer1/3/5 Gate 11 Timer1/3/5 can be configured to count freely or the count can be enabled and disabled using Timer1/3/5 Gate circuitry. This is also referred to as Timer1/3/5 Gate Enable. Timer1/3/5 Gate can also be driven by multiple selectable sources. The Gate resource, Timer2 Match to PR2, changes between Timer2, Timer4 and Timer6 depending on which of the three 16-bit Timers, Timer1, Timer3 or Timer5, is selected. See Table 12-5 to determine which Timer2/4/6 Match to PR2/4/6 combination is available for the 16-bit timer being used. 12.7.1 TIMER1/3/5 GATE ENABLE The Timer1/3/5 Gate Enable mode is enabled by setting the TMRxGE bit of the TxGCON register. The polarity of the Timer1/3/5 Gate Enable mode is configured using the TxGPOL bit of the TxGCON register. When Timer1/3/5 Gate Enable mode is enabled, Timer1/3/5 will increment on the rising edge of the Timer1/3/5 clock source. When Timer1/3/5 Gate Enable mode is disabled, no incrementing will occur and Timer1/3/5 will hold the current count. See Figure 12-4 for timing details. TABLE 12-5: GATE RESOURCES FOR TIMER2/4/6 MATCH TO PR2/4/6 Timer1/3/5 Gate Match Selection TMR2 Match to PR2 TMR4 Match to PR4 TMR6 Match to PR6 Timer1/3/5 Resource Timer1 Timer3 Timer5 12.7.2.1 TxG Pin Gate Operation TABLE 12-3: TxCLK TIMER1/3/5 GATE ENABLE SELECTIONS TxG 0 1 0 1 Timer1/3/5 Operation Counts Holds Count Holds Count Counts The TxG pin is one source for Timer1/3/5 Gate Control. It can be used to supply an external source to the Timer1/3/5 Gate circuitry. TxGPOL 0 0 1 1 12.7.2.2 Timer2/4/6 Match Gate Operation The TMR2/4/6 register will increment until it matches the value in the PR2/4/6 register. On the very next increment cycle, TMR2/4/6 will be reset to 00h. When this Reset occurs, a low-to-high pulse will automatically be generated and internally supplied to the Timer1/3/5 Gate circuitry. See Section 12.7.2 "Timer1/3/5 Gate Source Selection" for more information. DS41412B-page 164 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 12.7.2.3 Comparator C1 Gate Operation 12.7.4 The output resulting from a Comparator 1 operation can be selected as a source for Timer1/3/5 Gate Control. The Comparator 1 output (SYNCC1OUT) can be synchronized to the Timer1/3/5 clock or left asynchronous. For more information see Section 18.8.4 "Synchronizing Comparator Output to Timer1". TIMER1/3/5 GATE SINGLE-PULSE MODE 12.7.2.4 Comparator C2 Gate Operation The output resulting from a Comparator 2 operation can be selected as a source for Timer1/3/5 Gate Control. The Comparator 2 output (SYNCC2OUT) can be synchronized to the Timer1/3/5 clock or left asynchronous. For more information see Section 18.8.4 "Synchronizing Comparator Output to Timer1". When Timer1/3/5 Gate Single-Pulse mode is enabled, it is possible to capture a single-pulse gate event. Timer1/3/5 Gate Single-Pulse mode is first enabled by setting the TxGSPM bit in the TxGCON register. Next, the TxGGO/DONE bit in the TxGCON register must be set. The Timer1/3/5 will be fully enabled on the next incrementing edge. On the next trailing edge of the pulse, the TxGGO/DONE bit will automatically be cleared. No other gate events will be allowed to increment Timer1/3/5 until the TxGGO/DONE bit is once again set in software. Clearing the TxGSPM bit of the TxGCON register will also clear the TxGGO/DONE bit. See Figure 12-6 for timing details. Enabling the Toggle mode and the Single-Pulse mode simultaneously will permit both sections to work together. This allows the cycle times on the Timer1/3/5 Gate source to be measured. See Figure 12-7 for timing details. 12.7.3 TIMER1/3/5 GATE TOGGLE MODE When Timer1/3/5 Gate Toggle mode is enabled, it is possible to measure the full-cycle length of a Timer1/3/5 gate signal, as opposed to the duration of a single level pulse. The Timer1/3/5 Gate source is routed through a flip-flop that changes state on every incrementing edge of the signal. See Figure 12-5 for timing details. Timer1/3/5 Gate Toggle mode is enabled by setting the TxGTM bit of the TxGCON register. When the TxGTM bit is cleared, the flip-flop is cleared and held clear. This is necessary in order to control which edge is measured. Note: Enabling Toggle mode at the same time as changing the gate polarity may result in indeterminate operation. 12.7.5 TIMER1/3/5 GATE VALUE STATUS When Timer1/3/5 Gate Value Status is utilized, it is possible to read the most current level of the gate control value. The value is stored in the TxGVAL bit in the TxGCON register. The TxGVAL bit is valid even when the Timer1/3/5 Gate is not enabled (TMRxGE bit is cleared). 12.7.6 TIMER1/3/5 GATE EVENT INTERRUPT When Timer1/3/5 Gate Event Interrupt is enabled, it is possible to generate an interrupt upon the completion of a gate event. When the falling edge of TxGVAL occurs, the TMRxGIF flag bit in the PIR3 register will be set. If the TMRxGIE bit in the PIE3 register is set, then an interrupt will be recognized. The TMRxGIF flag bit operates even when the Timer1/3/5 Gate is not enabled (TMRxGE bit is cleared). For more information on selecting high or low priority status for the Timer1/3/5 Gate Event Interrupt see Section 9.0 "Interrupts". 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 165 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 12.8 Timer1/3/5 Interrupt The Timer1/3/5 register pair (TMRxH:TMRxL) increments to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. When Timer1/3/5 rolls over, the Timer1/3/5 interrupt flag bit of the PIR1/2/5 register is set. To enable the interrupt on rollover, you must set these bits: * * * * TMRxON bit of the TxCON register TMRxIE bits of the PIE1, PIE2 or PIE5 registers PEIE/GIEL bit of the INTCON register GIE/GIEH bit of the INTCON register 12.10 ECCP/CCP Capture/Compare Time Base The CCP modules use the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair as the time base when operating in Capture or Compare mode. In Capture mode, the value in the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair is copied into the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair on a configured event. In Compare mode, an event is triggered when the value CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair matches the value in the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair. This event can be a Special Event Trigger. For more information, see "Capture/Compare/PWM Modules". Section 14.0 The interrupt is cleared by clearing the TMRxIF bit in the Interrupt Service Routine. For more information on selecting high or low priority status for the Timer1/3/5 Overflow Interrupt, see Section 9.0 "Interrupts". Note: The TMRxH:TMRxL register pair and the TMRxIF bit should be cleared before enabling interrupts. 12.11 ECCP/CCP Special Event Trigger When any of the CCP's are configured to trigger a special event, the trigger will clear the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair. This special event does not cause a Timer1/3/5 interrupt. The CCP module may still be configured to generate a CCP interrupt. In this mode of operation, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair becomes the period register for Timer1/3/5. Timer1/3/5 should be synchronized and FOSC/4 should be selected as the clock source in order to utilize the Special Event Trigger. Asynchronous operation of Timer1/3/5 can cause a Special Event Trigger to be missed. In the event that a write to TMRxH or TMRxL coincides with a Special Event Trigger from the CCP, the write will take precedence. For more information, see Section 17.2.8 "Special Event Trigger". 12.9 Timer1/3/5 Operation During Sleep Timer1/3/5 can only operate during Sleep when setup in Asynchronous Counter mode. In this mode, an external crystal or clock source can be used to increment the counter. To set up the timer to wake the device: * * * * * TMRxON bit of the TxCON register must be set TMRxIE bit of the PIE1/2/5 register must be set PEIE/GIEL bit of the INTCON register must be set TxSYNC bit of the TxCON register must be set TMRxCS bits of the TxCON register must be configured * TxSOSCEN bit of the TxCON register must be configured The device will wake-up on an overflow and execute the next instruction. If the GIE/GIEH bit of the INTCON register is set, the device will call the Interrupt Service Routine. The secondary oscillator will continue to operate in Sleep regardless of the TxSYNC bit setting. DS41412B-page 166 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 12-3: TXCKI = 1 when TMRx Enabled TIMER1/3/5 INCREMENTING EDGE TXCKI = 0 when TMRX Enabled Note 1: 2: Arrows indicate counter increments. In Counter mode, a falling edge must be registered by the counter prior to the first incrementing rising edge of the clock. FIGURE 12-4: TIMER1/3/5 GATE ENABLE MODE TMRxGE TxGPOL TxG_IN TxCKI TxGVAL Timer1/3/5 N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 167 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 12-5: TIMER1/3/5 GATE TOGGLE MODE TMRxGE TxGPOL TxGTM TxTxG_IN TxCKI TxGVAL TIMER1/3/5 N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 N+6 N+7 N+8 FIGURE 12-6: TIMER1/3/5 GATE SINGLE-PULSE MODE TMRxGE TxGPOL TxGSPM TxGGO/ DONE TxG_IN Set by software Counting enabled on rising edge of TxG Cleared by hardware on falling edge of TxGVAL TxCKI TxGVAL TIMER1/3/5 N N+1 N+2 Set by hardware on falling edge of TxGVAL Cleared by software TMRxGIF Cleared by software DS41412B-page 168 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 12-7: TMRxGE TxGPOL TxGSPM TxGTM TxGGO/ DONE TxG_IN Set by software Counting enabled on rising edge of TxG Cleared by hardware on falling edge of TxGVAL TIMER1/3/5 GATE SINGLE-PULSE AND TOGGLE COMBINED MODE TxCKI TxGVAL TIMER1/3/5 N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 Cleared by software TMRxGIF Cleared by software Set by hardware on falling edge of TxGVAL 12.12 Peripheral Module Disable When a peripheral module is not used or inactive, the module can be disabled by setting the Module Disable bit in the PMD registers. This will reduce power consumption to an absolute minimum. Setting the PMD bits holds the module in Reset and disconnects the module's clock source. The Module Disable bits for Timer1 (TMR1MD), Timer3 (TMR3MD) and Timer5 (TMR5MD) are in the PMD0 Register. See Section 3.0 "Power-Managed Modes" for more information. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 169 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 12.13 Timer1/3/5 Control Register The Timer1/3/5 Control register (TxCON), shown in Register 12-1, is used to control Timer1/3/5 and select the various features of the Timer1/3/5 module. REGISTER 12-1: R/W-0/u bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-6 TXCON: TIMER1/3/5 CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0/u R/W-0/u R/W-0/u TxSOSCEN R/W-0/u TxSYNC R/W-0/0 TxRD16 R/W-0/u TMRxON bit 0 R/W-0/u TMRxCS<1:0> TxCKPS<1:0> W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets TMRxCS<1:0>: Timer1/3/5 Clock Source Select bits 11 = Reserved. Do not use. 10 = Timer1/3/5 clock source is pin or oscillator: If TxSOSCEN = 0: External clock from TxCKI pin (on the rising edge) If TxSOSCEN = 1: Crystal oscillator on SOSCI/SOSCO pins 01 = Timer1/3/5 clock source is system clock (FOSC) 00 = Timer1/3/5 clock source is instruction clock (FOSC/4) TxCKPS<1:0>: Timer1/3/5 Input Clock Prescale Select bits 11 = 1:8 Prescale value 10 = 1:4 Prescale value 01 = 1:2 Prescale value 00 = 1:1 Prescale value TxSOSCEN: Secondary Oscillator Enable Control bit 1 = Dedicated Secondary oscillator circuit enabled 0 = Dedicated Secondary oscillator circuit disabled TxSYNC: Timer1/3/5 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit TMRxCS<1:0> = 1X 1 = Do not synchronize external clock input 0 = Synchronize external clock input with system clock (FOSC) TMRxCS<1:0> = 0X This bit is ignored. Timer1/3/5 uses the internal clock when TMRxCS<1:0> = 1X. bit 5-4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 TxRD16: 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit 1 = Enables register read/write of Timer1/3/5 in one 16-bit operation 0 = Enables register read/write of Timer1/3/5 in two 8-bit operation TMRxON: Timer1/3/5 On bit 1 = Enables Timer1/3/5 0 = Stops Timer1/3/5 Clears Timer1/3/5 Gate flip-flop bit 0 DS41412B-page 170 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 12.14 Timer1/3/5 Gate Control Register The Timer1/3/5 Gate Control register (TxGCON), shown in Register 12-2, is used to control Timer1/3/5 Gate. REGISTER 12-2: R/W-0/u TMRxGE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 TXGCON: TIMER1/3/5 GATE CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0/u TxGTM R/W-0/u TxGSPM R/W/HC-0/u TxGGO/DONE R-x/x TxGVAL R/W-0/u R/W-0/u bit 0 R/W-0/u TxGPOL TxGSS<1:0> W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets HC = Bit is cleared by hardware TMRxGE: Timer1/3/5 Gate Enable bit If TMRxON = 0: This bit is ignored If TMRxON = 1: 1 = Timer1/3/5 counting is controlled by the Timer1/3/5 gate function 0 = Timer1/3/5 counts regardless of Timer1/3/5 gate function TxGPOL: Timer1/3/5 Gate Polarity bit 1 = Timer1/3/5 gate is active-high (Timer1/3/5 counts when gate is high) 0 = Timer1/3/5 gate is active-low (Timer1/3/5 counts when gate is low) TxGTM: Timer1/3/5 Gate Toggle Mode bit 1 = Timer1/3/5 Gate Toggle mode is enabled 0 = Timer1/3/5 Gate Toggle mode is disabled and toggle flip-flop is cleared Timer1/3/5 gate flip-flop toggles on every rising edge. TxGSPM: Timer1/3/5 Gate Single-Pulse Mode bit 1 = Timer1/3/5 gate Single-Pulse mode is enabled and is controlling Timer1/3/5 gate 0 = Timer1/3/5 gate Single-Pulse mode is disabled TxGGO/DONE: Timer1/3/5 Gate Single-Pulse Acquisition Status bit 1 = Timer1/3/5 gate single-pulse acquisition is ready, waiting for an edge 0 = Timer1/3/5 gate single-pulse acquisition has completed or has not been started This bit is automatically cleared when TxGSPM is cleared. TxGVAL: Timer1/3/5 Gate Current State bit Indicates the current state of the Timer1/3/5 gate that could be provided to TMRxH:TMRxL. Unaffected by Timer1/3/5 Gate Enable (TMRxGE). TxGSS<1:0>: Timer1/3/5 Gate Source Select bits 00 = Timer1/3/5 Gate pin 01 = Timer2/4/6 Match PR2/4/6 output (See Table 12-6 for proper timer match selection) 10 = Comparator 1 optionally synchronized output (SYNCC1OUT) 11 = Comparator 2 optionally synchronized output (SYNCC2OUT) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1-0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 171 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 12-6: Name ANSELB ANSELC INTCON IPR1 IPR2 IPR3 IPR5 PIE1 PIE2 PIE3 PIE5 PIR1 PIR2 PIR3 PIR5 PMD0 T1CON T1GCON T3CON T3GCON T5CON T5GCON TMRxH TMRxL TRISB TRISC TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISB5 TRISC5 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1/3/5 AS A TIMER/COUNTER Bit 7 -- ANSC7 Bit 6 -- ANSC6 PEIE/GIEL ADIP C1IP BCL2IP -- ADIE C1IE BCL2IE -- ADIF C1IF BCL2IF -- Bit 5 ANSB5 ANSC5 TMR0IE RC1IP C2IP RC2IP -- RC1IE C2IE RC2IE -- RC1IF C2IF RC2IF -- Bit 4 ANSB4 ANSC4 INT0IE TX1IP EEIP TX2IP -- TX1IE EEIE TX2IE -- TX1IF EEIF TX2IF -- TMR5MD T1GSPM T3GSPM T5GSPM Bit 3 ANSB3 ANSC3 RBIE SSP1IP BCL1IP CTMUIP -- SSP1IE BCL1IE CTMUIE -- SSP1IF BCL1IF CTMUIF -- TMR4MD T1SOSCEN T1GGO/DONE T3SOSCEN T3GGO/DONE T5SOSCEN T5GGO/DONE Bit 2 ANSB2 ANSC2 TMR0IF CCP1IP HLVDIP TMR5GIP TMR6IP CCP1IE HLVDIE TMR5GIE TMR6IE CCP1IF HLVDIF TMR5GIF TMR6IF TMR3MD T1SYNC T1GVAL T3SYNC T3GVAL T5SYNC T5GVAL Bit 1 ANSB1 -- INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3IP TMR3GIP TMR5IP TMR2IE TMR3IE TMR3GIE TMR5IE TMR2IF TMR3IF TMR3GIF TMR5IF TMR2MD T1RD16 T3RD16 T5RD16 Bit 0 ANSB0 -- RBIF TMR1IP CCP2IP TMR1GIP TMR4IP TMR1IE CCP2IE TMR1GIE TMR4IE TMR1IF CCP2IF TMR1GIF TMR4IF TMR1MD TMR1ON TMR3ON TMR5ON Reset Values on Page 153 153 115 127 128 129 130 123 124 125 126 118 119 120 122 56 170 171 170 171 170 171 -- -- TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISB0 TRISC0 154 154 GIE/GIEH -- OSCFIP SSP2IP -- -- OSCFIE SSP2IE -- -- OSCFIF SSP2IF -- UART2MD TMR1GE TMR3GE TMR5GE UART1MD TMR6MD T1GPOL T3GPOL T5GPOL T1GTM T3GTM T5GTM TMR1CS<1:0> TMR3CS<1:0> TMR5CS<1:0> T1CKPS<1:0> T3CKPS<1:0> T5CKPS<1:0> T1GSS<1:0> T3GSS T5GSS Timer1/3/5 Register, High Byte Timer1/3/5 Register, Low Byte TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISB3 TRISC3 TABLE 12-7: Name CONFIG3H CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1/3/5 Bit 7 MCLRE Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 CCP3MX Bit 1 PBADEN Bit 0 CCP2MX Reset Values on Page 354 DS41412B-page 172 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 13.0 TIMER2/4/6 MODULE There are three identical 8-bit Timer2-type modules available. To maintain pre-existing naming conventions, the Timers are called Timer2, Timer4 and Timer6 (also Timer2/4/6). Note: The `x' variable used in this section is used to designate Timer2, Timer4, or Timer6. For example, TxCON references T2CON, T4CON, or T6CON. PRx references PR2, PR4, or PR6. The Timer2/4/6 module incorporates the following features: * 8-bit Timer and Period registers (TMRx and PRx, respectively) * Readable and writable (both registers) * Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16) * Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16) * Interrupt on TMRx match with PRx, respectively * Optional use as the shift clock for the MSSPx modules (Timer2 only) See Figure 13-1 for a block diagram of Timer2/4/6. FIGURE 13-1: TIMER2/4/6 BLOCK DIAGRAM TMRx Output Sets Flag bit TMRxIF FOSC/4 Prescaler 1:1, 1:4, 1:16, 1:64 2 TxCKPS<1:0> TMRx Comparator Reset Postscaler 1:1 to 1:16 4 TxOUTPS<3:0> EQ PRx 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 173 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 13.1 Timer2/4/6 Operation 13.2 Timer2/4/6 Interrupt The clock input to the Timer2/4/6 module is the system instruction clock (FOSC/4). TMRx increments from 00h on each clock edge. A 4-bit counter/prescaler on the clock input allows direct input, divide-by-4 and divide-by-16 prescale options. These options are selected by the prescaler control bits, TxCKPS<1:0> of the TxCON register. The value of TMRx is compared to that of the Period register, PRx, on each clock cycle. When the two values match, the comparator generates a match signal as the timer output. This signal also resets the value of TMRx to 00h on the next cycle and drives the output counter/postscaler (see Section 13.2 "Timer2/4/6 Interrupt"). The TMRx and PRx registers are both directly readable and writable. The TMRx register is cleared on any device Reset, whereas the PRx register initializes to FFh. Both the prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared on the following events: * * * * * * * * * a write to the TMRx register a write to the TxCON register Power-on Reset (POR) Brown-out Reset (BOR) MCLR Reset Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset Stack Overflow Reset Stack Underflow Reset RESET Instruction Note: TMRx is not cleared when TxCON is written. Timer2/4/6 can also generate an optional device interrupt. The Timer2/4/6 output signal (TMRx-to-PRx match) provides the input for the 4-bit counter/postscaler. This counter generates the TMRx match interrupt flag which is latched in TMRxIF of the PIR1/PIR5 registers. The interrupt is enabled by setting the TMRx Match Interrupt Enable bit, TMRxIE of the PIE1/PIE5 registers. Interrupt Priority is selected with the TMRxIP bit in the IPR1/IPR5 registers. A range of 16 postscale options (from 1:1 through 1:16 inclusive) can be selected with the postscaler control bits, TxOUTPS<3:0>, of the TxCON register. 13.3 Timer2/4/6 Output The unscaled output of TMRx is available primarily to the CCP modules, where it is used as a time base for operations in PWM mode. The timer to be used with a specific CCP module is selected using the CxTSEL<1:0> bits in the CCPTMRS0 and CCPTMRS1 registers. Timer2 can be optionally used as the shift clock source for the MSSPx modules operating in SPI mode by setting SSPM<3:0> = 0011 in the SSPxCON1 register. Additional information is provided in Section 15.0 "Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP1 and MSSP2) Module". 13.4 Timer2/4/6 Operation During Sleep The Timer2/4/6 timers cannot be operated while the processor is in Sleep mode. The contents of the TMRx and PRx registers will remain unchanged while the processor is in Sleep mode. 13.5 Peripheral Module Disable When a peripheral module is not used or inactive, the module can be disabled by setting the Module Disable bit in the PMD registers. This will reduce power consumption to an absolute minimum. Setting the PMD bits holds the module in Reset and disconnects the module's clock source. The Module Disable bits for Timer2 (TMR2MD), Timer4 (TMR4MD) and Timer6 (TMR6MD) are in the PMD0 Register. See Section 3.0 "Power-Managed Modes" for more information. DS41412B-page 174 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 13-1: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 bit 6-3 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared Unimplemented: Read as `0' TxOUTPS<3:0>: TimerX Output Postscaler Select bits 0000 = 1:1 Postscaler 0001 = 1:2 Postscaler 0010 = 1:3 Postscaler 0011 = 1:4 Postscaler 0100 = 1:5 Postscaler 0101 = 1:6 Postscaler 0110 = 1:7 Postscaler 0111 = 1:8 Postscaler 1000 = 1:9 Postscaler 1001 = 1:10 Postscaler 1010 = 1:11 Postscaler 1011 = 1:12 Postscaler 1100 = 1:13 Postscaler 1101 = 1:14 Postscaler 1110 = 1:15 Postscaler 1111 = 1:16 Postscaler TMRxON: TimerX On bit 1 = TimerX is on 0 = TimerX is off TxCKPS<1:0>: Timer2-type Clock Prescale Select bits 00 = Prescaler is 1 01 = Prescaler is 4 1x = Prescaler is 16 U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets TxCON: TIMER2/TIMER4/TIMER6 CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 TMRxON R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 TxOUTPS<3:0> TxCKPS<1:0> bit 2 bit 1-0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 175 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 13-1: Name CCPTMRS0 CCPTMRS1 INTCON IPR1 IPR5 PIE1 PIE5 PIR1 PIR5 PMD0 PR2 PR4 PR6 T2CON T4CON T6CON TMR2 TMR4 TMR6 Legend: -- -- -- SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2/4/6 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 -- -- TMR0IE RC1IP -- RC1IE -- RC1IF -- Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 -- TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR6IP CCP1IE TMR6IE CCP1IF TMR6IF Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 204 204 115 127 130 123 126 118 122 56 -- -- -- TMR2ON TMR4ON TMR6ON T2CKPS<1:0> T4CKPS<1:0> T6CKPS<1:0> 170 170 170 -- -- -- C3TSEL<1:0> -- GIE/GIEH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- PEIE/GIEL ADIP -- ADIE -- ADIF -- C2TSEL<1:0> -- INT0IE TX1IP -- TX1IE -- TX1IF -- RBIE SSP1IP -- SSP1IE -- SSP1IF -- C1TSEL<1:0> C4TSEL<1:0> INT0IF TMR2IP TMR5IP TMR2IE TMR5IE TMR2IF TMR5IF RBIF TMR1IP TMR4IP TMR1IE TMR4IE TMR1IF TMR4IF TMR1MD C5TSEL<1:0> UART2MD UART1MD TMR6MD TMR5MD TMR4MD TMR3MD TMR2MD Timer2 Period Register Timer4 Period Register Timer6 Period Register T2OUTPS<3:0> T4OUTPS<3:0> T6OUTPS<3:0> Timer2 Register Timer4 Register Timer6 Register -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Timer2/4/6. DS41412B-page 176 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM MODULES Note 1: In devices with more than one CCP module, it is very important to pay close attention to the register names used. A number placed after the module acronym is used to distinguish between separate modules. For example, the CCP1CON and CCP2CON control the same operational aspects of two completely different CCP modules. 2: Throughout this section, generic references to a CCP module in any of its operating modes may be interpreted as being equally applicable to ECCP1, ECCP2, ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5. Register names, module signals, I/O pins, and bit names may use the generic designator `x' to indicate the use of a numeral to distinguish a particular module, when required. The Capture/Compare/PWM module is a peripheral which allows the user to time and control different events, and to generate Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) signals. In Capture mode, the peripheral allows the timing of the duration of an event. The Compare mode allows the user to trigger an external event when a predetermined amount of time has expired. The PWM mode can generate Pulse-Width Modulated signals of varying frequency and duty cycle. This family of devices contains three Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM modules (ECCP1, ECCP2, and ECCP3) and two standard Capture/Compare/PWM modules (CCP4 and CCP5). The Capture and Compare functions are identical for all CCP/ECCP modules. The difference between CCP and ECCP modules are in the Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) function. In CCP modules, the standard PWM function is identical. In ECCP modules, the Enhanced PWM function has either Full-Bridge or Half-Bridge PWM output. Full-Bridge ECCP modules have four available I/O pins while Half-Bridge ECCP modules only have two available I/O pins. ECCP PWM modules are backward compatible with CCP PWM modules and can be configured as standard PWM modules. See Table 14-1 to determine the CCP/ECCP functionality available on each device in this family. TABLE 14-1: Device Name PIC18(L)F23K22 PIC18(L)F24K22 PIC18(L)F25K22 PIC18(L)F26K22 PIC18(L)F43K22 PIC18(L)F44K22 PIC18(L)F45K22 PIC18(L)F46K22 PWM RESOURCES ECCP1 Enhanced PWM Full-Bridge ECCP2 Enhanced PWM Half-Bridge ECCP3 CCP4 CCP5 Enhanced PWM Standard PWM Standard PWM Half-Bridge (Special Event Trigger) Enhanced PWM Full-Bridge Enhanced PWM Full-Bridge Enhanced PWM Standard PWM Standard PWM Half-Bridge (Special Event Trigger) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 177 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.1 Capture Mode The Capture mode function described in this section is identical for all CCP and ECCP modules available on this device family. Capture mode makes use of the 16-bit Timer resources, Timer1, Timer3 and Timer5. The timer resources for each CCP capture function are independent and are selected using the CCPTMRS0 and CCPTMRS1 registers. When an event occurs on the CCPx pin, the 16-bit CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair captures and stores the 16-bit value of the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair, respectively. An event is defined as one of the following and is configured by the CCPxM<3:0> bits of the CCPxCON register: * * * * Every falling edge Every rising edge Every 4th rising edge Every 16th rising edge Figure 14-1 shows a simplified diagram of the Capture operation. FIGURE 14-1: CAPTURE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM Set Flag bit CCPxIF (PIR1/2/4 register) Prescaler 1, 4, 16 CCPx pin and Edge Detect CCPRxH Capture Enable CCPRxL TMR1/3/5H TMR1/3/5L CCPxM<3:0> System Clock (FOSC) 14.1.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION When a capture is made, the corresponding Interrupt Request Flag bit CCPxIF of the PIR1, PIR2 or PIR4 register is set. The interrupt flag must be cleared in software. If another capture occurs before the value in the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair is read, the old captured value is overwritten by the new captured value. In Capture mode, the CCPx pin should be configured as an input by setting the associated TRIS control bit. Some CCPx outputs are multiplexed on a couple of pins. Table 14-2 shows the CCP output pin multiplexing. Selection of the output pin is determined by the CCPxMX bits in Configuration register 3H (CONFIG3H). Refer to Register 24-4 for more details. Note: If the CCPx pin is configured as an output, a write to the port can cause a capture condition. TABLE 14-2: CCP OUTPUT CCP2 CCP3 CCP PIN MULTIPLEXING CONFIG 3H Control Bit CCP2MX CCP3MX Bit Value 0 1 (*) PIC18(L)F2XK22 I/O pin RB3 RC1 RC6 RB5 PIC18(L)F4XK22 I/O pin RB3 RC1 RE0 RB5 0(*) 1 Legend: * = Default 14.1.2 TIMER1 MODE RESOURCE 14.1.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE The 16-bit Timer resource must be running in Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode for the CCP module to use the capture feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the capture operation may not work. See Section 12.0 "Timer1/3/5 Module with Gate Control" for more information on configuring the 16-bit Timers. When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture interrupt may be generated. The user should keep the CCPxIE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1, PIE2 or PIE4 register clear to avoid false interrupts. Additionally, the user should clear the CCPxIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1, PIR2 or PIR4 register following any change in Operating mode. Note: Clocking the 16-bit Timer resource from the system clock (FOSC) should not be used in Capture mode. In order for Capture mode to recognize the trigger event on the CCPx pin, the Timer resource must be clocked from the instruction clock (FOSC/4) or from an external clock source. DS41412B-page 178 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.1.4 CCP PRESCALER 14.1.5 CAPTURE DURING SLEEP There are four prescaler settings specified by the CCPxM<3:0> bits of the CCPxCON register. Whenever the CCP module is turned off, or the CCP module is not in Capture mode, the prescaler counter is cleared. Any Reset will clear the prescaler counter. Switching from one capture prescaler to another does not clear the prescaler and may generate a false interrupt. To avoid this unexpected operation, turn the module off by clearing the CCPxCON register before changing the prescaler. Example 14-1 demonstrates the code to perform this function. Capture mode requires a 16-bit TimerX module for use as a time base. There are four options for driving the 16-bit TimerX module in Capture mode. It can be driven by the system clock (FOSC), the instruction clock (FOSC/ 4), or by the external clock sources, the Secondary Oscillator (SOSC), or the TxCKI clock input. When the 16-bit TimerX resource is clocked by FOSC or FOSC/4, TimerX will not increment during Sleep. When the device wakes from Sleep, TimerX will continue from its previous state. Capture mode will operate during Sleep when the 16-bit TimerX resource is clocked by one of the external clock sources (SOSC or the TxCKI pin). EXAMPLE 14-1: CHANGING BETWEEN CAPTURE PRESCALERS //Capture // Prescale 4th // rising edge // Turn the CCP // Module Off // Turn CCP module // on with new // prescale value #define NEW_CAPT_PS 0x06 ... CCPxCON = 0; CCPxCON = NEW_CAPT_PS; TABLE 14-3: Name CCP1CON CCP2CON CCP3CON CCP4CON CCP5CON CCPR1H CCPR1L CCPR2H CCPR2L CCPR3H CCPR3L CCPR4H CCPR4L CCPR5H CCPR5L CCPTMRS0 CCPTMRS1 INTCON IPR1 IPR2 IPR4 PIE1 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 CCP1M<3:0> CCP2M<3:0> CCP3M<3:0> CCP4M<3:0> CCP5M<3:0> Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 201 201 201 201 201 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C1TSEL<1:0> C4TSEL<1:0> INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3IP CCP4IP TMR2IE RBIF TMR1IP CCP2IP CCP3IP TMR1IE 204 204 115 127 128 130 123 P1M<1:0> P2M<1:0> P3M<1:0> -- -- -- -- DC1B<1:0> DC2B<1:0> DC3B<1:0> DC4B<1:0> DC5B<1:0> Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte (LSB) C3TSEL<1:0> -- GIE/GIEH -- OSCFIP -- -- -- PEIE/GIEL ADIP C1IP -- ADIE -- -- TMR0IE RC1IP C2IP -- RC1IE -- INT0IE TX1IP EEIP -- TX1IE C2TSEL<1:0> C5TSEL<1:0> RBIE SSP1IP BCL1IP -- SSP1IE TMR0IF CCP1IP HLVDIP CCP5IP CCP1IE -- Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. Note 1: These registers/bits are available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 179 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 14-3: Name PIE2 PIE4 PIR1 PIR2 PIR4 PMD0 PMD1 T1CON T1GCON T3CON T3GCON T5CON T5GCON TMR1H TMR1L TMR3H TMR3L TMR5H TMR5L TRISA TRISB TRISC TRISD(1) TRISE TRISA7 TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 WPUE3 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE (CONTINUED) Bit 7 OSCFIE -- -- OSCFIF -- Bit 6 C1IE -- ADIF C1IF -- UART1MD MSSP1MD Bit 5 C2IE -- RC1IF C2IF -- TMR6MD -- Bit 4 EEIE -- TX1IF EEIF -- TMR5MD CCP5MD Bit 3 BCL1IE -- SSP1IF BCL1IF -- TMR4MD CCP4MD T1SOSCEN T1GGO/DONE T3SOSCEN T3GGO/DONE T5SOSCEN T5GGO/DONE Bit 2 HLVDIE CCP5IE CCP1IF HLVDIF CCP5IF TMR3MD CCP3MD T1SYNC T1GVAL T3SYNC T3GVAL T5SYNC T5GVAL Bit 1 TMR3IE CCP4IE TMR2IF TMR3IF CCP4IF TMR2MD CCP2MD T1RD16 Bit 0 CCP2IE CCP3IE TMR1IF CCP2IF CCP3IF TMR1MD CCP1MD TMR1ON Register on Page 124 126 118 119 121 56 57 170 171 170 171 170 171 -- -- -- -- -- -- TRISA0 TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TRISE0(1) 154 154 154 154 154 UART2MD MSSP2MD TMR1CS<1:0> TMR1GE T1GPOL T1CKPS<1:0> T1GTM T1GSPM T1GSS T3RD16 TMR3ON TMR3CS<1:0> TMR3GE T3GPOL T3CKPS<1:0> T3GTM T3GSPM T3GSS T5RD16 TMR5ON TMR5CS<1:0> TMR5GE T5GPOL T5CKPS<1:0> T5GTM T5GSPM T5GSS Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR3 Register Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR3 Register Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR5 Register Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR5 Register TRISA6 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 -- TRISA5 TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 -- TRISA4 TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 -- TRISA3 TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 -- TRISA2 TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 TRISE2(1) TRISA1 TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRISE1(1) Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. Note 1: These registers/bits are available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. TABLE 14-4: Name CONFIG3H CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE Bit 7 Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 CCP3MX Bit 1 PBADEN Bit 0 CCP2MX Register on Page 354 MCLRE Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. DS41412B-page 180 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.2 Compare Mode 14.2.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION The Compare mode function described in this section is identical for all CCP and ECCP modules available on this device family. Compare mode makes use of the 16-bit TimerX resources, Timer1, Timer3 and Timer5. The 16-bit value of the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair is constantly compared against the 16-bit value of the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair. When a match occurs, one of the following events can occur: * * * * * Toggle the CCPx output Set the CCPx output Clear the CCPx output Generate a Special Event Trigger Generate a Software Interrupt The user must configure the CCPx pin as an output by clearing the associated TRIS bit. Some CCPx outputs are multiplexed on a couple of pins. Table 14-2 shows the CCP output pin Multiplexing. Selection of the output pin is determined by the CCPxMX bits in Configuration register 3H (CONFIG3H). Refer to Register 24-4 for more details. Note: Clearing the CCPxCON register will force the CCPx compare output latch to the default low level. This is not the PORT I/O data latch. 14.2.2 TimerX MODE RESOURCE The action on the pin is based on the value of the CCPxM<3:0> control bits of the CCPxCON register. At the same time, the interrupt flag CCPxIF bit is set. All Compare modes can generate an interrupt. Figure 14-2 shows a simplified diagram of the Compare operation. In Compare mode, 16-bit TimerX resource must be running in either Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode. The compare operation may not work in Asynchronous Counter mode. See Section 12.0 "Timer1/3/5 Module with Gate Control" for more information on configuring the 16-bit TimerX resources. Note: Clocking TimerX from the system clock (FOSC) should not be used in Compare mode. In order for Compare mode to recognize the trigger event on the CCPx pin, TImerX must be clocked from the instruction clock (FOSC/4) or from an external clock source. FIGURE 14-2: COMPARE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM CCPxM<3:0> Mode Select Set CCPxIF Interrupt Flag (PIR1/2/4) 4 CCPRxH CCPRxL 14.2.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE CCPx Pin Q S R Output Logic Match Comparator TMRxH TMRxL When Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen (CCPxM<3:0> = 1010), the CCPx module does not assert control of the CCPx pin (see the CCPxCON register). TRIS Output Enable Special Event Trigger Special Event Trigger function on * ECCP1, ECCP2, ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5 will: - Reset TimerX - TMRxH:TMRxL = 0x0000 - TimerX Interrupt Flag, (TMRxIF) is not set Additional Function on * CCP5 will - Set ADCON0<1>, GO/DONE bit to start an ADC Conversion if ADCON<0>, ADON = 1. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 181 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.2.4 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER 14.2.5 COMPARE DURING SLEEP When Special Event Trigger mode is selected (CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), and a match of the TMRxH:TMRxL and the CCPRxH:CCPRxL registers occurs, all CCPx and ECCPx modules will immediately: * Set the CCP interrupt flag bit - CCPxIF * CCP5 will start an ADC conversion, if the ADC is enabled On the next TimerX rising clock edge: * A Reset of TimerX register pair occurs - TMRxH:TMRxL = 0x0000, This Special Event Trigger mode does not: * Assert control over the CCPx or ECCPx pins. * Set the TMRxIF interrupt bit when the TMRxH:TMRxL register pair is reset. (TMRxIF gets set on a TimerX overflow.) If the value of the CCPRxH:CCPRxL registers are modified when a match occurs, the user should be aware that the automatic reset of TimerX occurs on the next rising edge of the clock. Therefore, modifying the CCPRxH:CCPRxL registers before this reset occurs will allow the TimerX to continue without being reset, inadvertently resulting in the next event being advanced or delayed. The Special Event Trigger mode allows the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair to effectively provide a 16-bit programmable period register for TimerX. The Compare mode is dependent upon the system clock (FOSC) for proper operation. Since FOSC is shut down during Sleep mode, the Compare mode will not function properly during Sleep. TABLE 14-5: Name CCP1CON CCP2CON CCP3CON CCP4CON CCP5CON CCPR1H CCPR1L CCPR2H CCPR2L CCPR3H CCPR3L CCPR4H CCPR4L CCPR5H CCPR5L CCPTMRS0 CCPTMRS1 INTCON REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARE Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 CCP1M<3:0> CCP2M<3:0> CCP3M<3:0> CCP4M<3:0> CCP5M<3:0> Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 201 201 201 201 201 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C1TSEL<1:0> C4TSEL<1:0> INT0IF RBIF 204 204 115 P1M<1:0> P2M<1:0> P3M<1:0> -- -- -- -- DC1B<1:0> DC2B<1:0> DC3B<1:0> DC4B<1:0> DC5B<1:0> Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte (MSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte (LSB) C3TSEL<1:0> -- GIE/GIEH -- PEIE/GIEL -- -- TMR0IE -- INT0IE C2TSEL<1:0> C5TSEL<1:0> RBIE TMR0IF -- Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. Note 1: These registers/bits are available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. DS41412B-page 182 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 14-5: Name IPR1 IPR2 IPR4 PIE1 PIE2 PIE4 PIR1 PIR2 PIR4 PMD0 PMD1 T1CON T1GCON T3CON T3GCON T5CON T5GCON TMR1H TMR1L TMR3H TMR3L TMR5H TMR5L TRISA TRISB TRISC TRISD(1) TRISE TRISA7 TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 WPUE3 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARE (CONTINUED) Bit 7 -- OSCFIP -- -- OSCFIE -- -- OSCFIF -- UART2MD MSSP2MD Bit 6 ADIP C1IP -- ADIE C1IE -- ADIF C1IF -- UART1MD MSSP1MD Bit 5 RC1IP C2IP -- RC1IE C2IE -- RC1IF C2IF -- TMR6MD -- Bit 4 TX1IP EEIP -- TX1IE EEIE -- TX1IF EEIF -- TMR5MD CCP5MD Bit 3 SSP1IP BCL1IP -- SSP1IE BCL1IE -- SSP1IF BCL1IF -- TMR4MD CCP4MD T1SOSCEN T1GGO/DONE T3SOSCEN T3GGO/DONE T5SOSCEN T5GGO/DONE Bit 2 CCP1IP HLVDIP CCP5IP CCP1IE HLVDIE CCP5IE CCP1IF HLVDIF CCP5IF TMR3MD CCP3MD T1SYNC T1GVAL T3SYNC T3GVAL T5SYNC T5GVAL Bit 1 TMR2IP TMR3IP CCP4IP TMR2IE TMR3IE CCP4IE TMR2IF TMR3IF CCP4IF TMR2MD CCP2MD T1RD16 Bit 0 TMR1IP CCP2IP CCP3IP TMR1IE CCP2IE CCP3IE TMR1IF CCP2IF CCP3IF TMR1MD CCP1MD TMR1ON Register on Page 127 128 130 123 124 126 118 119 121 56 57 170 171 170 171 170 171 -- -- -- -- -- -- TRISA0 TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TRISE0(1) 154 154 154 154 154 TMR1CS<1:0> TMR1GE T1GPOL T1CKPS<1:0> T1GTM T1GSPM T1GSS T3RD16 TMR3ON TMR3CS<1:0> TMR3GE T3GPOL T3CKPS<1:0> T3GTM T3GSPM T3GSS T5RD16 TMR5ON TMR5CS<1:0> TMR5GE T5GPOL T5CKPS<1:0> T5GTM T5GSPM T5GSS Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR3 Register Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR3 Register Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR5 Register Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR5 Register TRISA6 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 -- TRISA5 TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 -- TRISA4 TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 -- TRISA3 TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 -- TRISA2 TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 TRISE2(1) TRISA1 TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRISE1(1) Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. Note 1: These registers/bits are available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. TABLE 14-6: Name CONFIG3H CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE Bit 7 Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 CCP3MX Bit 1 PBADEN Bit 0 CCP2MX Register on Page 354 MCLRE Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 183 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.3 PWM Overview FIGURE 14-3: Period Pulse Width CCP PWM OUTPUT SIGNAL Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) is a scheme that provides power to a load by switching quickly between fully on and fully off states. The PWM signal resembles a square wave where the high portion of the signal is considered the on state and the low portion of the signal is considered the off state. The high portion, also known as the pulse width, can vary in time and is defined in steps. A larger number of steps applied, which lengthens the pulse width, also supplies more power to the load. Lowering the number of steps applied, which shortens the pulse width, supplies less power. The PWM period is defined as the duration of one complete cycle or the total amount of on and off time combined. PWM resolution defines the maximum number of steps that can be present in a single PWM period. A higher resolution allows for more precise control of the pulse width time and in turn the power that is applied to the load. The term duty cycle describes the proportion of the on time to the off time and is expressed in percentages, where 0% is fully off and 100% is fully on. A lower duty cycle corresponds to less power applied and a higher duty cycle corresponds to more power applied. Figure 14-3 shows a typical waveform of the PWM signal. TMRx = PRx TMRx = CCPRxH:CCPxCON<5:4> TMRx = 0 FIGURE 14-4: SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK DIAGRAM CCPxCON<5:4> Duty Cycle Registers CCPRxL CCPRxH(2) (Slave) CCPx Comparator (1) R S Q TMRx TRIS Comparator 14.3.1 STANDARD PWM OPERATION Note 1: PRx Clear Timer, toggle CCPx pin and latch duty cycle The standard PWM function described in this section is available and identical for CCP and ECCP modules. The standard PWM mode generates a Pulse-Width modulation (PWM) signal on the CCPx pin with up to 10 bits of resolution. The period, duty cycle, and resolution are controlled by the following registers: * * * * PRx registers TxCON registers CCPRxL registers CCPxCON registers 2: The 8-bit timer TMRx register is concatenated with the 2-bit internal system clock (FOSC), or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit time base. In PWM mode, CCPRxH is a read-only register. 14.3.2 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION The following steps should be taken when configuring the CCP module for standard PWM operation: 1. 2. Disable the CCPx pin output driver by setting the associated TRIS bit. Select the 8-bit TimerX resource, (Timer2, Timer4 or Timer6) to be used for PWM generation by setting the CxTSEL<1:0> bits in the CCPTMRSx register.(1) Load the PRx register for the selected TimerX with the PWM period value. Configure the CCP module for the PWM mode by loading the CCPxCON register with the appropriate values. Load the CCPRxL register and the DCxB<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register, with the PWM duty cycle value. Figure 14-4 shows a simplified block diagram of PWM operation. Note 1: The corresponding TRIS bit must be cleared to enable the PWM output on the CCPx pin. 2: Clearing the CCPxCON register will relinquish control of the CCPx pin. 3. 4. 5. DS41412B-page 184 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 6. Configure and start the 8-bit TimerX resource: * Clear the TMRxIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR2 or PIR4 register. See Note 1 below. * Configure the TxCKPS bits of the TxCON register with the Timer prescale value. * Enable the Timer by setting the TMRxON bit of the TxCON register. Enable PWM output pin: * Wait until the Timer overflows and the TMRxIF bit of the PIR2 or PIR4 register is set. See Note 1 below. * Enable the CCPx pin output driver by clearing the associated TRIS bit. Note 1: In order to send a complete duty cycle and period on the first PWM output, the above steps must be included in the setup sequence. If it is not critical to start with a complete PWM signal on the first output, then step 6 may be ignored. 14.3.5 PWM DUTY CYCLE 7. The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing a 10-bit value to multiple registers: CCPRxL register and DCxB<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register. The CCPRxL contains the eight MSbs and the DCxB<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register contain the two LSbs. CCPRxL and DCxB<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register can be written to at any time. The duty cycle value is not latched into CCPRxH until after the period completes (i.e., a match between PRx and TMRx registers occurs). While using the PWM, the CCPRxH register is read-only. Equation 14-2 is used to calculate the PWM pulse width. Equation 14-3 is used to calculate the PWM duty cycle ratio. EQUATION 14-2: PULSE WIDTH 14.3.3 PWM TIMER RESOURCE Pulse Width = CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4> TOSC (TMRx Prescale Value) The PWM standard mode makes use of one of the 8-bit Timer2/4/6 timer resources to specify the PWM period. Configuring the CxTSEL<1:0> bits in the CCPTMRS0 or CCPTMRS1 register selects which Timer2/4/6 timer is used. EQUATION 14-3: DUTY CYCLE RATIO 14.3.4 PWM PERIOD CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4> Duty Cycle Ratio = ---------------------------------------------------------------------4 PRx + 1 The CCPRxH register and a 2-bit internal latch are used to double buffer the PWM duty cycle. This double buffering is essential for glitchless PWM operation. The 8-bit timer TMRx register is concatenated with either the 2-bit internal system clock (FOSC), or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit time base. The system clock is used if the TimerX prescaler is set to 1:1. When the 10-bit time base matches the CCPRxH and 2-bit latch, then the CCPx pin is cleared (see Figure 14-4). The PWM period is specified by the PRx register of 8-bit TimerX. The PWM period can be calculated using the formula of Equation 14-1. EQUATION 14-1: PWM PERIOD (TMRx Prescale Value) PWM Period = PRx + 1 4 TOSC Note 1: TOSC = 1/FOSC When TMRx is equal to PRx, the following three events occur on the next increment cycle: * TMRx is cleared * The CCPx pin is set. (Exception: If the PWM duty cycle = 0%, the pin will not be set.) * The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPRxL into CCPRxH. Note: The Timer postscaler (see Section 13.0 "Timer2/4/6 Module") is not used in the determination of the PWM frequency. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 185 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.3.6 PWM RESOLUTION EQUATION 14-4: PWM RESOLUTION The resolution determines the number of available duty cycles for a given period. For example, a 10-bit resolution will result in 1024 discrete duty cycles, whereas an 8-bit resolution will result in 256 discrete duty cycles. The maximum PWM resolution is 10 bits when PRx is 255. The resolution is a function of the PRx register value as shown by Equation 14-4. Note: log 4 PRx + 1 Resolution = ----------------------------------------- bits log 2 If the pulse width value is greater than the period the assigned PWM pin(s) will remain unchanged. TABLE 14-7: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 32 MHz) 1.95 kHz 16 0xFF 10 7.81 kHz 4 0xFF 10 31.25 kHz 1 0xFF 10 125 kHz 1 0x3F 8 250 kHz 1 0x1F 7 333.3 kHz 1 0x17 6.6 PWM Frequency Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16) PRx Value Maximum Resolution (bits) TABLE 14-8: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 20 MHz) 1.22 kHz 16 0xFF 10 4.88 kHz 4 0xFF 10 19.53 kHz 1 0xFF 10 78.12 kHz 1 0x3F 8 156.3 kHz 1 0x1F 7 208.3 kHz 1 0x17 6.6 PWM Frequency Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16) PRx Value Maximum Resolution (bits) TABLE 14-9: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 8 MHz) 1.22 kHz 16 0x65 8 4.90 kHz 4 0x65 8 19.61 kHz 1 0x65 8 76.92 kHz 1 0x19 6 153.85 kHz 1 0x0C 5 200.0 kHz 1 0x09 5 PWM Frequency Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16) PRx Value Maximum Resolution (bits) 14.3.7 OPERATION IN SLEEP MODE 14.3.9 EFFECTS OF RESET In Sleep mode, the TMRx register will not increment and the state of the module will not change. If the CCPx pin is driving a value, it will continue to drive that value. When the device wakes up, TMRx will continue from its previous state. Any Reset will force all ports to Input mode and the CCP registers to their Reset states. 14.3.8 CHANGES IN SYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY The PWM frequency is derived from the system clock frequency. Any changes in the system clock frequency will result in changes to the PWM frequency. See Section 2.0 "Oscillator Module (With Fail-Safe Clock Monitor)" for additional details. DS41412B-page 186 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 14-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH STANDARD PWM Name CCP1CON CCP2CON CCP3CON CCP4CON CCP5CON CCPTMRS0 CCPTMRS1 INTCON IPR1 IPR2 IPR4 PIE1 PIE2 PIE4 PIR1 PIR2 PIR4 PMD0 PMD1 PR2 PR4 PR6 T2CON T4CON T6CON TMR2 TMR4 TMR6 TRISB TRISC TRISD(1) TRISE TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 WPUE3 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 -- TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 -- -- -- -- -- -- Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 CCP1M<3:0> CCP2M<3:0> CCP3M<3:0> CCP4M<3:0> CCP5M<3:0> C2TSEL<1:0> -- INT0IE TX1IP EEIP -- TX1IE EEIE -- TX1IF EEIF -- TMR5MD CCP5MD C5TSEL<1:0> RBIE SSP1IP BCL1IP -- SSP1IE BCL1IE -- SSP1IF BCL1IF -- TMR4MD CCP4MD TMR0IF CCP1IP HLVDIP CCP5IP CCP1IE HLVDIE CCP5IE CCP1IF HLVDIF CCP5IF TMR3MD CCP3MD -- C1TSEL<1:0> C4TSEL<1:0> INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3IP CCP4IP TMR2IE TMR3IE CCP4IE TMR2IF TMR3IF CCP4IF TMR2MD CCP2MD RBIF TMR1IP CCP2IP CCP3IP TMR1IE CCP2IE CCP3IE TMR1IF CCP2IF CCP3IF TMR1MD CCP1MD Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 201 201 201 201 201 204 204 115 127 128 129 123 124 126 118 119 121 56 57 -- -- -- TMR2ON TMR4ON TMR6ON T2CKPS<1:0> T4CKPS<1:0> T6CKPS<1:0> 170 170 170 -- -- -- TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 TRISE2(1) TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRISE1(1) TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TRISE0(1) 154 154 154 154 P1M<1:0> P2M<1:0> P3M<1:0> -- -- DC1B<1:0> DC2B<1:0> DC3B<1:0> DC4B<1:0> DC5B<1:0> -- -- TMR0IE RC1IP C2IP -- RC1IE C2IE -- RC1IF C2IF -- TMR6MD -- C3TSEL<1:0> -- GIE/GIEH -- OSCFIP -- -- OSCFIE -- -- OSCFIF -- UART2MD MSSP2MD -- PEIE/GIEL ADIP C1IP -- ADIE C1IE -- ADIF C1IF -- UART1MD MSSP1MD Timer2 Period Register Timer4 Period Register Timer6 Period Register T2OUTPS<3:0> T4OUTPS<3:0> T6OUTPS<3:0> Timer2 Period Register Timer4 Period Register Timer6 Period Register TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 -- TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 -- Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. Note 1: These registers/bits are available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. TABLE 14-11: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE Name CONFIG3H Bit 7 MCLRE Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 CCP3MX Bit 1 PBADEN Bit 0 CCP2MX Register on Page 354 Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 187 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.4 PWM (Enhanced Mode) The enhanced PWM function described in this section is available for CCP modules ECCP1, ECCP2 and ECCP3, with any differences between modules noted. The enhanced PWM mode generates a Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) signal on up to four different output pins with up to 10 bits of resolution. The period, duty cycle, and resolution are controlled by the following registers: * * * * PRx registers TxCON registers CCPRxL registers CCPxCON registers To select an Enhanced PWM Output mode, the PxM<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register must be configured appropriately. The PWM outputs are multiplexed with I/O pins and are designated PxA, PxB, PxC and PxD. The polarity of the PWM pins is configurable and is selected by setting the CCPxM bits in the CCPxCON register appropriately. Figure 14-5 shows an example of a simplified block diagram of the Enhanced PWM module. Table 14-12 shows the pin assignments for various Enhanced PWM modes. Note 1: The corresponding TRIS bit must be cleared to enable the PWM output on the CCPx pin. 2: Clearing the CCPxCON register will relinquish control of the CCPx pin. 3: Any pin not used in the enhanced PWM mode is available for alternate pin functions, if applicable. 4: To prevent the generation of an incomplete waveform when the PWM is first enabled, the ECCP module waits until the start of a new PWM period before generating a PWM signal. The ECCP modules have the following additional PWM registers which control Auto-shutdown, Auto-restart, Dead-band Delay and PWM Steering modes: * ECCPxAS registers * PSTRxCON registers * PWMxCON registers The enhanced PWM module can generate the following five PWM Output modes: * * * * * Single PWM Half-Bridge PWM Full-Bridge PWM, Forward Mode Full-Bridge PWM, Reverse Mode Single PWM with PWM Steering Mode FIGURE 14-5: Duty Cycle Registers CCPRxL EXAMPLE SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE ENHANCED PWM MODE DCxB<1:0> PxM<1:0> 2 CCPxM<3:0> 4 CCPx/PxA TRISx CCPRxH (Slave) Comparator R Q PxB Output Controller PxC TMRx (1) S PxD Clear Timer, toggle PWM pin and latch duty cycle PWMxCON TRISx TRISx TRISx CCPx/PxA PxB PxC(2) Comparator PxD(2) PRx Note 1: 2: The 8-bit timer TMRx register is concatenated with the 2-bit internal Q clock, or 2 bits of the prescaler to create the 10-bit time base. PxC and PxD are not available on Half-Bridge ECCP Modules. DS41412B-page 188 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 14-12: EXAMPLE PIN ASSIGNMENTS FOR VARIOUS PWM ENHANCED MODES ECCP Mode Single Half-Bridge Full-Bridge, Forward Full-Bridge, Reverse Note 1: PxM<1:0> 00 10 01 11 CCPx/PxA Yes (1) PxB Yes (1) PxC Yes (1) PxD Yes(1) No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes PWM Steering enables outputs in Single mode. FIGURE 14-6: PxM<1:0> EXAMPLE PWM (ENHANCED MODE) OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-HIGH STATE) Signal 0 Pulse Width Period PRX+1 00 (Single Output) PxA Modulated Delay(1) PxA Modulated Delay(1) 10 (Half-Bridge) PxB Modulated PxA Active 01 (Full-Bridge, Forward) PxB Inactive PxC Inactive PxD Modulated PxA Inactive 11 (Full-Bridge, Reverse) PxB Modulated PxC Active PxD Inactive Relationships: * Period = 4 * TOSC * (PRx + 1) * (TMRx Prescale Value) * Pulse Width = TOSC * (CCPRxL<7:0>:CCPxCON<5:4>) * (TMRx Prescale Value) * Delay = 4 * TOSC * (PWMxCON<6:0>) Note 1: Dead-band delay is programmed using the PWMxCON register (Section 14.4.5 "Programmable Dead-Band Delay Mode"). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 189 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 14-7: PxM<1:0> EXAMPLE ENHANCED PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-LOW STATE) Signal 0 Pulse Width Period PRx+1 00 (Single Output) PxA Modulated PxA Modulated 10 (Half-Bridge) Delay(1) PxB Modulated PxA Active Delay(1) 01 (Full-Bridge, Forward) PxB Inactive PxC Inactive PxD Modulated PxA Inactive 11 (Full-Bridge, Reverse) PxB Modulated PxC Active PxD Inactive Relationships: * Period = 4 * TOSC * (PRx + 1) * (TMRx Prescale Value) * Pulse Width = TOSC * (CCPRxL<7:0>:CCPxCON<5:4>) * (TMRx Prescale Value) * Delay = 4 * TOSC * (PWMxCON<6:0>) Note 1: Dead-band delay is programmed using the PWMxCON register (Section 14.4.5 "Programmable Dead-Band Delay Mode"). DS41412B-page 190 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.4.1 HALF-BRIDGE MODE In Half-Bridge mode, two pins are used as outputs to drive push-pull loads. The PWM output signal is output on the CCPx/PxA pin, while the complementary PWM output signal is output on the PxB pin (see Figure 14-9). This mode can be used for Half-Bridge applications, as shown in Figure 14-9, or for Full-Bridge applications, where four power switches are being modulated with two PWM signals. In Half-Bridge mode, the programmable dead-band delay can be used to prevent shoot-through current in HalfBridge power devices. The value of the PDC<6:0> bits of the PWMxCON register sets the number of instruction cycles before the output is driven active. If the value is greater than the duty cycle, the corresponding output remains inactive during the entire cycle. See Section 14.4.5 "Programmable Dead-Band Delay Mode" for more details of the dead-band delay operations. Since the PxA and PxB outputs are multiplexed with the PORT data latches, the associated TRIS bits must be cleared to configure PxA and PxB as outputs. FIGURE 14-8: Period EXAMPLE OF HALFBRIDGE PWM OUTPUT Period Pulse Width PxA(2) td PxB(2) (1) td (1) (1) td = Dead-Band Delay Note 1: 2: At this time, the TMRx register is equal to the PRx register. Output signals are shown as active-high. FIGURE 14-9: EXAMPLE OF HALF-BRIDGE APPLICATIONS Standard Half-Bridge Circuit ("Push-Pull") FET Driver PxA + Load + - FET Driver PxB Half-Bridge Output Driving a Full-Bridge Circuit V+ FET Driver PxA Load FET Driver FET Driver PxB FET Driver 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 191 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.4.2 FULL-BRIDGE MODE In Full-Bridge mode, all four pins are used as outputs. An example of Full-Bridge application is shown in Figure 14-10. In the Forward mode, pin CCPx/PxA is driven to its active state, pin PxD is modulated, while PxB and PxC will be driven to their inactive state as shown in Figure 14-11. In the Reverse mode, PxC is driven to its active state, pin PxB is modulated, while PxA and PxD will be driven to their inactive state as shown Figure 14-11. PxA, PxB, PxC and PxD outputs are multiplexed with the PORT data latches. The associated TRIS bits must be cleared to configure the PxA, PxB, PxC and PxD pins as outputs. FIGURE 14-10: EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE APPLICATION V+ FET Driver PxA QA QC FET Driver PxB FET Driver Load FET Driver PxC QB QD VPxD DS41412B-page 192 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 14-11: Forward Mode Period PxA (2) EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT Pulse Width PxB(2) PxC(2) PxD(2) (1) (1) Reverse Mode Period Pulse Width PxA(2) PxB(2) PxC(2) PxD(2) (1) (1) Note 1: 2: At this time, the TMRx register is equal to the PRx register. Output signal is shown as active-high. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 193 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.4.2.1 Direction Change in Full-Bridge Mode In the Full-Bridge mode, the PxM1 bit in the CCPxCON register allows users to control the forward/reverse direction. When the application firmware changes this direction control bit, the module will change to the new direction on the next PWM cycle. A direction change is initiated in software by changing the PxM1 bit of the CCPxCON register. The following sequence occurs four Timer cycles prior to the end of the current PWM period: * The modulated outputs (PxB and PxD) are placed in their inactive state. * The associated unmodulated outputs (PxA and PxC) are switched to drive in the opposite direction. * PWM modulation resumes at the beginning of the next period. See Figure 14-12 for an illustration of this sequence. The Full-Bridge mode does not provide dead-band delay. As one output is modulated at a time, dead-band delay is generally not required. There is a situation where dead-band delay is required. This situation occurs when both of the following conditions are true: 1. 2. The direction of the PWM output changes when the duty cycle of the output is at or near 100%. The turn off time of the power switch, including the power device and driver circuit, is greater than the turn on time. Figure 14-13 shows an example of the PWM direction changing from forward to reverse, at a near 100% duty cycle. In this example, at time t1, the output PxA and PxD become inactive, while output PxC becomes active. Since the turn off time of the power devices is longer than the turn on time, a shoot-through current will flow through power devices QC and QD (see Figure 14-10) for the duration of `t'. The same phenomenon will occur to power devices QA and QB for PWM direction change from reverse to forward. If changing PWM direction at high duty cycle is required for an application, two possible solutions for eliminating the shoot-through current are: 1. 2. Reduce PWM duty cycle for one PWM period before changing directions. Use switch drivers that can drive the switches off faster than they can drive them on. Other options to prevent shoot-through current may exist. FIGURE 14-12: Signal EXAMPLE OF PWM DIRECTION CHANGE Period(1) Period PxA (Active-High) PxB (Active-High) PxC (Active-High) PxD (Active-High) Pulse Width Note 1: 2: The direction bit PxM1 of the CCPxCON register is written any time during the PWM cycle. When changing directions, the PxA and PxC signals switch before the end of the current PWM cycle. The modulated PxB and PxD signals are inactive at this time. The length of this time is (TimerX Prescale)/FOSC, where TimerX is Timer2, Timer4 or Timer6. (2) Pulse Width DS41412B-page 194 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 14-13: EXAMPLE OF PWM DIRECTION CHANGE AT NEAR 100% DUTY CYCLE Forward Period t1 Reverse Period PxA PxB PxC PxD PW PW TON External Switch C TOFF External Switch D Potential Shoot-Through Current T = TOFF - TON Note 1: 2: 3: All signals are shown as active-high. TON is the turn-on delay of power switch QC and its driver. TOFF is the turn-off delay of power switch QD and its driver. 14.4.3 ENHANCED PWM AUTOSHUTDOWN MODE The PWM mode supports an Auto-Shutdown mode that will disable the PWM outputs when an external shutdown event occurs. Auto-Shutdown mode places the PWM output pins into a predetermined state. This mode is used to help prevent the PWM from damaging the application. The auto-shutdown sources are selected using the CCPxAS<2:0> bits of the ECCPxAS register. A shutdown event may be generated by: * A logic `0' on the INT pin * Comparator Cx * Setting the CCPxASE bit in firmware A shutdown condition is indicated by the CCPxASE (Auto-Shutdown Event Status) bit of the ECCPxAS register. If the bit is a `0', the PWM pins are operating normally. If the bit is a `1', the PWM outputs are in the shutdown state. When a shutdown event occurs, two things happen: The CCPxASE bit is set to `1'. The CCPxASE will remain set until cleared in firmware or an auto-restart occurs (see Section 14.4.4 "Auto-Restart Mode"). The enabled PWM pins are asynchronously placed in their shutdown states. The PWM output pins are grouped into pairs [PxA/PxC] and [PxB/PxD]. The state of each pin pair is determined by the PSSxAC<1:0> and PSSxBD<1:0> bits of the ECCPxAS register. Each pin pair may be placed into one of three states: * Drive logic `1' * Drive logic `0' * Tri-state (high-impedance) Note 1: The auto-shutdown condition is a levelbased signal, not an edge-based signal. As long as the level is present, the autoshutdown will persist. 2: Writing to the CCPxASE bit is disabled while an auto-shutdown condition persists. 3: Once the auto-shutdown condition has been removed and the PWM restarted (either through firmware or auto-restart), the PWM signal will always restart at the beginning of the next PWM period. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 195 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 14-14: PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN WITH FIRMWARE RESTART (PXRSEN = 0) Missing Pulse (Auto-Shutdown) Timer Overflow Timer Overflow PWM Period PWM Activity Start of PWM Period Shutdown Event CCPxASE bit Shutdown Event Occurs Shutdown Event Clears PWM Resumes CCPxASE Cleared by Firmware Timer Overflow Missing Pulse (CCPxASE not clear) Timer Overflow Timer Overflow 14.4.4 AUTO-RESTART MODE The Enhanced PWM can be configured to automatically restart the PWM signal once the autoshutdown condition has been removed. Auto-restart is enabled by setting the PxRSEN bit in the PWMxCON register. If auto-restart is enabled, the CCPxASE bit will remain set as long as the auto-shutdown condition is active. When the auto-shutdown condition is removed, the CCPxASE bit will be cleared via hardware and normal operation will resume. FIGURE 14-15: PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN WITH AUTO-RESTART (PXRSEN = 1) Missing Pulse (Auto-Shutdown) Timer Overflow Timer Overflow PWM Period Timer Overflow Missing Pulse (CCPxASE not clear) Timer Overflow Timer Overflow PWM Activity Start of PWM Period Shutdown Event CCPxASE bit Shutdown Event Occurs Shutdown Event Clears PWM Resumes CCPxASE Cleared by Hardware DS41412B-page 196 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.4.5 PROGRAMMABLE DEAD-BAND DELAY MODE FIGURE 14-16: Period Pulse Width PxA(2) td PxB(2) (1) EXAMPLE OF HALFBRIDGE PWM OUTPUT Period In Half-Bridge applications where all power switches are modulated at the PWM frequency, the power switches normally require more time to turn off than to turn on. If both the upper and lower power switches are switched at the same time (one turned on, and the other turned off), both switches may be on for a short period of time until one switch completely turns off. During this brief interval, a very high current (shootthrough current) will flow through both power switches, shorting the bridge supply. To avoid this potentially destructive shoot-through current from flowing during switching, turning on either of the power switches is normally delayed to allow the other switch to completely turn off. In Half-Bridge mode, a digitally programmable deadband delay is available to avoid shoot-through current from destroying the bridge power switches. The delay occurs at the signal transition from the non-active state to the active state. See Figure 14-16 for illustration. The lower seven bits of the associated PWMxCON register (Register 14-6) sets the delay period in terms of microcontroller instruction cycles (TCY or 4 TOSC). td (1) (1) td = Dead-Band Delay Note 1: 2: At this time, the TMRx register is equal to the PRx register. Output signals are shown as active-high. FIGURE 14-17: EXAMPLE OF HALF-BRIDGE APPLICATIONS V+ Standard Half-Bridge Circuit ("Push-Pull") FET Driver PxA + V Load + V - FET Driver PxB V- 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 197 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.4.6 PWM STEERING MODE FIGURE 14-18: STRxA PxA Signal CCPxM1 PORT Data STRxB CCPxM0 PORT Data 1 0 PxA pin In Single Output mode, PWM steering allows any of the PWM pins to be the modulated signal. Additionally, the same PWM signal can be simultaneously available on multiple pins. Once the Single Output mode is selected (CCPxM<3:2> = 11 and PxM<1:0> = 00 of the CCPxCON register), the user firmware can bring out the same PWM signal to one, two, three or four output pins by setting the appropriate Steering Enable bits (STRxA, STRxB, STRxC and/or STRxD) of the PSTRxCON register, as shown in Table 14-13. Note: The associated TRIS bits must be set to output (`0') to enable the pin output driver in order to see the PWM signal on the pin. SIMPLIFIED STEERING BLOCK DIAGRAM 1 0 TRIS PxB pin STRxC CCPxM1 PORT Data STRxD CCPxM0 PORT Data 1 0 1 0 TRIS PxC pin While the PWM Steering mode is active, CCPxM<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register select the PWM output polarity for the PxD, PxC, PxB and PxA pins. The PWM auto-shutdown operation also applies to PWM Steering mode as described in Section 14.4.3 "Enhanced PWM Auto-shutdown Mode". An autoshutdown event will only affect pins that have PWM outputs enabled. TRIS PxD pin TRIS Note 1: Port outputs are configured as shown when the CCPxCON register bits PxM<1:0> = 00 and CCPxM<3:2> = 11. Single PWM output requires setting at least one of the STRx bits. 2: 14.4.6.1 Steering Synchronization The STRxSYNC bit of the PSTRxCON register gives the user two selections of when the steering event will happen. When the STRxSYNC bit is `0', the steering event will happen at the end of the instruction that writes to the PSTRxCON register. In this case, the output signal at the PxA, PxB, PxC and PxD pins may be an incomplete PWM waveform. This operation is useful when the user firmware needs to immediately remove a PWM signal from the pin. When the STRxSYNC bit is `1', the effective steering update will happen at the beginning of the next PWM period. In this case, steering on/off the PWM output will always produce a complete PWM waveform. Figures 14-19 and 14-20 illustrate the timing diagrams of the PWM steering depending on the STRxSYNC setting. DS41412B-page 198 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 14.4.7 START-UP CONSIDERATIONS When any PWM mode is used, the application hardware must use the proper external pull-up and/or pull-down resistors on the PWM output pins. The CCPxM<1:0> bits of the CCPxCON register allow the user to choose whether the PWM output signals are active-high or active-low for each pair of PWM output pins (PxA/PxC and PxB/PxD). The PWM output polarities must be selected before the PWM pin output drivers are enabled. Changing the polarity configuration while the PWM pin output drivers are enable is not recommended since it may result in damage to the application circuits. The PxA, PxB, PxC and PxD output latches may not be in the proper states when the PWM module is initialized. Enabling the PWM pin output drivers at the same time as the Enhanced PWM modes may cause damage to the application circuit. The Enhanced PWM modes must be enabled in the proper Output mode and complete a full PWM cycle before enabling the PWM pin output drivers. The completion of a full PWM cycle is indicated by the TMRxIF bit of the PIR1, PIR2 or PIR5 register being set as the second PWM period begins. Note: When the microcontroller is released from Reset, all of the I/O pins are in the high-impedance state. The external circuits must keep the power switch devices in the Off state until the microcontroller drives the I/O pins with the proper signal levels or activates the PWM output(s). FIGURE 14-19: EXAMPLE OF STEERING EVENT AT END OF INSTRUCTION (STRxSYNC = 0) PWM Period PWM STRx P1 PORT Data P1n = PWM PORT Data FIGURE 14-20: EXAMPLE OF STEERING EVENT AT BEGINNING OF INSTRUCTION (STRxSYNC = 1) PWM STRx P1 PORT Data P1n = PWM PORT Data 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 199 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 14-13: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED PWM Name ECCP1AS CCP1CON ECCP2AS CCP2CON ECCP3AS CCP3CON CCPTMRS0 INTCON IPR1 IPR2 IPR4 PIE1 PIE2 PIE4 PIR1 PIR2 PIR4 PMD0 PMD1 PR2 PR4 PR6 PSTR1CON PSTR2CON PSTR3CON PWM1CON PWM2CON PWM3CON T2CON T4CON T6CON TMR2 TMR4 TMR6 TRISA TRISB TRISC TRISD(1) TRISE TRISA7 TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 WPUE3 TRISA6 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 TRISA5 TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 Bit 7 CCP1ASE Bit 6 Bit 5 CCP1AS<2:0> Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Register on Page 205 201 205 201 205 201 204 115 127 128 130 123 124 126 118 119 121 56 57 -- -- -- P1SSAC<1:0> CCP1M<3:0> P2SSAC<1:0> CCP2M<3:0> P3SSAC<1:0> CCP3M<3:0> C2TSEL<1:0> INT0IE TXxIP EEIP RBIE SSPIP BCL1IP P1SSBD<1:0> P2SSBD<1:0> P3SSBD<1:0> C1TSEL<1:0> INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3IP CCP4IP TMR2IE TMR3IE CCP4IE TMR2IF TMR3IF CCP4IF TMR2MD CCP2MD RBIF TMR1IP CCP2IP CCP3IP TMR1IE CCP2IE CCP3IE TMR1IF CCP2IF CCP3IF TMR1MD CCP1MD P1M<1:0> CCP2ASE P2M<1:0> CCP3ASE P3M<1:0> C3TSEL<1:0> GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL ADIP C1IP DC1B<1:0> CCP2AS<2:0> DC2B<1:0> CCP3AS<2:0> DC3B<1:0> -- TMR0IE RCxIP C2IP -- TMR0IF CCP1IP HLVDIP CCP5IP CCP1IE HLVDIE CCP5IE CCP1IF HLVDIF CCP5IF TMR3MD CCP3MD -- OSCFIP -- -- OSCFIE -- ADIE C1IE -- RCxIE C2IE -- TXxIE EEIE -- SSPIE BCLIE -- -- OSCFIF -- ADIF C1IF -- RCxIF C2IF -- TXxIF EEIF -- SSPIF BCLIF -- UART2MD MSSP2MD -- UART1MD MSSP1MD -- TMR6MD -- TMR5MD CCP5MD -- TMR4MD CCP4MD -- Timer2 Period Register Timer4 Period Register Timer6 Period Register -- -- -- P1RSEN P2RSEN P3RSEN -- -- -- -- -- -- STR1SYNC STR2SYNC STR3SYNC STR1D STR2D STR3D P1DC<6:0> P2DC<6:0> P3DC<6:0> STR1C STR2C STR3C STR1B STR2B STR3B STR1A STR2A STR3A 206 206 206 206 206 206 -- -- -- T2OUTPS<3:0> T4OUTPS<3:0> T6OUTPS<3:0> Timer2 Module Register Timer4 Module Register Timer6 Module Register TRISA4 TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 TRISA3 TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 TMR2ON TMR4ON TMR6ON T2CKPS<1:0> T4CKPS<1:0> T6CKPS<1:0> 170 170 170 -- -- -- TRISA2 TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 TRISE2(1) TRISA1 TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRISE1(1) TRISA0 TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TRISE0(1) 154 154 154 154 154 -- -- -- -- Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. Note 1: These registers/bits are available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. DS41412B-page 200 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 14-14: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE Name CONFIG3H Bit 7 MCLRE Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 CCP3MX Bit 1 PBADEN Bit 0 CCP2MX Register on Page 354 Legend: -- = Unimplemented location, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by Capture mode. REGISTER 14-1: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-6 bit 5-4 CCPxCON: STANDARD CCPx CONTROL REGISTER U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 DCxB<1:0> CCPxM<3:0> W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Reset Unused DCxB<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle Least Significant bits Capture mode: Unused Compare mode: Unused PWM mode: These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPRxL. CCPxM<3:0>: ECCPx Mode Select bits 0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets the module) 0001 = Reserved 0010 = Compare mode: toggle output on match 0011 = Reserved 0100 = 0101 = 0110 = 0111 = Capture mode: every falling edge Capture mode: every rising edge Capture mode: every 4th rising edge Capture mode: every 16th rising edge bit 3-0 1000 = Compare mode: set output on compare match (CCPx pin is set, CCPxIF is set) 1001 = Compare mode: clear output on compare match (CCPx pin is cleared, CCPxIF is set) 1010 = Compare mode: generate software interrupt on compare match (CCPx pin is unaffected, CCPxIF is set) 1011 = Compare mode: Special Event Trigger (CCPx pin is unaffected, CCPxIF is set) TimerX (selected by CxTSEL bits) is reset ADON is set, starting A/D conversion if A/D module is enabled(1) 11xx =: PWM mode Note 1: This feature is available on CCP5 only. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 201 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 14-2: R/x-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-6 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared PxM<1:0>: Enhanced PWM Output Configuration bits If CCPxM<3:2> = 00, 01, 10: (Capture/Compare modes) xx = PxA assigned as Capture/Compare input; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins Half-Bridge ECCP Modules(1): If CCPxM<3:2> = 11: (PWM modes) 0x = Single output; PxA modulated; PxB assigned as port pin 1x = Half-Bridge output; PxA, PxB modulated with dead-band control Full-Bridge ECCP Modules(1): If CCPxM<3:2> = 11: (PWM modes) 00 = Single output; PxA modulated; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins 01 = Full-Bridge output forward; PxD modulated; PxA active; PxB, PxC inactive 10 = Half-Bridge output; PxA, PxB modulated with dead-band control; PxC, PxD assigned as port pins 11 = Full-Bridge output reverse; PxB modulated; PxC active; PxA, PxD inactive bit 5-4 DCxB<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle Least Significant bits Capture mode: Unused Compare mode: Unused PWM mode: These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPRxL. See Table 14-1 to determine Full-Bridge and Half-Bridge ECCPs for the device being used. U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Reset PxM<1:0> CCPxCON: ENHANCED CCPx CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 DCxB<1:0> CCPxM<3:0> Note 1: DS41412B-page 202 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 14-2: bit 3-0 CCPxCON: ENHANCED CCPx CONTROL REGISTER (CONTINUED) CCPxM<3:0>: ECCPx Mode Select bits 0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets the module) 0001 = Reserved 0010 = Compare mode: toggle output on match 0011 = Reserved 0100 = 0101 = 0110 = 0111 = Capture mode: every falling edge Capture mode: every rising edge Capture mode: every 4th rising edge Capture mode: every 16th rising edge 1000 = Compare mode: set output on compare match (CCPx pin is set, CCPxIF is set) 1001 = Compare mode: clear output on compare match (CCPx pin is cleared, CCPxIF is set) 1010 = Compare mode: generate software interrupt on compare match (CCPx pin is unaffected, CCPxIF is set) 1011 = Compare mode: Special Event Trigger (CCPx pin is unaffected, CCPxIF is set) TimerX is reset Half-Bridge ECCP Modules(1): 1100 = PWM mode: PxA active-high; PxB active-high 1101 = PWM mode: PxA active-high; PxB active-low 1110 = PWM mode: PxA active-low; PxB active-high 1111 = PWM mode: PxA active-low; PxB active-low Full-Bridge ECCP Modules(1): 1100 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-high 1101 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-low 1110 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-high 1111 = PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-low Note 1: See Table 14-1 to determine Full-Bridge and Half-Bridge ECCPs for the device being used. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 203 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 14-3: R/W-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-6 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared C3TSEL<1:0>: CCP3 Timer Selection bits 00 = CCP3 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer1, PWM modes use Timer2 01 = CCP3 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer3, PWM modes use Timer4 10 = CCP3 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer5, PWM modes use Timer6 11 = Reserved Unused C2TSEL<1:0>: CCP2 Timer Selection bits 00 = CCP2 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer1, PWM modes use Timer2 01 = CCP2 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer3, PWM modes use Timer4 10 = CCP2 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer5, PWM modes use Timer6 11 = Reserved Unused C1TSEL<1:0>: CCP1 Timer Selection bits 00 = CCP1 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer1, PWM modes use Timer2 01 = CCP1 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer3, PWM modes use Timer4 10 = CCP1 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer5, PWM modes use Timer6 11 = Reserved U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets C3TSEL<1:0> CCPTMRS0: PWM TIMER SELECTION CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0 U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 C2TSEL<1:0> C1TSEL<1:0> bit 5 bit 4-3 bit 2 bit 1-0 REGISTER 14-4: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-4 bit 3-2 CCPTMRS1: PWM TIMER SELECTION CONTROL REGISTER 1 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 C5TSEL<1:0> C4TSEL<1:0> W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets Unimplemented: Read as `0' C5TSEL<1:0>: CCP5 Timer Selection bits 00 = CCP5 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer1, PWM modes use Timer2 01 = CCP5 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer3, PWM modes use Timer4 10 = CCP5 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer5, PWM modes use Timer6 11 = Reserved C4TSEL<1:0>: CCP4 Timer Selection bits 00 = CCP4 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer1, PWM modes use Timer2 01 = CCP4 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer3, PWM modes use Timer4 10 = CCP4 - Capture/Compare modes use Timer5, PWM modes use Timer6 11 = Reserved bit 1-0 DS41412B-page 204 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 14-5: R/W-0 CCPxASE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared CCPxASE: CCPx Auto-shutdown Event Status bit if PxRSEN = 1; 1 = An Auto-shutdown event occurred; CCPxASE bit will automatically clear when event goes away; CCPx outputs in shutdown state 0 = CCPx outputs are operating if PxRSEN = 0; 1 = An Auto-shutdown event occurred; bit must be cleared in software to restart PWM; CCPx outputs in shutdown state 0 = CCPx outputs are operating CCxPAS<2:0>: CCPx Auto-Shutdown Source Select bits (1) 000 = Auto-shutdown is disabled 001 = Comparator C1 - output high will cause shutdown event 010 = Comparator C2 - output high will cause shutdown event 011 = Either Comparator C1 or C2 - output high will cause shutdown event 100 = FLT0 pin - low level will cause shutdown event 101 = FLT0 pin or Comparator C1 - low level will cause shutdown event 110 = FLT0 pin or Comparator C2 - low level will cause shutdown event 111 = FLT0 pin or Comparators C1 or C2 - low level will cause shutdown event PSSxAC<1:0>: Pins PxA and PxC Shutdown State Control bits 00 = Drive pins PxA and PxC to `0' 01 = Drive pins PxA and PxC to `1' 1x = Pins PxA and PxC tri-state PSSxBD<1:0>: Pins PxB and PxD Shutdown State Control bits 00 = Drive pins PxB and PxD to `0' 01 = Drive pins PxB and PxD to `1' 1x = Pins PxB and PxD tri-state If C1SYNC or C2SYNC bits in the CM2CON1 register are enabled, the shutdown will be delayed by Timer1. U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets ECCPxAS: CCPX AUTO-SHUTDOWN CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 CCPxAS<2:0> R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 PSSxAC<1:0> PSSxBD<1:0> bit 6-4 bit 3-2 bit 1-0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 205 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 14-6: R/W-0 PxRSEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared PxRSEN: PWM Restart Enable bit 1 = Upon auto-shutdown, the CCPxASE bit clears automatically once the shutdown event goes away; the PWM restarts automatically 0 = Upon auto-shutdown, CCPxASE must be cleared in software to restart the PWM PxDC<6:0>: PWM Delay Count bits PxDCx = Number of FOSC/4 (4 * TOSC) cycles between the scheduled time when a PWM signal should transition active and the actual time it transitions active U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets PWMxCON: ENHANCED PWM CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 PxDC<6:0> bit 0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 6-0 REGISTER 14-7: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-5 bit 4 PSTRxCON: PWM STEERING CONTROL REGISTER(1) U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 STRxSYNC R/W-0 STRxD R/W-0 STRxC R/W-0 STRxB R/W-1 STRxA bit 0 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets Unimplemented: Read as `0' STRxSYNC: Steering Sync bit 1 = Output steering update occurs on next PWM period 0 = Output steering update occurs at the beginning of the instruction cycle boundary STRxD: Steering Enable bit D 1 = PxD pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCPxM<1:0> 0 = PxD pin is assigned to port pin STRxC: Steering Enable bit C 1 = PxC pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCPxM<1:0> 0 = PxC pin is assigned to port pin STRxB: Steering Enable bit B 1 = PxB pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCPxM<1:0> 0 = PxB pin is assigned to port pin STRxA: Steering Enable bit A 1 = PxA pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCPxM<1:0> 0 = PxA pin is assigned to port pin The PWM Steering mode is available only when the CCPxCON register bits CCPxM<3:2> = 11 and PxM<1:0> = 00. bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: DS41412B-page 206 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (MSSP1 AND MSSP2) MODULE Master SSPx (MSSPx) Module Overview The SPI interface supports the following modes and features: * * * * * Master mode Slave mode Clock Parity Slave Select Synchronization (Slave mode only) Daisy chain connection of slave devices 15.1 The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSPx) module is a serial interface useful for communicating with other peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral devices may be Serial EEPROMs, shift registers, display drivers, A/D converters, etc. The MSSPx module can operate in one of two modes: * Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) * Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2CTM) Figure 15-1 is a block diagram of the SPI interface module. FIGURE 15-1: MSSPx BLOCK DIAGRAM (SPI MODE) Data Bus Read SSPxBUF Reg Write SDIx SSPxSR Reg SDOx bit 0 Shift Clock SSx SSx Control Enable Edge Select SSPxM<3:0> 4 2 (CKP, CKE) Clock Select SCKx Edge Select ( TMR22Output ) Prescaler TOSC 4, 16, 64 Baud Rate Generator (SSPxADD) TRIS bit 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 207 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 The I2C interface supports the following modes and features: * * * * * * * * * * * * * Master mode Slave mode Byte NACKing (Slave mode) Limited Multi-master support 7-bit and 10-bit addressing Start and Stop interrupts Interrupt masking Clock stretching Bus collision detection General call address matching Address masking Address Hold and Data Hold modes Selectable SDAx hold times The PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 has two MSSP modules, MSSP1 and MSSP2, each module operating independently from the other. Note 1: In devices with more than one MSSP module, it is very important to pay close attention to SSPxCONx register names. SSP1CON1 and SSP1CON2 registers control different operational aspects of the same module, while SSP1CON1 and SSP2CON1 control the same features for two different modules. 2: Throughout this section, generic references to an MSSP module in any of its operating modes may be interpreted as being equally applicable to MSSP1 or MSSP2. Register names, module I/O signals, and bit names may use the generic designator `x' to indicate the use of a numeral to distinguish a particular module when required. Figure 15-2 is a block diagram of the I2C interface module in Master mode. Figure 15-3 is a diagram of the I2C interface module in Slave mode. FIGURE 15-2: MSSPx BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2CTM MASTER MODE) Internal Data Bus Read SSPxBUF Write Baud Rate Generator (SSPxADD) Shift Clock SSPxSR Clock Cntl MSb Receive Enable (RCEN) LSb [SSPxM 3:0] SDAx SDAx in Clock Arbitrate/BCOL Detect Start bit, Stop bit, Acknowledge Generate (SSPxCON2) SCLx SCLx in Bus Collision Start bit Detect, Stop bit Detect Write Collision Detect Clock Arbitration State Counter for end of XMIT/RCV Address Match Detect Set/Reset: S, P, SSPxSTAT, WCOL, SSPxOV Reset SEN, PEN (SSPxCON2) Set SSPxIF, BCLxIF DS41412B-page 208 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. (Hold off clock source) PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 15-3: MSSPx BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2CTM SLAVE MODE) Internal Data Bus Read SSPxBUF Reg Shift Clock SSPxSR Reg SDAx MSb LSb Write SCLx SSPxMSK Reg Match Detect SSPxADD Reg Start and Stop bit Detect Set, Reset S, P bits (SSPxSTAT Reg) Addr Match 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 209 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.2 SPI Mode Overview The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus is a synchronous serial data communication bus that operates in Full-Duplex mode. Devices communicate in a master/slave environment where the master device initiates the communication. A slave device is controlled through a chip select known as Slave Select. The SPI bus specifies four signal connections: * * * * Serial Clock (SCKx) Serial Data Out (SDOx) Serial Data In (SDIx) Slave Select (SSx) During each SPI clock cycle, a full-duplex data transmission occurs. This means that at the same time, the slave device is sending out the MSb from its shift register and the master device is reading this bit from that same line and saving it as the LSb of its shift register. After 8 bits have been shifted out, the master and slave have exchanged register values. If there is more data to exchange, the shift registers are loaded with new data and the process repeats itself. Whether the data is meaningful or not (dummy data), depends on the application software. This leads to three scenarios for data transmission: * Master sends useful data and slave sends dummy data. * Master sends useful data and slave sends useful data. * Master sends dummy data and slave sends useful data. Transmissions may involve any number of clock cycles. When there is no more data to be transmitted, the master stops sending the clock signal and it deselects the slave. Every slave device connected to the bus that has not been selected through its slave select line must disregard the clock and transmission signals and must not transmit out any data of its own. Figure 15-1 shows the block diagram of the MSSPx module when operating in SPI Mode. The SPI bus operates with a single master device and one or more slave devices. When multiple slave devices are used, an independent Slave Select connection is required from the master device to each slave device. Figure 15-4 shows a typical connection between a master device and multiple slave devices. The master selects only one slave at a time. Most slave devices have tri-state outputs so their output signal appears disconnected from the bus when they are not selected. Transmissions involve two shift registers, eight bits in size, one in the master and one in the slave. With either the master or the slave device, data is always shifted out one bit at a time, with the Most Significant bit (MSb) shifted out first. At the same time, a new Least Significant bit (LSb) is shifted into the same register. Figure 15-5 shows a typical connection between two processors configured as master and slave devices. Data is shifted out of both shift registers on the programmed clock edge and latched on the opposite edge of the clock. The master device transmits information out on its SDOx output pin which is connected to, and received by, the slave's SDIx input pin. The slave device transmits information out on its SDOx output pin, which is connected to, and received by, the master's SDIx input pin. To begin communication, the master device first sends out the clock signal. Both the master and the slave devices should be configured for the same clock polarity. The master device starts a transmission by sending out the MSb from its shift register. The slave device reads this bit from that same line and saves it into the LSb position of its shift register. DS41412B-page 210 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 15-4: SPI MASTER AND MULTIPLE SLAVE CONNECTION SCLK SDOx SDIx General I/O General I/O General I/O SCLK SDIx SDOx SSx SCLK SDIx SDOx SSx SCLK SDIx SDOx SSx SPI Slave #3 SPI Slave #2 SPI Slave #1 SPI Master 15.2.1 SPI MODE REGISTERS 15.2.2 SPI MODE OPERATION The MSSPx module has five registers for SPI mode operation. These are: * * * * * * MSSPx STATUS register (SSPxSTAT) MSSPx Control register 1 (SSPxCON1) MSSPx Control register 3 (SSPxCON3) MSSPx Data Buffer register (SSPxBUF) MSSPx Address register (SSPxADD) MSSPx Shift register (SSPxSR) (Not directly accessible) and The The The When initializing the SPI, several options need to be specified. This is done by programming the appropriate control bits (SSPxCON1<5:0> and SSPxSTAT<7:6>). These control bits allow the following to be specified: * * * * Master mode (SCKx is the clock output) Slave mode (SCKx is the clock input) Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCKx) Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data output time) * Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of SCKx) * Clock Rate (Master mode only) * Slave Select mode (Slave mode only) To enable the serial port, SSPx Enable bit, SSPxEN of the SSPxCON1 register, must be set. To reset or reconfigure SPI mode, clear the SSPxEN bit, re-initialize the SSPxCONx registers and then set the SSPxEN bit. This configures the SDIx, SDOx, SCKx and SSx pins as serial port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial port function, some must have their data direction bits (in the TRIS register) appropriately programmed as follows: * SDIx must have corresponding TRIS bit set * SDOx must have corresponding TRIS bit cleared * SCKx (Master mode) must have corresponding TRIS bit cleared * SCKx (Slave mode) must have corresponding TRIS bit set * SSx must have corresponding TRIS bit set SSPxCON1 and SSPxSTAT are the control STATUS registers in SPI mode operation. SSPxCON1 register is readable and writable. lower 6 bits of the SSPxSTAT are read-only. upper two bits of the SSPxSTAT are read/write. In one SPI Master mode, SSPxADD can be loaded with a value used in the Baud Rate Generator. More information on the Baud Rate Generator is available in Section 15.7 "Baud Rate Generator". SSPxSR is the shift register used for shifting data in and out. SSPxBUF provides indirect access to the SSPxSR register. SSPxBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes are written, and from which data bytes are read. In receive operations, SSPxSR and SSPxBUF together create a buffered receiver. When SSPxSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPxBUF and the SSPxIF interrupt is set. During transmission, the SSPxBUF is not buffered. A write to SSPxBUF will write to both SSPxBUF and SSPxSR. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 211 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Any serial port function that is not desired may be overridden by programming the corresponding data direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value. The MSSPx consists of a transmit/receive shift register (SSPxSR) and a buffer register (SSPxBUF). The SSPxSR shifts the data in and out of the device, MSb first. The SSPxBUF holds the data that was written to the SSPxSR until the received data is ready. Once the 8 bits of data have been received, that byte is moved to the SSPxBUF register. Then, the Buffer Full Detect bit, BF of the SSPxSTAT register, and the interrupt flag bit, SSPxIF, are set. This double-buffering of the received data (SSPxBUF) allows the next byte to start reception before reading the data that was just received. Any write to the SSPxBUF register during transmission/ reception of data will be ignored and the write collision detect bit, WCOL of the SSPxCON1 register, will be set. User software must clear the WCOL bit to allow the following write(s) to the SSPxBUF register to complete successfully. When the application software is expecting to receive valid data, the SSPxBUF should be read before the next byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPxBUF. The Buffer Full bit, BF of the SSPxSTAT register, indicates when SSPxBUF has been loaded with the received data (transmission is complete). When the SSPxBUF is read, the BF bit is cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the SPI is only a transmitter. Generally, the MSSPx interrupt is used to determine when the transmission/reception has completed. If the interrupt method is not going to be used, then software polling can be done to ensure that a write collision does not occur. FIGURE 15-5: SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION SPI Slave SSPxM<3:0> = 010x SDIx Serial Input Buffer (SSPxBUF) SPI Master SSPxM<3:0> = 00xx = 1010 SDOx Serial Input Buffer (BUF) Shift Register (SSPxSR) MSb LSb SDIx SDOx MSb SCKx SSx Shift Register (SSPxSR) LSb SCKx General I/O Processor 1 Serial Clock Slave Select (optional) Processor 2 DS41412B-page 212 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.2.3 SPI MASTER MODE The master can initiate the data transfer at any time because it controls the SCKx line. The master determines when the slave (Processor 2, Figure 15-5) is to broadcast data by the software protocol. In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as soon as the SSPxBUF register is written to. If the SPI is only going to receive, the SDOx output could be disabled (programmed as an input). The SSPxSR register will continue to shift in the signal present on the SDIx pin at the programmed clock rate. As each byte is received, it will be loaded into the SSPxBUF register as if a normal received byte (interrupts and Status bits appropriately set). The clock polarity is selected by appropriately programming the CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register and the CKE bit of the SSPxSTAT register. This then, would give waveforms for SPI communication as shown in Figure 15-6, Figure 15-8 and Figure 15-9, where the MSB is transmitted first. In Master mode, the SPI clock rate (bit rate) is user programmable to be one of the following: * * * * * FOSC/4 (or TCY) FOSC/16 (or 4 * TCY) FOSC/64 (or 16 * TCY) Timer2 output/2 FOSC/(4 * (SSPxADD + 1)) Figure 15-6 shows the waveforms for Master mode. When the CKE bit is set, the SDOx data is valid before there is a clock edge on SCKx. The change of the input sample is shown based on the state of the SMP bit. The time when the SSPxBUF is loaded with the received data is shown. FIGURE 15-6: Write to SSPxBUF SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 0) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 0) SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 1) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 1) SDOx (CKE = 0) SDOx (CKE = 1) SDIx (SMP = 0) Input Sample (SMP = 0) SDIx (SMP = 1) Input Sample (SMP = 1) SSPxIF SSPxSR to SSPxBUF SPI MODE WAVEFORM (MASTER MODE) 4 Clock Modes bit 7 bit 7 bit 6 bit 6 bit 5 bit 5 bit 4 bit 4 bit 3 bit 3 bit 2 bit 2 bit 1 bit 1 bit 0 bit 0 bit 7 bit 0 bit 7 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 213 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.2.4 SPI SLAVE MODE 15.2.5 In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as external clock pulses appear on SCKx. When the last bit is latched, the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set. Before enabling the module in SPI Slave mode, the clock line must match the proper Idle state. The clock line can be observed by reading the SCKx pin. The Idle state is determined by the CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register. While in Slave mode, the external clock is supplied by the external clock source on the SCKx pin. This external clock must meet the minimum high and low times as specified in the electrical specifications. While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive data. The shift register is clocked from the SCKx pin input and when a byte is received, the device will generate an interrupt. If enabled, the device will wake-up from Sleep. 15.2.4.1 Daisy-Chain Configuration SLAVE SELECT SYNCHRONIZATION The Slave Select can also be used to synchronize communication. The Slave Select line is held high until the master device is ready to communicate. When the Slave Select line is pulled low, the slave knows that a new transmission is starting. If the slave fails to receive the communication properly, it will be reset at the end of the transmission, when the Slave Select line returns to a high state. The slave is then ready to receive a new transmission when the Slave Select line is pulled low again. If the Slave Select line is not used, there is a risk that the slave will eventually become out of sync with the master. If the slave misses a bit, it will always be one bit off in future transmissions. Use of the Slave Select line allows the slave and master to align themselves at the beginning of each transmission. The SSx pin allows a Synchronous Slave mode. The SPI must be in Slave mode with SSx pin control enabled (SSPxCON1<3:0> = 0100). When the SSx pin is low, transmission and reception are enabled and the SDOx pin is driven. When the SSx pin goes high, the SDOx pin is no longer driven, even if in the middle of a transmitted byte and becomes a floating output. External pull-up/pull-down resistors may be desirable depending on the application. Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SSx pin control enabled (SSPxCON1<3:0> = 0100), the SPI module will reset if the SSx pin is set to VDD. 2: When the SPI is used in Slave mode with CKE set; the user must enable SSx pin control. 3: While operated in SPI Slave mode the SMP bit of the SSPxSTAT register must remain clear. When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is forced to `0'. This can be done by either forcing the SSx pin to a high level or clearing the SSPxEN bit. The SPI bus can sometimes be connected in a daisychain configuration. The first slave output is connected to the second slave input, the second slave output is connected to the third slave input, and so on. The final slave output is connected to the master input. Each slave sends out, during a second group of clock pulses, an exact copy of what was received during the first group of clock pulses. The whole chain acts as one large communication shift register. The daisychain feature only requires a single Slave Select line from the master device. Figure 15-7 shows the block diagram of a typical daisy-chain connection when operating in SPI Mode. In a daisy-chain configuration, only the most recent byte on the bus is required by the slave. Setting the BOEN bit of the SSPxCON3 register will enable writes to the SSPxBUF register, even if the previous byte has not been read. This allows the software to ignore data that may not apply to it. DS41412B-page 214 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 15-7: SPI DAISY-CHAIN CONNECTION SCLK SDOx SDIx General I/O SCLK SDIx SDOx SSx SCLK SDIx SDOx SSx SCLK SDIx SDOx SSx SPI Slave #3 SPI Slave #2 SPI Slave #1 SPI Master FIGURE 15-8: SSx SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 0) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 0) Write to SSPxBUF SSPxBUF to SSPxSR SLAVE SELECT SYNCHRONOUS WAVEFORM Shift register SSPxSR and bit count are reset SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 7 bit 6 bit 0 SDIx bit 7 Input Sample SSPxIF Interrupt Flag SSPxSR to SSPxBUF bit 7 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 215 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 15-9: SSx Optional SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 0) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 0) Write to SSPxBUF Valid SDOx SDIx bit 7 Input Sample SSPxIF Interrupt Flag SSPxSR to SSPxBUF Write Collision detection active bit 0 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0) FIGURE 15-10: SSx Not Optional SCKx (CKP = 0 CKE = 1) SCKx (CKP = 1 CKE = 1) Write to SSPxBUF Valid SDOx SDIx SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1) bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 bit 7 Input Sample bit 0 SSPxIF Interrupt Flag SSPxSR to SSPxBUF Write Collision detection active DS41412B-page 216 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.2.6 SPI OPERATION IN SLEEP MODE In SPI Master mode, module clocks may be operating at a different speed than when in Full-Power mode; in the case of the Sleep mode, all clocks are halted. Special care must be taken by the user when the MSSPx clock is much faster than the system clock. In Slave mode, when MSSPx interrupts are enabled, after the master completes sending data, an MSSPx interrupt will wake the controller from Sleep. If an exit from Sleep mode is not desired, MSSPx interrupts should be disabled. In SPI Master mode, when the Sleep mode is selected, all module clocks are halted and the transmission/ reception will remain in that state until the device wakes. After the device returns to Run mode, the module will resume transmitting and receiving data. In SPI Slave mode, the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register operates asynchronously to the device. This allows the device to be placed in Sleep mode and data to be shifted into the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register. When all 8 bits have been received, the MSSPx interrupt flag bit will be set and if enabled, will wake the device. TABLE 15-1: Name ANSELA ANSELB ANSELC ANSELD INTCON IPR1 IPR3 PIE1 PIE3 PIR1 PIR3 PMD1 SSP1BUF SSP1CON1 SSP1CON3 SSP1STAT SSP2BUF SSP2CON1 SSP2CON3 SSP2STAT TRISA TRISB TRISC TRISD Legend: Note 1: 2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION Bit 7 -- -- ANSC7 ANSD7 GIE/GIEH -- SSP2IP -- SSP2IE -- SSP2IF Bit 6 -- -- ANSC6 ANSD6 PEIE/GIEL ADIP BCL2IP ADIE BCL2IE ADIF BCL2IF Bit 5 ANSA5 ANSB5 ANSC5 ANSD5 TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP RC1IE RC2IE RC1IF RC2IF -- SSPEN SCIE D/A SSPEN SCIE D/A TRISA5 TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 Bit 4 -- ANSB4 ANSC4 ANSD4(2) INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP TX1IE TX2IE TX1IF TX2IF CCP5MD CKP BOEN P CKP BOEN P TRISA4 TRISB4 TRISC4 SDAHT S TRISA3 TRISB3(1) TRISC3 SDAHT S Bit 3 ANSA3 ANSB3(1) ANSC3 ANSD3(2) RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF CTMUIF CCP4MD Bit 2 ANSA2 ANSB2(1) ANSC2 ANSD2 TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR5GIP CCP1IE TMR5GIE CCP1IF TMR5GIF CCP3MD Bit 1 ANSA1 ANSB1(1) -- ANSD1(2) INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3GIP TMR2IE TMR3GIE TMR2IF TMR3GIF CCP2MD Bit 0 ANSA0 ANSB0(1) -- ANSD0(2) RBIF TMR1IP TMR1GIP TMR1IE TMR1GIE TMR1IF TMR1GIF CCP1MD Register on Page 152 153 153 153 115 127 129 123 125 118 120 57 -- MSSP2MD MSSP1MD WCOL ACKTIM SMP WCOL ACKTIM SMP TRISA7 TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 SSPOV PCIE CKE SSPOV PCIE CKE TRISA6 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 SSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register SSPM<3:0> SBCDE R/W AHEN UA DHEN BF 256 259 255 -- SSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register SSPM<3:0> SBCDE R/W TRISA2 TRISB2(1) TRISC2 TRISD2 AHEN UA TRISA1 TRISB1(1) TRISC1 DHEN BF TRISA0 TRISB0(1) TRISC0 256 259 255 154 154 154 154 TRISD4(2) TRISD3(2) TRISD1(2) TRISD0(2) Shaded bits are not used by the MSSPx in SPI mode. PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices. PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 217 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.3 I2C MODE OVERVIEW FIGURE 15-11: The Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus (I2C) is a multi-master serial data communication bus. Devices communicate in a master/slave environment where the master devices initiate the communication. A slave device is controlled through addressing. The I2C bus specifies two signal connections: * Serial Clock (SCLx) * Serial Data (SDAx) Figure 15-11 shows the block diagram of the MSSPx module when operating in I2C mode. Both the SCLx and SDAx connections are bidirectional open-drain lines, each requiring pull-up resistors for the supply voltage. Pulling the line to ground is considered a logical zero and letting the line float is considered a logical one. Figure 15-11 shows a typical connection between two processors configured as master and slave devices. The I2C bus can operate with one or more master devices and one or more slave devices. There are four potential modes of operation for a given device: * Master Transmit mode (master is transmitting data to a slave) * Master Receive mode (master is receiving data from a slave) * Slave Transmit mode (slave is transmitting data to a master) * Slave Receive mode (slave is receiving data from the master) To begin communication, a master device starts out in Master Transmit mode. The master device sends out a Start bit followed by the address byte of the slave it intends to communicate with. This is followed by a single Read/Write bit, which determines whether the master intends to transmit to or receive data from the slave device. If the requested slave exists on the bus, it will respond with an Acknowledge bit, otherwise known as an ACK. The master then continues in either Transmit mode or Receive mode and the slave continues in the complement, either in Receive mode or Transmit mode, respectively. A Start bit is indicated by a high-to-low transition of the SDAx line while the SCLx line is held high. Address and data bytes are sent out, Most Significant bit (MSb) first. The Read/Write bit is sent out as a logical one when the master intends to read data from the slave, and is sent out as a logical zero when it intends to write data to the slave. Master SDIx I2CTM MASTER/ SLAVE CONNECTION VDD SCLK VDD SCLK Slave SDOx The Acknowledge bit (ACK) is an active-low signal, which holds the SDAx line low to indicate to the transmitter that the slave device has received the transmitted data and is ready to receive more. The transition of data bits is always performed while the SCLx line is held low. Transitions that occur while the SCLx line is held high are used to indicate Start and Stop bits. If the master intends to write to the slave, then it repeatedly sends out a byte of data, with the slave responding after each byte with an ACK bit. In this example, the master device is in Master Transmit mode and the slave is in Slave Receive mode. If the master intends to read from the slave, then it repeatedly receives a byte of data from the slave, and responds after each byte with an ACK bit. In this example, the master device is in Master Receive mode and the slave is Slave Transmit mode. On the last byte of data communicated, the master device may end the transmission by sending a Stop bit. If the master device is in Receive mode, it sends the Stop bit in place of the last ACK bit. A Stop bit is indicated by a low-to-high transition of the SDAx line while the SCLx line is held high. In some cases, the master may want to maintain control of the bus and re-initiate another transmission. If so, the master device may send another Start bit in place of the Stop bit or last ACK bit when it is in receive mode. The I2C bus specifies three message protocols; * Single message where a master writes data to a slave. * Single message where a master reads data from a slave. * Combined message where a master initiates a minimum of two writes, or two reads, or a combination of writes and reads, to one or more slaves. DS41412B-page 218 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 When one device is transmitting a logical one, or letting the line float, and a second device is transmitting a logical zero, or holding the line low, the first device can detect that the line is not a logical one. This detection, when used on the SCLx line, is called clock stretching. Clock stretching give slave devices a mechanism to control the flow of data. When this detection is used on the SDAx line, it is called arbitration. Arbitration ensures that there is only one master device communicating at any single time. 15.3.2 ARBITRATION Each master device must monitor the bus for Start and Stop bits. If the device detects that the bus is busy, it cannot begin a new message until the bus returns to an Idle state. However, two master devices may try to initiate a transmission on or about the same time. When this occurs, the process of arbitration begins. Each transmitter checks the level of the SDAx data line and compares it to the level that it expects to find. The first transmitter to observe that the two levels don't match, loses arbitration, and must stop transmitting on the SDAx line. For example, if one transmitter holds the SDAx line to a logical one (lets it float) and a second transmitter holds it to a logical zero (pulls it low), the result is that the SDAx line will be low. The first transmitter then observes that the level of the line is different than expected and concludes that another transmitter is communicating. The first transmitter to notice this difference is the one that loses arbitration and must stop driving the SDAx line. If this transmitter is also a master device, it also must stop driving the SCLx line. It then can monitor the lines for a Stop condition before trying to reissue its transmission. In the meantime, the other device that has not noticed any difference between the expected and actual levels on the SDAx line continues with its original transmission. It can do so without any complications, because so far, the transmission appears exactly as expected with no other transmitter disturbing the message. Slave Transmit mode can also be arbitrated, when a master addresses multiple slaves, but this is less common. If two master devices are sending a message to two different slave devices at the address stage, the master sending the lower slave address always wins arbitration. When two master devices send messages to the same slave address, and addresses can sometimes refer to multiple slaves, the arbitration process must continue into the data stage. Arbitration usually occurs very rarely, but it is a necessary process for proper multi-master support. 15.3.1 CLOCK STRETCHING When a slave device has not completed processing data, it can delay the transfer of more data through the process of clock stretching. An addressed slave device may hold the SCLx clock line low after receiving or sending a bit, indicating that it is not yet ready to continue. The master that is communicating with the slave will attempt to raise the SCLx line in order to transfer the next bit, but will detect that the clock line has not yet been released. Because the SCLx connection is open-drain, the slave has the ability to hold that line low until it is ready to continue communicating. Clock stretching allows receivers that cannot keep up with a transmitter to control the flow of incoming data. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 219 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.4 I2C MODE OPERATION TABLE 15-2: TERM Transmitter I2CTM BUS TERMS Description All MSSPx I2C communication is byte oriented and shifted out MSb first. Six SFR registers and 2 interrupt flags interface the module with the PIC(R) microcontroller and user software. Two pins, SDAx and SCLx, are exercised by the module to communicate with other external I2C devices. 15.4.1 BYTE FORMAT All communication in I2C is done in 9-bit segments. A byte is sent from a master to a slave or vice-versa, followed by an Acknowledge bit sent back. After the 8th falling edge of the SCLx line, the device outputting data on the SDAx changes that pin to an input and reads in an acknowledge value on the next clock pulse. The clock signal, SCLx, is provided by the master. Data is valid to change while the SCLx signal is low, and sampled on the rising edge of the clock. Changes on the SDAx line while the SCLx line is high define special conditions on the bus, explained below. 15.4.2 DEFINITION OF I2C TERMINOLOGY There is language and terminology in the description of I2C communication that have definitions specific to I2C. That word usage is defined below and may be used in the rest of this document without explanation. This table was adapted from the Phillips I2C specification. 15.4.3 SDAx AND SCLx PINS Selection of any I2C mode with the SSPxEN bit set, forces the SCLx and SDAx pins to be open-drain. These pins should be set by the user to inputs by setting the appropriate TRIS bits. Note: Data is tied to output zero when an I2C mode is enabled. 15.4.4 SDAx HOLD TIME The hold time of the SDAx pin is selected by the SDAHT bit of the SSPxCON3 register. Hold time is the time SDAx is held valid after the falling edge of SCLx. Setting the SDAHT bit selects a longer 300 ns minimum hold time and may help on buses with large capacitance. The device which shifts data out onto the bus. Receiver The device which shifts data in from the bus. Master The device that initiates a transfer, generates clock signals and terminates a transfer. Slave The device addressed by the master. Multi-master A bus with more than one device that can initiate data transfers. Arbitration Procedure to ensure that only one master at a time controls the bus. Winning arbitration ensures that the message is not corrupted. Synchronization Procedure to synchronize the clocks of two or more devices on the bus. Idle No master is controlling the bus, and both SDAx and SCLx lines are high. Active Any time one or more master devices are controlling the bus. Slave device that has received a Addressed Slave matching address and is actively being clocked by a master. Matching Address byte that is clocked into a Address slave that matches the value stored in SSPxADD. Write Request Slave receives a matching address with R/W bit clear, and is ready to clock in data. Read Request Master sends an address byte with the R/W bit set, indicating that it wishes to clock data out of the Slave. This data is the next and all following bytes until a Restart or Stop. Clock Stretching When a device on the bus holds SCLx low to stall communication. Bus Collision Any time the SDAx line is sampled low by the module while it is outputting and expected high state. DS41412B-page 220 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.4.5 START CONDITION 15.4.7 RESTART CONDITION The I2C specification defines a Start condition as a transition of SDAx from a high-to -low state while SCLx line is high. A Start condition is always generated by the master and signifies the transition of the bus from an Idle to an active state. Figure 15-10 shows wave forms for Start and Stop conditions. A bus collision can occur on a Start condition if the module samples the SDAx line low before asserting it low. This does not conform to the I2C specification that states no bus collision can occur on a Start. 15.4.6 STOP CONDITION A Restart is valid any time that a Stop would be valid. A master can issue a Restart if it wishes to hold the bus after terminating the current transfer. A Restart has the same effect on the slave that a Start would, resetting all slave logic and preparing it to clock in an address. The master may want to address the same or another slave. In 10-bit Addressing Slave mode a Restart is required for the master to clock data out of the addressed slave. Once a slave has been fully addressed, matching both high and low address bytes, the master can issue a Restart and the high address byte with the R/W bit set. The slave logic will then hold the clock and prepare to clock out data. After a full match with R/W clear in 10-bit mode, a prior match flag is set and maintained. Until a Stop condition, a high address with R/W clear, or high address match fails. 15.4.8 START/STOP CONDITION INTERRUPT MASKING A Stop condition is a transition of the SDAx line from a low-to-high state while the SCLx line is high. Note: At least one SCLx low time must appear before a Stop is valid, therefore, if the SDAx line goes low then high again while the SCLx line stays high, only the Start condition is detected. The SCIE and PCIE bits of the SSPxCON3 register can enable the generation of an interrupt in Slave modes that do not typically support this function. Slave modes where interrupt on Start and Stop detect are already enabled, these bits will have no effect. FIGURE 15-12: I2CTM START AND STOP CONDITIONS SDAx SCLx S Change of Start Condition Data Allowed Change of Data Allowed Stop Condition P FIGURE 15-13: I2CTM RESTART CONDITION Sr Change of Data Allowed Restart Condition Change of Data Allowed 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 221 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.4.9 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE 15.5 I2C SLAVE MODE OPERATION The 9th SCLx pulse for any transferred byte in I2C is dedicated as an Acknowledge. It allows receiving devices to respond back to the transmitter by pulling the SDAx line low. The transmitter must release control of the line during this time to shift in the response. The Acknowledge (ACK) is an active-low signal, pulling the SDAx line low indicated to the transmitter that the device has received the transmitted data and is ready to receive more. The result of an ACK is placed in the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPxCON2 register. Slave software, when the AHEN and DHEN bits are set, allow the user to set the ACK value sent back to the transmitter. The ACKDT bit of the SSPxCON2 register is set/cleared to determine the response. Slave hardware will generate an ACK response if the AHEN and DHEN bits of the SSPxCON3 register are clear. There are certain conditions where an ACK will not be sent by the slave. If the BF bit of the SSPxSTAT register or the SSPxOV bit of the SSPxCON1 register are set when a byte is received. When the module is addressed, after the 8th falling edge of SCLx on the bus, the ACKTIM bit of the SSPxCON3 register is set. The ACKTIM bit indicates the acknowledge time of the active bus. The ACKTIM Status bit is only active when the AHEN bit or DHEN bit is enabled. The MSSPx Slave mode operates in one of four modes selected in the SSPxM bits of SSPxCON1 register. The modes can be divided into 7-bit and 10-bit Addressing mode. 10-bit Addressing modes operate the same as 7-bit with some additional overhead for handling the larger addresses. Modes with Start and Stop bit interrupts operated the same as the other modes with SSPxIF additionally getting set upon detection of a Start, Restart, or Stop condition. 15.5.1 SLAVE MODE ADDRESSES The SSPxADD register (Register 15-6) contains the Slave mode address. The first byte received after a Start or Restart condition is compared against the value stored in this register. If the byte matches, the value is loaded into the SSPxBUF register and an interrupt is generated. If the value does not match, the module goes Idle and no indication is given to the software that anything happened. The SSPx Mask register (Register 15-5) affects the address matching process. See Section 15.5.9 "SSPx Mask Register" for more information. 15.5.1.1 I2C Slave 7-bit Addressing Mode In 7-bit Addressing mode, the LSb of the received data byte is ignored when determining if there is an address match. 15.5.1.2 I2C Slave 10-bit Addressing Mode In 10-bit Addressing mode, the first received byte is compared to the binary value of `1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 0'. A9 and A8 are the two MSb of the 10-bit address and stored in bits 2 and 1 of the SSPxADD register. After the acknowledge of the high byte the UA bit is set and SCLx is held low until the user updates SSPxADD with the low address. The low address byte is clocked in and all 8 bits are compared to the low address value in SSPxADD. Even if there is not an address match; SSPxIF and UA are set, and SCLx is held low until SSPxADD is updated to receive a high byte again. When SSPxADD is updated the UA bit is cleared. This ensures the module is ready to receive the high address byte on the next communication. A high and low address match as a write request is required at the start of all 10-bit addressing communication. A transmission can be initiated by issuing a Restart once the slave is addressed, and clocking in the high address with the R/W bit set. The slave hardware will then acknowledge the read request and prepare to clock out data. This is only valid for a slave after it has received a complete high and low address byte match. DS41412B-page 222 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.5.2 SLAVE RECEPTION 15.5.2.2 7-bit Reception with AHEN and DHEN When the R/W bit of a matching received address byte is clear, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT register is cleared. The received address is loaded into the SSPxBUF register and acknowledged. When the overflow condition exists for a received address, then not Acknowledge is given. An overflow condition is defined as either bit BF of the SSPxSTAT register is set, or bit SSPxOV of the SSPxCON1 register is set. The BOEN bit of the SSPxCON3 register modifies this operation. For more information see Register 15-4. An MSSPx interrupt is generated for each transferred data byte. Flag bit, SSPxIF, must be cleared by software. When the SEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register is set, SCLx will be held low (clock stretch) following each received byte. The clock must be released by setting the CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register, except sometimes in 10-bit mode. See Section 15.2.3 "SPI Master Mode" for more detail. 15.5.2.1 7-bit Addressing Reception Slave device reception with AHEN and DHEN set operate the same as without these options with extra interrupts and clock stretching added after the 8th falling edge of SCLx. These additional interrupts allow the slave software to decide whether it wants to ACK the receive address or data byte, rather than the hardware. This functionality adds support for PMBusTM that was not present on previous versions of this module. This list describes the steps that need to be taken by slave software to use these options for I2C communication. Figure 15-15 displays a module using both address and data holding. Figure 15-16 includes the operation with the SEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register set. S bit of SSPxSTAT is set; SSPxIF is set if interrupt on Start detect is enabled. 2. Matching address with R/W bit clear is clocked in. SSPxIF is set and CKP cleared after the 8th falling edge of SCLx. 3. Slave clears the SSPxIF. 4. Slave can look at the ACKTIM bit of the SSPxCON3 register to determine if the SSPxIF was after or before the ACK. 5. Slave reads the address value from SSPxBUF, clearing the BF flag. 6. Slave sets ACK value clocked out to the master by setting ACKDT. 7. Slave releases the clock by setting CKP. 8. SSPxIF is set after an ACK, not after a NACK. 9. If SEN = 1 the slave hardware will stretch the clock after the ACK. 10. Slave clears SSPxIF. Note: SSPxIF is still set after the 9th falling edge of SCLx even if there is no clock stretching and BF has been cleared. Only if NACK is sent to master is SSPxIF not set. 11. SSPxIF set and CKP cleared after 8th falling edge of SCLx for a received data byte. 12. Slave looks at ACKTIM bit of SSPxCON3 to determine the source of the interrupt. 13. Slave reads the received data from SSPxBUF clearing BF. 14. Steps 7-14 are the same for each received data byte. 15. Communication is ended by either the slave sending an ACK = 1, or the master sending a Stop condition. If a Stop is sent and Interrupt on Stop detect is disabled, the slave will only know by polling the P bit of the SSTSTAT register. 1. This section describes a standard sequence of events for the MSSPx module configured as an I2C slave in 7-bit Addressing mode. All decisions made by hardware or software and their effect on reception. Figure 15-13 and Figure 15-14 is used as a visual reference for this description. This is a step by step process of what typically must be done to accomplish I2C communication. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Start bit detected. S bit of SSPxSTAT is set; SSPxIF is set if interrupt on Start detect is enabled. Matching address with R/W bit clear is received. The slave pulls SDAx low sending an ACK to the master, and sets SSPxIF bit. Software clears the SSPxIF bit. Software reads received address from SSPxBUF clearing the BF flag. If SEN = 1; Slave software sets CKP bit to release the SCLx line. The master clocks out a data byte. Slave drives SDAx low sending an ACK to the master, and sets SSPxIF bit. Software clears SSPxIF. Software reads the received byte from SSPxBUF clearing BF. Steps 8-12 are repeated for all received bytes from the master. Master sends Stop condition, setting P bit of SSPxSTAT, and the bus goes Idle. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 223 FIGURE 15-14: DS41412B-page 224 Bus Master sends Stop condition From Slave to Master Receiving Address A5 ACK A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 Receiving Data Receiving Data D0 ACK = 1 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P Cleared by software Cleared by software SSPxIF set on 9th falling edge of SCLx SSPxBUF is read First byte of data is available in SSPxBUF SSPxOV set because SSPxBUF is still full. ACK is not sent. SDAx A7 A6 SCLx PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 S 1 2 I2C SLAVE, 7-BIT ADDRESS, RECEPTION (SEN = 0, AHEN = 0, DHEN = 0) Preliminary SSPxIF BF SSPxOV 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-15: Bus Master sends Stop condition 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Receive Data A2 A1 R/W=0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Receive Data D1 D0 ACK A4 A3 4 1 Clock is held low until CKP is set to `1' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9 SEN 1 2 3 SEN 4 5 6 7 8 9 P Cleared by software Cleared by software falling edge of SCLx Receive Address SDAx A7 A6 A5 SCLx S 1 2 3 SSPxIF SSPxIF set on 9th I2C SLAVE, 7-BIT ADDRESS, RECEPTION (SEN = 1, AHEN = 0, DHEN = 0) Preliminary SSPxBUF is read CKP is written to `1' in software, releasing SCLx BF First byte of data is available in SSPxBUF SSPxOV SSPxOV set because SSPxBUF is still full. ACK is not sent. CKP CKP is written to 1 in software, releasing SCLx PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 SCLx is not held low because ACK= 1 DS41412B-page 225 FIGURE 15-16: Master Releases SDAx to slave for ACK sequence Receiving Data ACK ACK=1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Received Data Master sends Stop condition DS41412B-page 226 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 P If AHEN = 1: SSPxIF is set SSPxIF is set on 9th falling edge of SCLx, after ACK Cleared by software Data is read from SSPxBUF No interrupt after not ACK from Slave Address is read from SSBUF Slave software clears ACKDT to ACK the received byte Slave software sets ACKDT to not ACK When DHEN=1: CKP is cleared by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx CKP set by software, SCLx is released ACKTIM cleared by hardware in 9th rising edge of SCLx ACKTIM set by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx SDAx Receiving Address A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 SCLx S 1 2 SSPxIF PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BF ACKDT I2C SLAVE, 7-BIT ADDRESS, RECEPTION (SEN = 0, AHEN = 1, DHEN = 1) Preliminary CKP When AHEN=1: CKP is cleared by hardware and SCLx is stretched ACKTIM ACKTIM set by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx S 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. P FIGURE 15-17: Master sends Stop condition Receive Data ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK R/W = 0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Receive Data Master releases SDAx to slave for ACK sequence 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 5 67 8 9 1 23 4 5 67 8 9 1 34 5 67 8 2 9 P Cleared by software No interrupt after if not ACK from Slave SSPxBUF can be read any time before next byte is loaded Received data is available on SSPxBUF Slave sends not ACK CKP is not cleared if not ACK Set by software, release SCLx When DHEN = 1; on the 8th falling edge of SCLx of a received data byte, CKP is cleared ACKTIM is cleared by hardware on 9th rising edge of SCLx SDAx Receiving Address A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 SCLx S 1 23 4 SSPxIF BF Received address is loaded into SSPxBUF I2C SLAVE, 7-BIT ADDRESS, RECEPTION (SEN = 1, AHEN = 1, DHEN = 1) Preliminary ACKDT Slave software clears ACKDT to ACK the received byte CKP When AHEN = 1; on the 8th falling edge of SCLx of an address byte, CKP is cleared ACKTIM ACKTIM is set by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx S PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 227 P PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.5.3 SLAVE TRANSMISSION 15.5.3.2 7-bit Transmission When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT register is set. The received address is loaded into the SSPxBUF register, and an ACK pulse is sent by the slave on the ninth bit. Following the ACK, slave hardware clears the CKP bit and the SCLx pin is held low (see Section 15.5.6 "Clock Stretching" for more detail). By stretching the clock, the master will be unable to assert another clock pulse until the slave is done preparing the transmit data. The transmit data must be loaded into the SSPxBUF register which also loads the SSPxSR register. Then the SCLx pin should be released by setting the CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register. The eight data bits are shifted out on the falling edge of the SCLx input. This ensures that the SDAx signal is valid during the SCLx high time. The ACK pulse from the master-receiver is latched on the rising edge of the ninth SCLx input pulse. This ACK value is copied to the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPxCON2 register. If ACKSTAT is set (not ACK), then the data transfer is complete. In this case, when the not ACK is latched by the slave, the slave goes Idle and waits for another occurrence of the Start bit. If the SDAx line was low (ACK), the next transmit data must be loaded into the SSPxBUF register. Again, the SCLx pin must be released by setting bit CKP. An MSSPx interrupt is generated for each data transfer byte. The SSPxIF bit must be cleared by software and the SSPxSTAT register is used to determine the status of the byte. The SSPxIF bit is set on the falling edge of the ninth clock pulse. A master device can transmit a read request to a slave, and then clock data out of the slave. The list below outlines what software for a slave will need to do to accomplish a standard transmission. Figure 15-17 can be used as a reference to this list. Master sends a Start condition on SDAx and SCLx. 2. S bit of SSPxSTAT is set; SSPxIF is set if interrupt on Start detect is enabled. 3. Matching address with R/W bit set is received by the slave setting SSPxIF bit. 4. Slave hardware generates an ACK and sets SSPxIF. 5. SSPxIF bit is cleared by user. 6. Software reads the received address from SSPxBUF, clearing BF. 7. R/W is set so CKP was automatically cleared after the ACK. 8. The slave software loads the transmit data into SSPxBUF. 9. CKP bit is set releasing SCLx, allowing the master to clock the data out of the slave. 10. SSPxIF is set after the ACK response from the master is loaded into the ACKSTAT register. 11. SSPxIF bit is cleared. 12. The slave software checks the ACKSTAT bit to see if the master wants to clock out more data. Note 1: If the master ACKs the clock will be stretched. 2: ACKSTAT is the only bit updated on the rising edge of SCLx (9th) rather than the falling. 13. Steps 9-13 are repeated for each transmitted byte. 14. If the master sends a not ACK; the clock is not held, but SSPxIF is still set. 15. The master sends a Restart condition or a Stop. 16. The slave is no longer addressed. 1. 15.5.3.1 Slave Mode Bus Collision A slave receives a Read request and begins shifting data out on the SDAx line. If a bus collision is detected and the SBCDE bit of the SSPxCON3 register is set, the BCLxIF bit of the PIRx register is set. Once a bus collision is detected, the slave goes Idle and waits to be addressed again. User software can use the BCLxIF bit to handle a slave bus collision. DS41412B-page 228 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-18: Master sends Stop condition Receiving Address D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Transmitting Data Automatic Transmitting Data ACK SDAx 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 R/W = 1 Automatic ACK SCLx 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. P Cleared by software Received address is read from SSPxBUF Data to transmit is loaded into SSPxBUF BF is automatically cleared after 8th falling edge of SCLx When R/W is set SCLx is always held low after 9th SCLx falling edge Set by software CKP is not held for not ACK Masters not ACK is copied to ACKSTAT R/W is copied from the matching address byte Indicates an address has been received S 1 SSPxIF BF CKP I2C SLAVE, 7-BIT ADDRESS, TRANSMISSION (AHEN = 0) Preliminary ACKSTAT R/W D/A S PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 229 P PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.5.3.3 7-bit Transmission with Address Hold Enabled Setting the AHEN bit of the SSPxCON3 register enables additional clock stretching and interrupt generation after the 8th falling edge of a received matching address. Once a matching address has been clocked in, CKP is cleared and the SSPxIF interrupt is set. Figure 15-18 displays a standard waveform of a 7-bit Address Slave Transmission with AHEN enabled. Bus starts Idle. Master sends Start condition; the S bit of SSPxSTAT is set; SSPxIF is set if interrupt on Start detect is enabled. 3. Master sends matching address with R/W bit set. After the 8th falling edge of the SCLx line the CKP bit is cleared and SSPxIF interrupt is generated. 4. Slave software clears SSPxIF. 5. Slave software reads ACKTIM bit of SSPxCON3 register, and R/W and D/A of the SSPxSTAT register to determine the source of the interrupt. 6. Slave reads the address value from the SSPxBUF register clearing the BF bit. 7. Slave software decides from this information if it wishes to ACK or not ACK and sets ACKDT bit of the SSPxCON2 register accordingly. 8. Slave sets the CKP bit releasing SCLx. 9. Master clocks in the ACK value from the slave. 10. Slave hardware automatically clears the CKP bit and sets SSPxIF after the ACK if the R/W bit is set. 11. Slave software clears SSPxIF. 12. Slave loads value to transmit to the master into SSPxBUF setting the BF bit. Note: SSPxBUF cannot be loaded until after the ACK. 13. Slave sets CKP bit releasing the clock. 14. Master clocks out the data from the slave and sends an ACK value on the 9th SCLx pulse. 15. Slave hardware copies the ACK value into the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPxCON2 register. 16. Steps 10-15 are repeated for each byte transmitted to the master from the slave. 17. If the master sends a not ACK the slave releases the bus allowing the master to send a Stop and end the communication. Note: Master must send a not ACK on the last byte to ensure that the slave releases the SCLx line to receive a Stop. 1. 2. DS41412B-page 230 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-19: Master sends Stop condition Master releases SDAx to slave for ACK sequence R/W = 1 ACK 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 8 9 Automatic Transmitting Data ACK Receiving Address SDAx 3 4 5 6 7 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 Transmitting Data Automatic D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. P Cleared by software Received address is read from SSPxBUF Data to transmit is loaded into SSPxBUF BF is automatically cleared after 8th falling edge of SCLx Slave clears ACKDT to ACK address Master's ACK response is copied to SSPxSTAT CKP not cleared When R/W = 1; CKP is always cleared after ACK Set by software, releases SCLx after not ACK ACKTIM is cleared on 9th rising edge of SCLx SCLx S 1 2 SSPxIF BF I2C SLAVE, 7-BIT ADDRESS, TRANSMISSION (AHEN = 1) Preliminary ACKDT ACKSTAT CKP When AHEN = 1; CKP is cleared by hardware after receiving matching address. ACKTIM ACKTIM is set on 8th falling edge of SCLx R/W PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 231 D/A PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.5.4 SLAVE MODE 10-BIT ADDRESS RECEPTION 15.5.5 10-BIT ADDRESSING WITH ADDRESS OR DATA HOLD This section describes a standard sequence of events for the MSSPx module configured as an I2C slave in 10-bit Addressing mode. Figure 15-19 and is used as a visual reference for this description. This is a step by step process of what must be done by slave software to accomplish I2C communication. 1. 2. Bus starts Idle. Master sends Start condition; S bit of SSPxSTAT is set; SSPxIF is set if interrupt on Start detect is enabled. Master sends matching high address with R/W bit clear; UA bit of the SSPxSTAT register is set. Slave sends ACK and SSPxIF is set. Software clears the SSPxIF bit. Software reads received address from SSPxBUF clearing the BF flag. Slave loads low address into SSPxADD, releasing SCLx. Master sends matching low address byte to the slave; UA bit is set. Note: Updates to the SSPxADD register are not allowed until after the ACK sequence. 9. Slave sends ACK and SSPxIF is set. Note: If the low address does not match, SSPxIF and UA are still set so that the slave software can set SSPxADD back to the high address. BF is not set because there is no match. CKP is unaffected. 10. Slave clears SSPxIF. 11. Slave reads the received matching address from SSPxBUF clearing BF. 12. Slave loads high address into SSPxADD. 13. Master clocks a data byte to the slave and clocks out the slaves ACK on the 9th SCLx pulse; SSPxIF is set. 14. If SEN bit of SSPxCON2 is set, CKP is cleared by hardware and the clock is stretched. 15. Slave clears SSPxIF. 16. Slave reads the received byte from SSPxBUF clearing BF. 17. If SEN is set the slave sets CKP to release the SCLx. 18. Steps 13-17 repeat for each received byte. 19. Master sends Stop to end the transmission. Reception using 10-bit addressing with AHEN or DHEN set is the same as with 7-bit modes. The only difference is the need to update the SSPxADD register using the UA bit. All functionality, specifically when the CKP bit is cleared and SCLx line is held low are the same. Figure 15-20 can be used as a reference of a slave in 10-bit addressing with AHEN set. Figure 15-21 shows a standard waveform for a slave transmitter in 10-bit Addressing mode. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. DS41412B-page 232 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-20: Master sends Stop condition 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Receive Second Address Byte Receive Data D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK ACK A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 ACK Receive Data D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK 0 A9 A8 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P SCLx is held low while CKP = 0 Cleared by software Receive address is read from SSPxBUF Data is read from SSPxBUF Software updates SSPxADD and releases SCLx Set by software, When SEN = 1; releasing SCLx CKP is cleared after 9th falling edge of received byte Receive First Address Byte SDAx 1 1 1 1 SCLx S 1 2 3 4 SSPxIF Set by hardware on 9th falling edge I2C SLAVE, 10-BIT ADDRESS, RECEPTION (SEN = 1, AHEN = 0, DHEN = 0) Preliminary BF If address matches SSPxADD it is loaded into SSPxBUF UA When UA = 1; SCLx is held low CKP PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 233 FIGURE 15-21: Receive First Address Byte R/W = 0 A8 ACK ACK A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK D7 Receive Second Address Byte Receive Data Receive Data D6 D5 DS41412B-page 234 1 0 A9 4 UA UA 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 Set by hardware on 9th falling edge Cleared by software Cleared by software SSPxBUF can be read anytime before the next received byte Received data is read from SSPxBUF Update to SSPxADD is not allowed until 9th falling edge of SCLx Update of SSPxADD, clears UA and releases SCLx Set CKP with software releases SCLx SDAx 1 1 1 SCLx S 1 2 3 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 SSPxIF BF I2C SLAVE, 10-BIT ADDRESS, RECEPTION (SEN = 0, AHEN = 1, DHEN = 0) Preliminary ACKDT Slave software clears ACKDT to ACK the received byte UA CKP If when AHEN = 1; on the 8th falling edge of SCLx of an address byte, CKP is cleared ACKTIM 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. ACKTIM is set by hardware on 8th falling edge of SCLx FIGURE 15-22: Master sends Stop condition 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Master sends Restart event Receiving Second Address Byte Receive First Address Byte A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 ACK Transmitting Data Byte ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Master sends not ACK ACK = 1 SDAx Receiving Address R/W = 0 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 ACK 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 SCLx 5 1 2 Sr 3 4 5 6 78 9 23 4 5 6 78 9 6 1 1 7 8 9 S 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P SSPxIF Cleared by software Set by hardware Set by hardware BF Received address is read from SSPxBUF High address is loaded back into SSPxADD Data to transmit is loaded into SSPxBUF I2C SLAVE, 10-BIT ADDRESS, TRANSMISSION (SEN = 0, AHEN = 0, DHEN = 0) Preliminary After SSPxADD is updated, UA is cleared and SCLx is released When R/W = 1; CKP is cleared on 9th falling edge of SCLx R/W is copied from the matching address byte SSPxBUF loaded with received address UA UA indicates SSPxADD must be updated CKP ACKSTAT Set by software releases SCLx Masters not ACK is copied R/W D/A PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 235 Indicates an address has been received PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.5.6 CLOCK STRETCHING 15.5.6.2 10-bit Addressing Mode Clock stretching occurs when a device on the bus holds the SCLx line low effectively pausing communication. The slave may stretch the clock to allow more time to handle data or prepare a response for the master device. A master device is not concerned with stretching as anytime it is active on the bus and not transferring data it is stretching. Any stretching done by a slave is invisible to the master software and handled by the hardware that generates SCLx. The CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register is used to control stretching in software. Any time the CKP bit is cleared, the module will wait for the SCLx line to go low and then hold it. Setting CKP will release SCLx and allow more communication. 15.5.6.1 Normal Clock Stretching In 10-bit Addressing mode, when the UA bit is set, the clock is always stretched. This is the only time the SCLx is stretched without CKP being cleared. SCLx is released immediately after a write to SSPxADD. Note: Previous versions of the module did not stretch the clock if the second address byte did not match. 15.5.6.3 Byte NACKing When the AHEN bit of SSPxCON3 is set; CKP is cleared by hardware after the 8th falling edge of SCLx for a received matching address byte. When the DHEN bit of SSPxCON3 is set; CKP is cleared after the 8th falling edge of SCLx for received data. Stretching after the 8th falling edge of SCLx allows the slave to look at the received address or data and decide if it wants to ACK the received data. 15.5.7 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION AND THE CKP BIT Following an ACK if the R/W bit of SSPxSTAT is set, a read request, the slave hardware will clear CKP. This allows the slave time to update SSPxBUF with data to transfer to the master. If the SEN bit of SSPxCON2 is set, the slave hardware will always stretch the clock after the ACK sequence. Once the slave is ready; CKP is set by software and communication resumes. Note 1: The BF bit has no effect on whether the clock will be stretched or not. This is different than previous versions of the module that would not stretch the clock, clear CKP, if SSPxBUF was read before the 9th falling edge of SCLx. 2: Previous versions of the module did not stretch the clock for a transmission if SSPxBUF was loaded before the 9th falling edge of SCLx. It is now always cleared for read requests. Any time the CKP bit is cleared, the module will wait for the SCLx line to go low and then hold it. However, clearing the CKP bit will not assert the SCLx output low until the SCLx output is already sampled low. Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the SCLx line until an external I2C master device has already asserted the SCLx line. The SCLx output will remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other devices on the I2C bus have released SCLx. This ensures that a write to the CKP bit will not violate the minimum high time requirement for SCLx (see Figure 15-22). FIGURE 15-23: CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 SDAx DX DX - 1 SCLx CKP Master device asserts clock Master device releases clock WR SSPxCON1 DS41412B-page 236 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.5.8 GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SUPPORT The addressing procedure for the I2C bus is such that the first byte after the Start condition usually determines which device will be the slave addressed by the master device. The exception is the general call address which can address all devices. When this address is used, all devices should, in theory, respond with an acknowledge. The general call address is a reserved address in the I2C protocol, defined as address 0x00. When the GCEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register is set, the slave module will automatically ACK the reception of this address regardless of the value stored in SSPxADD. After the slave clocks in an address of all zeros with the R/W bit clear, an interrupt is generated and slave software can read SSPxBUF and respond. Figure 15-23 shows a general call reception sequence. In 10-bit Address mode, the UA bit will not be set on the reception of the general call address. The slave will prepare to receive the second byte as data, just as it would in 7-bit mode. If the AHEN bit of the SSPxCON3 register is set, just as with any other address reception, the slave hardware will stretch the clock after the 8th falling edge of SCLx. The slave must then set its ACKDT value and release the clock with communication progressing as it would normally. FIGURE 15-24: SLAVE MODE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SEQUENCE Address is compared to General Call Address after ACK, set interrupt R/W = 0 ACK D7 Receiving Data D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK SDAx SCLx S SSPxIF BF (SSPxSTAT<0>) General Call Address 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cleared by software GCEN (SSPxCON2<7>) SSPxBUF is read '1' 15.5.9 SSPx MASK REGISTER An SSPx Mask (SSPxMSK) register (Register 15-5) is available in I2C Slave mode as a mask for the value held in the SSPxSR register during an address comparison operation. A zero (`0') bit in the SSPxMSK register has the effect of making the corresponding bit of the received address a "don't care". This register is reset to all `1's upon any Reset condition and, therefore, has no effect on standard SSPx operation until written with a mask value. The SSPx Mask register is active during: * 7-bit Address mode: address compare of A<7:1>. * 10-bit Address mode: address compare of A<7:0> only. The SSPx mask has no effect during the reception of the first (high) byte of the address. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 237 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6 I2C MASTER MODE 15.6.1 I2C MASTER MODE OPERATION Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the appropriate SSPxM bits in the SSPxCON1 register and by setting the SSPxEN bit. In Master mode, the SCLx and SDAx lines are set as inputs and are manipulated by the MSSPx hardware. Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt generation on the detection of the Start and Stop conditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the MSSPx module is disabled. Control of the I 2C bus may be taken when the P bit is set, or the bus is Idle. In Firmware Controlled Master mode, user code conducts all I 2C bus operations based on Start and Stop bit condition detection. Start and Stop condition detection is the only active circuitry in this mode. All other communication is done by the user software directly manipulating the SDAx and SCLx lines. The following events will cause the SSPx Interrupt Flag bit, SSPxIF, to be set (SSPx interrupt, if enabled): * * * * * Start condition detected Stop condition detected Data transfer byte transmitted/received Acknowledge transmitted/received Repeated Start generated Note 1: The MSSPx module, when configured in I2C Master mode, does not allow queueing of events. For instance, the user is not allowed to initiate a Start condition and immediately write the SSPxBUF register to initiate transmission before the Start condition is complete. In this case, the SSPxBUF will not be written to and the WCOL bit will be set, indicating that a write to the SSPxBUF did not occur 2: When in Master mode, Start/Stop detection is masked and an interrupt is generated when the SEN/PEN bit is cleared and the generation is complete. The master device generates all of the serial clock pulses and the Start and Stop conditions. A transfer is ended with a Stop condition or with a Repeated Start condition. Since the Repeated Start condition is also the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C bus will not be released. In Master Transmitter mode, serial data is output through SDAx, while SCLx outputs the serial clock. The first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the receiving device (7 bits) and the Read/Write (R/W) bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be logic `0'. Serial data is transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmitted, an Acknowledge bit is received. Start and Stop conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the end of a serial transfer. In Master Receive mode, the first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the transmitting device (7 bits) and the R/W bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be logic `1'. Thus, the first byte transmitted is a 7-bit slave address followed by a `1' to indicate the receive bit. Serial data is received via SDAx, while SCLx outputs the serial clock. Serial data is received 8 bits at a time. After each byte is received, an Acknowledge bit is transmitted. Start and Stop conditions indicate the beginning and end of transmission. A Baud Rate Generator is used to set the clock frequency output on SCLx. See Section 15.7 "Baud Rate Generator" for more detail. DS41412B-page 238 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.2 CLOCK ARBITRATION Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition, releases the SCLx pin (SCLx allowed to float high). When the SCLx pin is allowed to float high, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting until the SCLx pin is actually sampled high. When the SCLx pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<7:0> and begins counting. This ensures that the SCLx high time will always be at least one BRG rollover count in the event that the clock is held low by an external device (Figure 15-25). FIGURE 15-25: SDAx BAUD RATE GENERATOR TIMING WITH CLOCK ARBITRATION DX SCLx deasserted but slave holds SCLx low (clock arbitration) DX - 1 SCLx allowed to transition high SCLx BRG decrements on Q2 and Q4 cycles BRG Value 03h 02h 01h 00h (hold off) 03h 02h SCLx is sampled high, reload takes place and BRG starts its count BRG Reload 15.6.3 WCOL STATUS FLAG If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Start, Restart, Stop, Receive or Transmit sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write does not occur). Any time the WCOL bit is set it indicates that an action on SSPxBUF was attempted while the module was not Idle. Note: Because queueing of events is not allowed, writing to the lower 5 bits of SSPxCON2 is disabled until the Start condition is complete. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 239 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.4 I2C MASTER MODE START CONDITION TIMING To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start Enable bit, SEN, of the SSPxCON2 register. If the SDAx and SCLx pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<7:0> and starts its count. If SCLx and SDAx are both sampled high when the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the SDAx pin is driven low. The action of the SDAx being driven low while SCLx is high is the Start condition and causes the S bit of the SSPxSTAT1 register to be set. Following this, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<7:0> and resumes its count. When the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the SEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register will be automatically cleared by hardware; the Baud Rate Generator is suspended, leaving the SDAx line held low and the Start condition is complete. Note 1: If at the beginning of the Start condition, the SDAx and SCLx pins are already sampled low, or if during the Start condition, the SCLx line is sampled low before the SDAx line is driven low, a bus collision occurs, the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLxIF, is set, the Start condition is aborted and the I2C module is reset into its Idle state. 2: The Philips I2C Specification states that a bus collision cannot occur on a Start. FIGURE 15-26: FIRST START BIT TIMING Write to SEN bit occurs here SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1 TBRG SDAx TBRG Set S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>) At completion of Start bit, hardware clears SEN bit and sets SSPxIF bit Write to SSPxBUF occurs here 1st bit TBRG SCLx S TBRG 2nd bit DS41412B-page 240 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.5 I2C MASTER MODE REPEATED START CONDITION TIMING A Repeated Start condition occurs when the RSEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register is programmed high and the master state machine is no longer active. When the RSEN bit is set, the SCLx pin is asserted low. When the SCLx pin is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded and begins counting. The SDAx pin is released (brought high) for one Baud Rate Generator count (TBRG). When the Baud Rate Generator times out, if SDAx is sampled high, the SCLx pin will be deasserted (brought high). When SCLx is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded and begins counting. SDAx and SCLx must be sampled high for one TBRG. This action is then followed by assertion of the SDAx pin (SDAx = 0) for one TBRG while SCLx is high. SCLx is asserted low. Following this, the RSEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register will be automatically cleared and the Baud Rate Generator will not be reloaded, leaving the SDAx pin held low. As soon as a Start condition is detected on the SDAx and SCLx pins, the S bit of the SSPxSTAT register will be set. The SSPxIF bit will not be set until the Baud Rate Generator has timed out. Note 1: If RSEN is programmed while any other event is in progress, it will not take effect. 2: A bus collision during the Repeated Start condition occurs if: * SDAx is sampled low when SCLx goes from low-to-high. * SCLx goes low before SDAx is asserted low. This may indicate that another master is attempting to transmit a data `1'. FIGURE 15-27: REPEAT START CONDITION WAVEFORM Write to SSPxCON2 occurs here SDAx = 1, SCLx (no change) TBRG SDAx S bit set by hardware SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1 TBRG TBRG 1st bit At completion of Start bit, hardware clears RSEN bit and sets SSPxIF Write to SSPxBUF occurs here TBRG SCLx Sr Repeated Start TBRG 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 241 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.6 I2C MASTER MODE TRANSMISSION 15.6.6.3 ACKSTAT Status Flag Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address or the other half of a 10-bit address is accomplished by simply writing a value to the SSPxBUF register. This action will set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF, and allow the Baud Rate Generator to begin counting and start the next transmission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted out onto the SDAx pin after the falling edge of SCLx is asserted. SCLx is held low for one Baud Rate Generator rollover count (TBRG). Data should be valid before SCLx is released high. When the SCLx pin is released high, it is held that way for TBRG. The data on the SDAx pin must remain stable for that duration and some hold time after the next falling edge of SCLx. After the eighth bit is shifted out (the falling edge of the eighth clock), the BF flag is cleared and the master releases SDAx. This allows the slave device being addressed to respond with an ACK bit during the ninth bit time if an address match occurred, or if data was received properly. The status of ACK is written into the ACKSTAT bit on the rising edge of the ninth clock. If the master receives an Acknowledge, the Acknowledge Status bit, ACKSTAT, is cleared. If not, the bit is set. After the ninth clock, the SSPxIF bit is set and the master clock (Baud Rate Generator) is suspended until the next data byte is loaded into the SSPxBUF, leaving SCLx low and SDAx unchanged (Figure 15-27). After the write to the SSPxBUF, each bit of the address will be shifted out on the falling edge of SCLx until all seven address bits and the R/W bit are completed. On the falling edge of the eighth clock, the master will release the SDAx pin, allowing the slave to respond with an Acknowledge. On the falling edge of the ninth clock, the master will sample the SDAx pin to see if the address was recognized by a slave. The status of the ACK bit is loaded into the ACKSTAT Status bit of the SSPxCON2 register. Following the falling edge of the ninth clock transmission of the address, the SSPxIF is set, the BF flag is cleared and the Baud Rate Generator is turned off until another write to the SSPxBUF takes place, holding SCLx low and allowing SDAx to float. In Transmit mode, the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPxCON2 register is cleared when the slave has sent an Acknowledge (ACK = 0) and is set when the slave does not Acknowledge (ACK = 1). A slave sends an Acknowledge when it has recognized its address (including a general call), or when the slave has properly received its data. 15.6.6.4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Typical Transmit Sequence: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 15.6.6.1 BF Status Flag The user generates a Start condition by setting the SEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register. SSPxIF is set by hardware on completion of the Start. SSPxIF is cleared by software. The MSSPx module will wait the required start time before any other operation takes place. The user loads the SSPxBUF with the slave address to transmit. Address is shifted out the SDAx pin until all 8 bits are transmitted. Transmission begins as soon as SSPxBUF is written to. The MSSPx module shifts in the ACK bit from the slave device and writes its value into the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPxCON2 register. The MSSPx module generates an interrupt at the end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPxIF bit. The user loads the SSPxBUF with eight bits of data. Data is shifted out the SDAx pin until all 8 bits are transmitted. The MSSPx module shifts in the ACK bit from the slave device and writes its value into the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPxCON2 register. Steps 8-11 are repeated for all transmitted data bytes. The user generates a Stop or Restart condition by setting the PEN or RSEN bits of the SSPxCON2 register. Interrupt is generated once the Stop/Restart condition is complete. In Transmit mode, the BF bit of the SSPxSTAT register is set when the CPU writes to SSPxBUF and is cleared when all 8 bits are shifted out. 15.6.6.2 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a transmit is already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting out a data byte), the WCOL is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write does not occur). WCOL must be cleared by software before the next transmission. DS41412B-page 242 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-28: Write SSPxCON2<0> SEN = 1 Start condition begins From slave, clear ACKSTAT bit SSPxCON2<6> R/W = 0 ACKSTAT in SSPxCON2 = 1 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. SEN = 0 Transmit Address to Slave SDAx A7 SSPxBUF written with 7-bit address and R/W start transmit SCLx S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 SCLx held low while CPU responds to SSPxIF 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK = 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Transmitting Data or Second Half of 10-bit Address D1 D0 ACK SSPxIF Cleared by software Cleared by software service routine from SSPx interrupt Cleared by software BF (SSPxSTAT<0>) SSPxBUF written SEN After Start condition, SEN cleared by hardware SSPxBUF is written by software PEN R/W I2C MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (TRANSMISSION, 7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS) Preliminary PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 243 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.7 I2C MASTER MODE RECEPTION 15.6.7.4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Typical Receive Sequence: Master mode reception is enabled by programming the Receive Enable bit, RCEN, of the SSPxCON2 register. Note: The MSSPx module must be in an Idle state before the RCEN bit is set or the RCEN bit will be disregarded. The user generates a Start condition by setting the SEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register. SSPxIF is set by hardware on completion of the Start. SSPxIF is cleared by software. User writes SSPxBUF with the slave address to transmit and the R/W bit set. Address is shifted out the SDAx pin until all 8 bits are transmitted. Transmission begins as soon as SSPxBUF is written to. The MSSPx module shifts in the ACK bit from the slave device and writes its value into the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPxCON2 register. The MSSPx module generates an interrupt at the end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPxIF bit. User sets the RCEN bit of the SSPxCON2 register and the Master clocks in a byte from the slave. After the 8th falling edge of SCLx, SSPxIF and BF are set. Master clears SSPxIF and reads the received byte from SSPxUF, clears BF. Master sets ACK value sent to slave in ACKDT bit of the SSPxCON2 register and initiates the ACK by setting the ACKEN bit. Masters ACK is clocked out to the slave and SSPxIF is set. User clears SSPxIF. Steps 8-13 are repeated for each received byte from the slave. Master sends a not ACK or Stop to end communication. The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each rollover, the state of the SCLx pin changes (high-to-low/ low-to-high) and data is shifted into the SSPxSR. After the falling edge of the eighth clock, the receive enable flag is automatically cleared, the contents of the SSPxSR are loaded into the SSPxBUF, the BF flag bit is set, the SSPxIF flag bit is set and the Baud Rate Generator is suspended from counting, holding SCLx low. The MSSPx is now in Idle state awaiting the next command. When the buffer is read by the CPU, the BF flag bit is automatically cleared. The user can then send an Acknowledge bit at the end of reception by setting the Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN, of the SSPxCON2 register. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 15.6.7.1 BF Status Flag In receive operation, the BF bit is set when an address or data byte is loaded into SSPxBUF from SSPxSR. It is cleared when the SSPxBUF register is read. 15.6.7.2 SSPxOV Status Flag 12. 13. 14. 15. In receive operation, the SSPxOV bit is set when 8 bits are received into the SSPxSR and the BF flag bit is already set from a previous reception. 15.6.7.3 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a receive is already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting in a data byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write does not occur). DS41412B-page 244 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-29: Write to SSPxCON2<0>(SEN = 1), begin Start condition Master configured as a receiver by programming SSPxCON2<3> (RCEN = 1) RCEN cleared automatically Receiving Data from Slave ACK Receiving Data from Slave RCEN = 1, start next receive RCEN cleared automatically ACK ACK from Master SDAx = ACKDT = 0 Set ACKEN, start Acknowledge sequence SDAx = ACKDT = 1 PEN bit = 1 written here Write to SSPxCON2<4> to start Acknowledge sequence SDAx = ACKDT (SSPxCON2<5>) = 0 SEN = 0 Write to SSPxBUF occurs here, ACK from Slave start XMIT R/W = 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK ACK is not sent Bus master terminates transfer Transmit Address to Slave SDAx A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 SCLx Set SSPxIF interrupt at end of receive S 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 9 6 9 7 7 8 9 Set SSPxIF at end of receive P Set SSPxIF interrupt at end of Acknowledge sequence Data shifted in on falling edge of CLK SSPxIF Cleared by software Cleared by software Set SSPxIF interrupt at end of Acknowledge sequence Cleared by software Cleared in software I2CTM MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS) Preliminary Master configured as a receiver by programming SSPxCON2<3> (RCEN = 1) RCEN cleared automatically ACK from Master SDAx = ACKDT = 0 SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1 while CPU responds to SSPxIF Cleared by software Set P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) and SSPxIF BF (SSPxSTAT<0>) Last bit is shifted into SSPxSR and contents are unloaded into SSPxBUF SSPxOV SSPxOV is set because SSPxBUF is still full ACKEN RCEN PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DS41412B-page 245 RCEN cleared automatically PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.8 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE TIMING 15.6.9 STOP CONDITION TIMING An Acknowledge sequence is enabled by setting the Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN, of the SSPxCON2 register. When this bit is set, the SCLx pin is pulled low and the contents of the Acknowledge data bit are presented on the SDAx pin. If the user wishes to generate an Acknowledge, then the ACKDT bit should be cleared. If not, the user should set the ACKDT bit before starting an Acknowledge sequence. The Baud Rate Generator then counts for one rollover period (TBRG) and the SCLx pin is deasserted (pulled high). When the SCLx pin is sampled high (clock arbitration), the Baud Rate Generator counts for TBRG. The SCLx pin is then pulled low. Following this, the ACKEN bit is automatically cleared, the Baud Rate Generator is turned off and the MSSPx module then goes into Idle mode (Figure 15-29). A Stop bit is asserted on the SDAx pin at the end of a receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable bit, PEN, of the SSPxCON2 register. At the end of a receive/transmit, the SCLx line is held low after the falling edge of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set, the master will assert the SDAx line low. When the SDAx line is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded and counts down to `0'. When the Baud Rate Generator times out, the SCLx pin will be brought high and one TBRG (Baud Rate Generator rollover count) later, the SDAx pin will be deasserted. When the SDAx pin is sampled high while SCLx is high, the P bit of the SSPxSTAT register is set. A TBRG later, the PEN bit is cleared and the SSPxIF bit is set (Figure 15-30). 15.6.9.1 WCOL Status Flag 15.6.8.1 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPxBUF when an Acknowledge sequence is in progress, then WCOL is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write does not occur). If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Stop sequence is in progress, then the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write does not occur). FIGURE 15-30: ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE WAVEFORM Acknowledge sequence starts here, write to SSPxCON2 ACKEN = 1, ACKDT = 0 TBRG SDAx SCLx D0 8 ACK TBRG ACKEN automatically cleared 9 SSPxIF SSPxIF set at the end of receive Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period. Cleared in software SSPxIF set at the end of Acknowledge sequence Cleared in software DS41412B-page 246 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 15-31: STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE SCLx = 1 for TBRG, followed by SDAx = 1 for TBRG after SDAx sampled high. P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set. PEN bit (SSPxCON2<2>) is cleared by hardware and the SSPxIF bit is set TBRG Write to SSPxCON2, set PEN Falling edge of 9th clock SCLx SDAx ACK P TBRG TBRG TBRG SCLx brought high after TBRG SDAx asserted low before rising edge of clock to setup Stop condition Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period. 15.6.10 SLEEP OPERATION the I2C slave 15.6.12 MULTI-MASTER MODE While in Sleep mode, module can receive addresses or data and when an address match or complete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor from Sleep (if the MSSPx interrupt is enabled). 15.6.11 EFFECTS OF A RESET A Reset disables the MSSPx module and terminates the current transfer. In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the detection of the Start and Stop conditions allows the determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the MSSPx module is disabled. Control of the I 2C bus may be taken when the P bit of the SSPxSTAT register is set, or the bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. When the bus is busy, enabling the SSPx interrupt will generate the interrupt when the Stop condition occurs. In multi-master operation, the SDAx line must be monitored for arbitration to see if the signal level is the expected output level. This check is performed by hardware with the result placed in the BCLxIF bit. The states where arbitration can be lost are: * * * * * Address Transfer Data Transfer A Start Condition A Repeated Start Condition An Acknowledge Condition 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 247 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.13 MULTI -MASTER COMMUNICATION, BUS COLLISION AND BUS ARBITRATION If a Start, Repeated Start, Stop or Acknowledge condition was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the condition is aborted, the SDAx and SCLx lines are deasserted and the respective control bits in the SSPxCON2 register are cleared. When the user services the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C bus is free, the user can resume communication by asserting a Start condition. The master will continue to monitor the SDAx and SCLx pins. If a Stop condition occurs, the SSPxIF bit will be set. A write to the SSPxBUF will start the transmission of data at the first data bit, regardless of where the transmitter left off when the bus collision occurred. In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the detection of Start and Stop conditions allows the determination of when the bus is free. Control of the I2C bus can be taken when the P bit is set in the SSPxSTAT register, or the bus is Idle and the S and P bits are cleared. Multi-Master mode support is achieved by bus arbitration. When the master outputs address/data bits onto the SDAx pin, arbitration takes place when the master outputs a `1' on SDAx, by letting SDAx float high and another master asserts a `0'. When the SCLx pin floats high, data should be stable. If the expected data on SDAx is a `1' and the data sampled on the SDAx pin is `0', then a bus collision has taken place. The master will set the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLxIF, and reset the I2C port to its Idle state (Figure 15-31). If a transmit was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the transmission is halted, the BF flag is cleared, the SDAx and SCLx lines are deasserted and the SSPxBUF can be written to. When the user services the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C bus is free, the user can resume communication by asserting a Start condition. FIGURE 15-32: BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE Data changes while SCLx = 0 SDAx line pulled low by another source SDAx released by master Sample SDAx. While SCLx is high, data does not match what is driven by the master. Bus collision has occurred. SDAx SCLx Set bus collision interrupt (BCLxIF) BCLxIF DS41412B-page 248 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.13.1 Bus Collision During a Start Condition During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if: a) b) SDAx or SCLx are sampled low at the beginning of the Start condition (Figure 15-32). SCLx is sampled low before SDAx is asserted low (Figure 15-33). If the SDAx pin is sampled low during this count, the BRG is reset and the SDAx line is asserted early (Figure 15-34). If, however, a `1' is sampled on the SDAx pin, the SDAx pin is asserted low at the end of the BRG count. The Baud Rate Generator is then reloaded and counts down to zero; if the SCLx pin is sampled as `0' during this time, a bus collision does not occur. At the end of the BRG count, the SCLx pin is asserted low. Note: The reason that bus collision is not a factor during a Start condition is that no two bus masters can assert a Start condition at the exact same time. Therefore, one master will always assert SDAx before the other. This condition does not cause a bus collision because the two masters must be allowed to arbitrate the first address following the Start condition. If the address is the same, arbitration must be allowed to continue into the data portion, Repeated Start or Stop conditions. During a Start condition, both the SDAx and the SCLx pins are monitored. If the SDAx pin is already low, or the SCLx pin is already low, then all of the following occur: * the Start condition is aborted, * the BCLxIF flag is set and * the MSSPx module is reset to its Idle state (Figure 15-32). The Start condition begins with the SDAx and SCLx pins deasserted. When the SDAx pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded and counts down. If the SCLx pin is sampled low while SDAx is high, a bus collision occurs because it is assumed that another master is attempting to drive a data `1' during the Start condition. FIGURE 15-33: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SDAx ONLY) SDAx goes low before the SEN bit is set. Set BCLxIF, S bit and SSPxIF set because SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1. SDAx SCLx Set SEN, enable Start condition if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1 SEN SDAx sampled low before Start condition. Set BCLxIF. S bit and SSPxIF set because SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1. SSPxIF and BCLxIF are cleared by software S SEN cleared automatically because of bus collision. SSPx module reset into Idle state. BCLxIF SSPxIF SSPxIF and BCLxIF are cleared by software 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 249 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 15-34: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCLx = 0) SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1 TBRG TBRG SDAx Set SEN, enable Start sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1 SCLx = 0 before SDAx = 0, bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF. SCLx = 0 before BRG time-out, bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF. BCLxIF Interrupt cleared by software S SSPxIF SCLx SEN '0' '0' '0' '0' FIGURE 15-35: BRG RESET DUE TO SDA ARBITRATION DURING START CONDITION SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1 Set S Less than TBRG Set SSPxIF TBRG SDAx SDAx pulled low by other master. Reset BRG and assert SDAx. S SCLx pulled low after BRG time-out Set SEN, enable Start sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1 SCLx SEN BCLxIF '0' S SSPxIF SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1, set SSPxIF Interrupts cleared by software DS41412B-page 250 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.13.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition During a Repeated Start condition, a bus collision occurs if: a) b) A low level is sampled on SDAx when SCLx goes from low level to high level. SCLx goes low before SDAx is asserted low, indicating that another master is attempting to transmit a data `1'. If SDAx is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another master is attempting to transmit a data `0', Figure 15-35). If SDAx is sampled high, the BRG is reloaded and begins counting. If SDAx goes from high-to-low before the BRG times out, no bus collision occurs because no two masters can assert SDAx at exactly the same time. If SCLx goes from high-to-low before the BRG times out and SDAx has not already been asserted, a bus collision occurs. In this case, another master is attempting to transmit a data `1' during the Repeated Start condition, see Figure 15-36. If, at the end of the BRG time-out, both SCLx and SDAx are still high, the SDAx pin is driven low and the BRG is reloaded and begins counting. At the end of the count, regardless of the status of the SCLx pin, the SCLx pin is driven low and the Repeated Start condition is complete. When the user releases SDAx and the pin is allowed to float high, the BRG is loaded with SSPxADD and counts down to zero. The SCLx pin is then deasserted and when sampled high, the SDAx pin is sampled. FIGURE 15-36: SDAx BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 1) SCLx Sample SDAx when SCLx goes high. If SDAx = 0, set BCLxIF and release SDAx and SCLx. RSEN BCLxIF Cleared by software S SSPxIF '0' '0' FIGURE 15-37: BUS COLLISION DURING REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 2) TBRG TBRG SDAx SCLx SCLx goes low before SDAx, set BCLxIF. Release SDAx and SCLx. Interrupt cleared by software RSEN S SSPxIF BCLxIF '0' 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 251 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.6.13.3 Bus Collision During a Stop Condition Bus collision occurs during a Stop condition if: a) After the SDAx pin has been deasserted and allowed to float high, SDAx is sampled low after the BRG has timed out. After the SCLx pin is deasserted, SCLx is sampled low before SDAx goes high. The Stop condition begins with SDAx asserted low. When SDAx is sampled low, the SCLx pin is allowed to float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration), the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with SSPxADD and counts down to 0. After the BRG times out, SDAx is sampled. If SDAx is sampled low, a bus collision has occurred. This is due to another master attempting to drive a data `0' (Figure 15-37). If the SCLx pin is sampled low before SDAx is allowed to float high, a bus collision occurs. This is another case of another master attempting to drive a data `0' (Figure 15-38). b) FIGURE 15-38: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 1) TBRG TBRG TBRG SDAx sampled low after TBRG, set BCLxIF SDAx SDAx asserted low SCLx PEN BCLxIF P SSPxIF '0' '0' FIGURE 15-39: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 2) TBRG TBRG TBRG SDAx Assert SDAx SCLx PEN BCLxIF P SSPxIF SCLx goes low before SDAx goes high, set BCLxIF '0' '0' DS41412B-page 252 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 15-3: Name ANSELA ANSELB ANSELC ANSELD INTCON IPR1 IPR2 IPR3 PIE1 PIE2 PIE3 PIR1 PIR2 PIR3 PMD1 SSP1ADD SSP1BUF SSP1CON1 SSP1CON2 SSP1CON3 SSP1MSK SSP1STAT SSP2ADD SSP2BUF SSP2CON1 SSP2CON2 SSP2CON3 SSP2MSK SSP2STAT TRISB TRISC TRISD Legend: Note 1: 2: SMP TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 CKE TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 D/A TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 WCOL GCEN ACKTIM SSPOV ACKSTAT PCIE SMP CKE D/A WCOL GCEN ACKTIM SSPOV ACKSTAT PCIE REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2CTM OPERATION Bit 7 -- -- ANSC7 ANSD7 Bit 6 -- -- ANSC6 ANSD6 PEIE/GIEL ADIP C1IP BCL2IP ADIE C1IE BCL2IE ADIF C1IF BCL2IF MSSP1MD 2C Bit 5 ANSA5 ANSB5 ANSC5 ANSD5 TMR0IE RC1IP C2IP RC2IP RC1IE C2IE RC2IE RC1IF C2IF RC2IF -- Bit 4 -- ANSB4 ANSC4 ANSD4 INT0IE TX1IP EEIP TX2IP TX1IE EEIE TX2IE TX1IF EEIF TX2IF Bit 3 ANSA3 ANSB3 ANSC3 ANSD3 RBIE SSP1IP BCL1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE BCL1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF BCL1IF CTMUIF Bit 2 ANSA2 ANSB2 ANSC2 ANSD2 TMR0IF CCP1IP HLVDIP TMR5GIP CCP1IE HLVDIE TMR5GIE CCP1IF HLVDIF TMR5GIF CCP3MD Bit 1 ANSA1 ANSB1 -- ANSD1(2) INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3IP TMR3GIP TMR2IE TMR3IE TMR3GIE TMR2IF TMR3IF TMR3GIF CCP2MD I2C (1) Bit 0 ANSA0 ANSB0 -- ANSD0(2) RBIF TMR1IP CCP2IP TMR1GIP TMR1IE CCP2IE TMR1GIE TMR1IF CCP2IF TMR1GIF CCP1MD (1) Register on Page 152 153 153 153 115 127 128 129 123 124 125 118 119 120 57 261 -- GIE/GIEH -- OSCFIP SSP2IP -- OSCFIE SSP2IE -- OSCFIF SSP2IF MSSP2MD CCP5MD CCP4MD SSP1 Address Register in I Slave Mode. SSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register in CKP ACKEN BOEN P RCEN SDAHT S SSPM<3:0> PEN SBCDE R/W Master Mode. SSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register SSPEN ACKDT SCIE RSEN AHEN UA SEN DHEN BF 256 258 259 260 255 261 -- SSP1 MASK Register bits SSP2 Address Register in I2C Slave Mode. SSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register in I2C Master Mode. SSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register SSPEN ACKDT SCIE CKP ACKEN BOEN P TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 I2 C RCEN SDAHT S TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 SSPM<3:0> PEN SBCDE R/W TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 RSEN AHEN UA TRISB1(1) TRISC1 TRISD1(2) SEN DHEN BF TRISB0(1) TRISC0 TRISD0(2) 256 258 259 260 255 154 154 154 SSP1 MASK Register bits Shaded bits are not used by the MSSPx in PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices. PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. mode. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 253 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 15.7 BAUD RATE GENERATOR The MSSPx module has a Baud Rate Generator available for clock generation in both I2C and SPI Master modes. The Baud Rate Generator (BRG) reload value is placed in the SSPxADD register (Register 15-6). When a write occurs to SSPxBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will automatically begin counting down. Once the given operation is complete, the internal clock will automatically stop counting and the clock pin will remain in its last state. An internal signal "Reload" in Figure 15-39 triggers the value from SSPxADD to be loaded into the BRG counter. This occurs twice for each oscillation of the module clock line. The logic dictating when the reload signal is asserted depends on the mode the MSSPx is being operated in. Table 15-4 demonstrates clock rates based on instruction cycles and the BRG value loaded into SSPxADD. EQUATION 15-1: FOSC FCLOCK = ------------------------------------------------ SSPxADD + 1 4 FIGURE 15-40: BAUD RATE GENERATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM SSPxM<3:0> SSPxADD<7:0> SSPxM<3:0> SCLx Reload Control SSPxCLK Reload BRG Down Counter FOSC/2 Note: Values of 0x00, 0x01 and 0x02 are not valid for SSPxADD when used as a Baud Rate Generator for I2C. This is an implementation limitation. TABLE 15-4: FOSC MSSPx CLOCK RATE W/BRG FCY 8 MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz 4 MHz 4 MHz 4 MHz 1 MHz BRG Value 13h 19h 4Fh 09h 0Ch 27h 09h FCLOCK (2 Rollovers of BRG) 400 kHz(1) 308 kHz 100 kHz 400 kHz(1) 308 kHz 100 kHz 100 kHz 32 MHz 32 MHz 32 MHz 16 MHz 16 MHz 16 MHz 4 MHz Note 1: The I2C interface does not conform to the 400 kHz I2C specification (which applies to rates greater than 100 kHz) in all details, but may be used with care where higher rates are required by the application. DS41412B-page 254 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 15-1: R/W-0 SMP bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared SMP: SPI Data Input Sample bit SPI Master mode: 1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time 0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time SPI Slave mode: SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode In I2 C Master or Slave mode: 1 = Slew rate control disabled for standard speed mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz) 0 = Slew rate control enabled for high speed mode (400 kHz) bit 6 CKE: SPI Clock Edge Select bit (SPI mode only) In SPI Master or Slave mode: 1 = Transmit occurs on transition from active to Idle clock state 0 = Transmit occurs on transition from Idle to active clock state In I2 C mode only: 1 = Enable input logic so that thresholds are compliant with SMbus specification 0 = Disable SMbus specific inputs bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit (I2C mode only) 1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data 0 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address P: Stop bit (I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSPx module is disabled, SSPxEN is cleared.) 1 = Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last (this bit is `0' on Reset) 0 = Stop bit was not detected last bit 3 S: Start bit (I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSPx module is disabled, SSPxEN is cleared.) 1 = Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last (this bit is `0' on Reset) 0 = Start bit was not detected last bit 2 R/W: Read/Write bit information (I2C mode only) This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the address match to the next Start bit, Stop bit, or not ACK bit. In I2 C Slave mode: 1 = Read 0 = Write In I2 C Master mode: 1 = Transmit is in progress 0 = Transmit is not in progress OR-ing this bit with SEN, RSEN, PEN, RCEN or ACKEN will indicate if the MSSPx is in Idle mode. bit 1 UA: Update Address bit (10-bit I2C mode only) 1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPxADD register 0 = Address does not need to be updated BF: Buffer Full Status bit Receive (SPI and I2 C modes): 1 = Receive complete, SSPxBUF is full 0 = Receive not complete, SSPxBUF is empty Transmit (I2 C mode only): 1 = Data transmit in progress (does not include the ACK and Stop bits), SSPxBUF is full 0 = Data transmit complete (does not include the ACK and Stop bits), SSPxBUF is empty U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets SSPxSTAT: SSPx STATUS REGISTER R/W-0 CKE R-0 D/A R-0 P R-0 S R-0 R/W R-0 UA R-0 BF bit 0 bit 4 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 255 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 15-2: R/C/HS-0 WCOL bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets HS = Bit is set by hardware C = User cleared SSPxCON1: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/W-0 SSPxEN R/W-0 CKP R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/C/HS-0 SSPxOV SSPxM<3:0> bit 0 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit Master mode: 1 = A write to the SSPxBUF register was attempted while the I2C conditions were not valid for a transmission to be started 0 = No collision Slave mode: 1 = The SSPxBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared in software) 0 = No collision SSPxOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit(1) In SPI mode: 1 = A new byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case of overflow, the data in SSPxSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. In Slave mode, the user must read the SSPxBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow. In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by writing to the SSPxBUF register (must be cleared in software). 0 = No overflow In I2 C mode: 1 = A byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous byte. SSPxOV is a "don't care" in Transmit mode (must be cleared in software). 0 = No overflow SSPxEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit In both modes, when enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output In SPI mode: 1 = Enables serial port and configures SCKx, SDOx, SDIx and SSx as the source of the serial port pins(2) 0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins In I2 C mode: 1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDAx and SCLx pins as the source of the serial port pins(3) 0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit In SPI mode: 1 = Idle state for clock is a high level 0 = Idle state for clock is a low level In I2 C Slave mode: SCLx release control 1 = Enable clock 0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch). (Used to ensure data setup time.) In I2 C Master mode: Unused in this mode bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 DS41412B-page 256 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 15-2: bit 3-0 SSPxCON1: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 1 (CONTINUED) SSPxM<3:0>: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits 0000 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/4 0001 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/16 0010 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64 0011 = SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2 0100 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control enabled 0101 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control disabled, SSx can be used as I/O pin 0110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address 0111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address 1000 = I2C Master mode, clock = FOSC / (4 * (SSPxADD+1))(4) 1001 = Reserved 1010 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/(4 * (SSPxADD+1)) 1011 = I2C firmware controlled Master mode (slave idle) 1100 = Reserved 1101 = Reserved 1110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled 1111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by writing to the SSPxBUF register. When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output. When enabled, the SDAx and SCLx pins must be configured as inputs. SSPxADD values of 0, 1 or 2 are not supported for I2C Mode. Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 257 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 15-3: R/W-0 GCEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets HC = Cleared by hardware S = User set SSPxCON2: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 2 R-0 R/W-0 ACKDT R/S/HC-0 ACKEN(1) R/S/HC-0 RCEN(1) R/S/HC-0 PEN(1) R/S/HC-0 RSEN(1) R/W/HC-0 SEN(1) bit 0 ACKSTAT GCEN: General Call Enable bit (in I2C Slave mode only) 1 = Enable interrupt when a general call address (0x00 or 00h) is received in the SSPxSR 0 = General call address disabled ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit (in I2C mode only) 1 = Acknowledge was not received 0 = Acknowledge was received ACKDT: Acknowledge Data bit (in I2C mode only) In Receive mode: Value transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at the end of a receive 1 = Not Acknowledge 0 = Acknowledge ACKEN(1): Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit (in I2C Master mode only) In Master Receive mode: 1 = Initiate Acknowledge sequence on SDAx and SCLx pins, and transmit ACKDT data bit. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Acknowledge sequence idle RCEN(1): Receive Enable bit (in I2C Master mode only) 1 = Enables Receive mode for I2C 0 = Receive idle PEN(1): Stop Condition Enable bit (in I2C Master mode only) SCKx Release Control: 1 = Initiate Stop condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Stop condition Idle RSEN(1): Repeated Start Condition Enabled bit (in I2C Master mode only) 1 = Initiate Repeated Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Repeated Start condition Idle SEN(1): Start Condition Enabled bit (in I2C Master mode only) In Master mode: 1 = Initiate Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Start condition Idle In Slave mode: 1 = Clock stretching is enabled for both slave transmit and slave receive (stretch enabled) 0 = Clock stretching is disabled For bits ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I2C module is not in the Idle mode, this bit may not be set (no spooling) and the SSPxBUF may not be written (or writes to the SSPxBUF are disabled). bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: DS41412B-page 258 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 15-4: R-0 ACKTIM bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared ACKTIM: Acknowledge Time Status bit (I2C mode only)(3) 1 = Indicates the I2C bus is in an Acknowledge sequence, set on 8th falling edge of SCLx clock 0 = Not an Acknowledge sequence, cleared on 9th rising edge of SCLx clock PCIE: Stop Condition Interrupt Enable bit (I2C mode only) 1 = Enable interrupt on detection of Stop condition 0 = Stop detection interrupts are disabled(2) SCIE: Start Condition Interrupt Enable bit (I2C mode only) 1 = Enable interrupt on detection of Start or Restart conditions 0 = Start detection interrupts are disabled(2) BOEN: Buffer Overwrite Enable bit In SPI Slave mode:(1) 1 = SSPxBUF updates every time that a new data byte is shifted in ignoring the BF bit 0 = If new byte is received with BF bit of the SSPxSTAT register already set, SSPxOV bit of the SSPxCON1 register is set, and the buffer is not updated In I2C Master mode: This bit is ignored. In I2C Slave mode: 1 = SSPxBUF is updated and ACK is generated for a received address/data byte, ignoring the state of the SSPxOV bit only if the BF bit = 0. 0 = SSPxBUF is only updated when SSPxOV is clear SDAHT: SDAx Hold Time Selection bit (I2C mode only) 1 = Minimum of 300 ns hold time on SDAx after the falling edge of SCLx 0 = Minimum of 100 ns hold time on SDAx after the falling edge of SCLx SBCDE: Slave Mode Bus Collision Detect Enable bit (I2C Slave mode only) If on the rising edge of SCLx, SDAx is sampled low when the module is outputting a high state, the BCLxIF bit of the PIR2 register is set, and bus goes idle 1 = Enable slave bus collision interrupts 0 = Slave bus collision interrupts are disabled bit 1 AHEN: Address Hold Enable bit (I2C Slave mode only) 1 = Following the 8th falling edge of SCLx for a matching received address byte; CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register will be cleared and the SCLx will be held low. 0 = Address holding is disabled For daisy-chained SPI operation; allows the user to ignore all but the last received byte. SSPxOV is still set when a new byte is received and BF = 1, but hardware continues to write the most recent byte to SSPxBUF. This bit has no effect in Slave modes for which Start and Stop condition detection is explicitly listed as enabled. The ACKTIM Status bit is active only when the AHEN bit or DHEN bit is set. U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets SSPxCON3: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 3 R/W-0 PCIE R/W-0 SCIE R/W-0 BOEN R/W-0 SDAHT R/W-0 SBCDE R/W-0 AHEN R/W-0 DHEN bit 0 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 Note 1: 2: 3: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 259 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 15-4: bit 0 SSPxCON3: SSPx CONTROL REGISTER 3 (CONTINUED) DHEN: Data Hold Enable bit (I2C Slave mode only) 1 = Following the 8th falling edge of SCLx for a received data byte; slave hardware clears the CKP bit of the SSPxCON1 register and SCLx is held low. 0 = Data holding is disabled For daisy-chained SPI operation; allows the user to ignore all but the last received byte. SSPxOV is still set when a new byte is received and BF = 1, but hardware continues to write the most recent byte to SSPxBUF. This bit has no effect in Slave modes for which Start and Stop condition detection is explicitly listed as enabled. The ACKTIM Status bit is active only when the AHEN bit or DHEN bit is set. Note 1: 2: 3: REGISTER 15-5: R/W-1 MSK7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-1 SSPxMSK: SSPx MASK REGISTER R/W-1 MSK6 R/W-1 MSK5 R/W-1 MSK4 R/W-1 MSK3 R/W-1 MSK2 R/W-1 MSK1 R/W-1 MSK0 bit 0 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets MSK<7:1>: Mask bits 1 = The received address bit n is compared to SSPxADD bit 0 DS41412B-page 260 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 15-6: R/W-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set Master mode: bit 7-0 ADD<7:0>: Baud Rate Clock Divider bits SCLx pin clock period = ((ADD<7:0> + 1) *4)/FOSC W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets SSPXADD: MSSPx ADDRESS AND BAUD RATE REGISTER (I2C MODE) R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 ADD<7:0> 10-Bit Slave mode -- Most Significant Address byte: bit 7-3 Not used: Unused for Most Significant Address byte. Bit state of this register is a "don't care". Bit pattern sent by master is fixed by I2C specification and must be equal to `11110'. However, those bits are compared by hardware and are not affected by the value in this register. ADD<2:1>: Two Most Significant bits of 10-bit address Not used: Unused in this mode. Bit state is a "don't care". bit 2-1 bit 0 10-Bit Slave mode -- Least Significant Address byte: bit 7-0 ADD<7:0>: Eight Least Significant bits of 10-bit address 7-Bit Slave mode: bit 7-1 bit 0 ADD<7:1>: 7-bit address Not used: Unused in this mode. Bit state is a "don't care". 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 261 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 262 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.0 ENHANCED UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER TRANSMITTER (EUSART) The EUSART module includes the following capabilities: * * * * * * * * * * Full-duplex asynchronous transmit and receive Two-character input buffer One-character output buffer Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit character length Address detection in 9-bit mode Input buffer overrun error detection Received character framing error detection Half-duplex synchronous master Half-duplex synchronous slave Programmable clock and data polarity The Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module is a serial I/O communications peripheral. It contains all the clock generators, shift registers and data buffers necessary to perform an input or output serial data transfer independent of device program execution. The EUSART, also known as a Serial Communications Interface (SCI), can be configured as a full-duplex asynchronous system or half-duplex synchronous system. Full-Duplex mode is useful for communications with peripheral systems, such as CRT terminals and personal computers. Half-Duplex Synchronous mode is intended for communications with peripheral devices, such as A/D or D/A integrated circuits, serial EEPROMs or other microcontrollers. These devices typically do not have internal clocks for baud rate generation and require the external clock signal provided by a master synchronous device. The EUSART module implements the following additional features, making it ideally suited for use in Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus systems: * Automatic detection and calibration of the baud rate * Wake-up on Break reception * 13-bit Break character transmit Block diagrams of the EUSART transmitter and receiver are shown in Figure 16-1 and Figure 16-2. FIGURE 16-1: EUSART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM Data Bus TXxIE TXxIF LSb Interrupt TXREGx Register 8 MSb (8) TXx/CKx pin Pin Buffer and Control *** Transmit Shift Register (TSR) 0 TXEN Baud Rate Generator BRG16 +1 SPBRGHx SPBRGx Multiplier SYNC BRGH BRG16 TRMT FOSC /n n x4 x16 x64 0 0 0 1X00 X110 X101 TX9D TX9 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 263 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 16-2: EUSART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM CREN OERR RCIDL RXx/DTx pin Pin Buffer and Control Baud Rate Generator BRG16 +1 SPBRGHx SPBRGx Multiplier SYNC BRGH BRG16 x4 x16 x64 0 0 0 FERR 1X00 X110 X101 FOSC Data Recovery MSb Stop (8) 7 RSR Register LSb 0 START *** RX9 1 /n n FIFO RX9D RCREGx Register 8 Data Bus RCxIF RCxIE Interrupt The operation of the EUSART module is controlled through three registers: * Transmit Status and Control (TXSTAx) * Receive Status and Control (RCSTAx) * Baud Rate Control (BAUDCONx) These registers are detailed in Register 16-1, Register 16-2 and Register 16-3, respectively. For all modes of EUSART operation, the TRIS control bits corresponding to the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pins should be set to `1'. The EUSART control will automatically reconfigure the pin from input to output, as needed. When the receiver or transmitter section is not enabled then the corresponding RXx/DTx or TXx/CKx pin may be used for general purpose input and output. DS41412B-page 264 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.1 EUSART Asynchronous Mode 16.1.1.2 Transmitting Data The EUSART transmits and receives data using the standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format. NRZ is implemented with two levels: a VOH mark state which represents a `1' data bit, and a VOL space state which represents a `0' data bit. NRZ refers to the fact that consecutively transmitted data bits of the same value stay at the output level of that bit without returning to a neutral level between each bit transmission. An NRZ transmission port idles in the mark state. Each character transmission consists of one Start bit followed by eight or nine data bits and is always terminated by one or more Stop bits. The Start bit is always a space and the Stop bits are always marks. The most common data format is 8 bits. Each transmitted bit persists for a period of 1/(Baud Rate). An on-chip dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator is used to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the system oscillator. See Table 16-5 for examples of baud rate configurations. The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The EUSART's transmitter and receiver are functionally independent, but share the same data format and baud rate. Parity is not supported by the hardware, but can be implemented in software and stored as the ninth data bit. A transmission is initiated by writing a character to the TXREGx register. If this is the first character, or the previous character has been completely flushed from the TSR, the data in the TXREGx is immediately transferred to the TSR register. If the TSR still contains all or part of a previous character, the new character data is held in the TXREGx until the Stop bit of the previous character has been transmitted. The pending character in the TXREGx is then transferred to the TSR in one TCY immediately following the Stop bit transmission. The transmission of the Start bit, data bits and Stop bit sequence commences immediately following the transfer of the data to the TSR from the TXREGx. 16.1.1.3 Transmit Data Polarity The polarity of the transmit data can be controlled with the CKTXP bit of the BAUDCONx register. The default state of this bit is `0' which selects high true transmit idle and data bits. Setting the CKTXP bit to `1' will invert the transmit data resulting in low true idle and data bits. The CKTXP bit controls transmit data polarity only in Asynchronous mode. In Synchronous mode the CKTXP bit has a different function. 16.1.1 EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMITTER 16.1.1.4 Transmit Interrupt Flag The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in Figure 16-1. The heart of the transmitter is the serial Transmit Shift Register (TSR), which is not directly accessible by software. The TSR obtains its data from the transmit buffer, which is the TXREGx register. 16.1.1.1 Enabling the Transmitter The EUSART transmitter is enabled for asynchronous operations by configuring the following three control bits: * TXEN = 1 * SYNC = 0 * SPEN = 1 All other EUSART control bits are assumed to be in their default state. Setting the TXEN bit of the TXSTAx register enables the transmitter circuitry of the EUSART. Clearing the SYNC bit of the TXSTAx register configures the EUSART for asynchronous operation. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTAx register enables the EUSART and automatically configures the TXx/CKx I/O pin as an output. If the TXx/CKx pin is shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O function must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bit. Note: The TXxIF transmitter interrupt flag is set when the TXEN enable bit is set. The TXxIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1/PIR3 register is set whenever the EUSART transmitter is enabled and no character is being held for transmission in the TXREGx. In other words, the TXxIF bit is only clear when the TSR is busy with a character and a new character has been queued for transmission in the TXREGx. The TXxIF flag bit is not cleared immediately upon writing TXREGx. TXxIF becomes valid in the second instruction cycle following the write execution. Polling TXxIF immediately following the TXREGx write will return invalid results. The TXxIF bit is read-only, it cannot be set or cleared by software. The TXxIF interrupt can be enabled by setting the TXxIE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1/PIE3 register. However, the TXxIF flag bit will be set whenever the TXREGx is empty, regardless of the state of TXxIE enable bit. To use interrupts when transmitting data, set the TXxIE bit only when there is more data to send. Clear the TXxIE interrupt enable bit upon writing the last character of the transmission to the TXREGx. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 265 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.1.1.5 TSR Status 16.1.1.7 1. Asynchronous Transmission Set-up: The TRMT bit of the TXSTAx register indicates the status of the TSR register. This is a read-only bit. The TRMT bit is set when the TSR register is empty and is cleared when a character is transferred to the TSR register from the TXREGx. The TRMT bit remains clear until all bits have been shifted out of the TSR register. No interrupt logic is tied to this bit, so the user needs to poll this bit to determine the TSR status. Note: The TSR register is not mapped in data memory, so it is not available to the user. 2. 3. 4. 16.1.1.6 Transmitting 9-Bit Characters 5. 6. The EUSART supports 9-bit character transmissions. When the TX9 bit of the TXSTAx register is set the EUSART will shift 9 bits out for each character transmitted. The TX9D bit of the TXSTAx register is the ninth, and Most Significant, data bit. When transmitting 9-bit data, the TX9D data bit must be written before writing the 8 Least Significant bits into the TXREGx. All nine bits of data will be transferred to the TSR shift register immediately after the TXREGx is written. A special 9-bit Address mode is available for use with multiple receivers. See Section 16.1.2.8 "Address Detection" for more information on the Address mode. 7. 8. 9. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 "EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)"). Set the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx TRIS controls to `1'. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing the SYNC bit and setting the SPEN bit. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 control bit. A set ninth data bit will indicate that the 8 Least Significant data bits are an address when the receiver is set for address detection. Set the CKTXP control bit if inverted transmit data polarity is desired. Enable the transmission by setting the TXEN control bit. This will cause the TXxIF interrupt bit to be set. If interrupts are desired, set the TXxIE interrupt enable bit. An interrupt will occur immediately provided that the GIE/GIEH and PEIE/GIEL bits of the INTCON register are also set. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit should be loaded into the TX9D data bit. Load 8-bit data into the TXREGx register. This will start the transmission. FIGURE 16-3: Write to TXREGx BRG Output (Shift Clock) TXx/CKx pin TXxIF bit (Transmit Buffer Reg. Empty Flag) ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION Word 1 Start bit 1 TCY bit 0 bit 1 Word 1 bit 7/8 Stop bit TRMT bit (Transmit Shift Reg. Empty Flag) Word 1 Transmit Shift Reg DS41412B-page 266 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 16-4: Write to TXREGx BRG Output (Shift Clock) TXx/CKx pin TXxIF bit (Interrupt Reg. Flag) TRMT bit (Transmit Shift Reg. Empty Flag) 1 TCY 1 TCY Word 1 Transmit Shift Reg Word 2 Transmit Shift Reg Word 1 Word 2 ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (BACK-TO-BACK) Start bit bit 0 bit 1 Word 1 bit 7/8 Stop bit Start bit Word 2 bit 0 Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions. TABLE 16-1: Name REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on Page 274 274 115 127 129 123 125 118 120 56 273 273 -- -- -- -- -- BAUDCON1 BAUDCON2 INTCON IPR1 IPR3 PIE1 PIE3 PIR1 PIR3 PMD0 RCSTA1 RCSTA2 SPBRG1 SPBRGH1 SPBRG2 SPBRGH2 TXREG1 TXSTA1 TXREG2 TXSTA2 Legend: ABDOVF ABDOVF GIE/GIEH -- SSP2IP -- SSP2IE -- SSP2IF SPEN SPEN RCIDL RCIDL PEIE/GIEL ADIP BCL2IP ADIE BCL2IE ADIF BCL2IF RX9 RX9 DTRXP DTRXP TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP RC1IE RC2IE RC1IF RC2IF SREN SREN CKTXP CKTXP INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP TX1IE TX2IE TX1IF TX2IF TMR5MD CREN CREN BRG16 BRG16 RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF CTMUIF TMR4MD ADDEN ADDEN -- -- TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR5GIP CCP1IE TMR5GIE CCP1IF TMR5GIF TMR3MD FERR FERR WUE WUE INT0IF TMR2IP TMR2IE TMR2IF TMR3GIF TMR2MD OERR OERR ABDEN ABDEN RBIF TMR1IP TMR1IE TMR1IF TMR1GIF TMR1MD RX9D RX9D TMR3GIP TMR1GIP TMR3GIE TMR1GIE UART2MD UART1MD TMR6MD EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART1 Transmit Register CSRC CSRC TX9 TX9 TXEN TXEN SYNC SYNC SENDB SENDB BRGH BRGH TRMT TRMT TX9D TX9D EUSART2 Transmit Register -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for asynchronous transmission. 272 -- 272 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 267 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.1.2 EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER 16.1.2.2 Receiving Data The Asynchronous mode would typically be used in RS-232 systems. The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 16-2. The data is received on the RXx/DTx pin and drives the data recovery block. The data recovery block is actually a high-speed shifter operating at 16 times the baud rate, whereas the serial Receive Shift Register (RSR) operates at the bit rate. When all 8 or 9 bits of the character have been shifted in, they are immediately transferred to a two character First-In-First-Out (FIFO) memory. The FIFO buffering allows reception of two complete characters and the start of a third character before software must start servicing the EUSART receiver. The FIFO and RSR registers are not directly accessible by software. Access to the received data is via the RCREGx register. The receiver data recovery circuit initiates character reception on the falling edge of the first bit. The first bit, also known as the Start bit, is always a zero. The data recovery circuit counts one-half bit time to the center of the Start bit and verifies that the bit is still a zero. If it is not a zero then the data recovery circuit aborts character reception, without generating an error, and resumes looking for the falling edge of the Start bit. If the Start bit zero verification succeeds then the data recovery circuit counts a full bit time to the center of the next bit. The bit is then sampled by a majority detect circuit and the resulting `0' or `1' is shifted into the RSR. This repeats until all data bits have been sampled and shifted into the RSR. One final bit time is measured and the level sampled. This is the Stop bit, which is always a `1'. If the data recovery circuit samples a `0' in the Stop bit position then a framing error is set for this character, otherwise the framing error is cleared for this character. See Section 16.1.2.5 "Receive Framing Error" for more information on framing errors. Immediately after all data bits and the Stop bit have been received, the character in the RSR is transferred to the EUSART receive FIFO and the RCxIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1/PIR3 register is set. The top character in the FIFO is transferred out of the FIFO by reading the RCREGx register. Note: If the receive FIFO is overrun, no additional characters will be received until the overrun condition is cleared. See Section 16.1.2.6 "Receive Overrun Error" for more information on overrun errors. 16.1.2.1 Enabling the Receiver The EUSART receiver is enabled for asynchronous operation by configuring the following three control bits: * CREN = 1 * SYNC = 0 * SPEN = 1 All other EUSART control bits are assumed to be in their default state. Setting the CREN bit of the RCSTAx register enables the receiver circuitry of the EUSART. Clearing the SYNC bit of the TXSTAx register configures the EUSART for asynchronous operation. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTAx register enables the EUSART. The RXx/DTx I/O pin must be configured as an input by setting the corresponding TRIS control bit. If the RXx/DTx pin is shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O function must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bit. 16.1.2.3 Receive Data Polarity The polarity of the receive data can be controlled with the DTRXP bit of the BAUDCONx register. The default state of this bit is `0' which selects high true receive idle and data bits. Setting the DTRXP bit to `1' will invert the receive data resulting in low true idle and data bits. The DTRXP bit controls receive data polarity only in Asynchronous mode. In Synchronous mode the DTRXP bit has a different function. DS41412B-page 268 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.1.2.4 Receive Interrupts 16.1.2.7 Receiving 9-bit Characters The RCxIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1/PIR3 register is set whenever the EUSART receiver is enabled and there is an unread character in the receive FIFO. The RCxIF interrupt flag bit is read-only, it cannot be set or cleared by software. RCxIF interrupts are enabled by setting the following bits: * RCxIE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1/PIE3 register * PEIE/GIEL peripheral interrupt enable bit of the INTCON register * GIE/GIEH global interrupt enable bit of the INTCON register The RCxIF interrupt flag bit will be set when there is an unread character in the FIFO, regardless of the state of interrupt enable bits. The EUSART supports 9-bit character reception. When the RX9 bit of the RCSTAx register is set, the EUSART will shift 9 bits into the RSR for each character received. The RX9D bit of the RCSTAx register is the ninth and Most Significant data bit of the top unread character in the receive FIFO. When reading 9-bit data from the receive FIFO buffer, the RX9D data bit must be read before reading the 8 Least Significant bits from the RCREGx. 16.1.2.8 Address Detection A special Address Detection mode is available for use when multiple receivers share the same transmission line, such as in RS-485 systems. Address detection is enabled by setting the ADDEN bit of the RCSTAx register. Address detection requires 9-bit character reception. When address detection is enabled, only characters with the ninth data bit set will be transferred to the receive FIFO buffer, thereby setting the RCxIF interrupt bit. All other characters will be ignored. Upon receiving an address character, user software determines if the address matches its own. Upon address match, user software must disable address detection by clearing the ADDEN bit before the next Stop bit occurs. When user software detects the end of the message, determined by the message protocol used, software places the receiver back into the Address Detection mode by setting the ADDEN bit. 16.1.2.5 Receive Framing Error Each character in the receive FIFO buffer has a corresponding framing error Status bit. A framing error indicates that a Stop bit was not seen at the expected time. The framing error status is accessed via the FERR bit of the RCSTAx register. The FERR bit represents the status of the top unread character in the receive FIFO. Therefore, the FERR bit must be read before reading the RCREG.x The FERR bit is read-only and only applies to the top unread character in the receive FIFO. A framing error (FERR = 1) does not preclude reception of additional characters. It is not necessary to clear the FERR bit. Reading the next character from the FIFO buffer will advance the FIFO to the next character and the next corresponding framing error. The FERR bit can be forced clear by clearing the SPEN bit of the RCSTAx register which resets the EUSART. Clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTAx register does not affect the FERR bit. A framing error by itself does not generate an interrupt. Note: If all receive characters in the receive FIFO have framing errors, repeated reads of the RCREGx will not clear the FERR bit. 16.1.2.6 Receive Overrun Error The receive FIFO buffer can hold two characters. An overrun error will be generated if a third character, in its entirety, is received before the FIFO is accessed. When this happens the OERR bit of the RCSTAx register is set. The characters already in the FIFO buffer can be read but no additional characters will be received until the error is cleared. The error must be cleared by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTAx register or by resetting the EUSART by clearing the SPEN bit of the RCSTAx register. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 269 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.1.2.9 1. Asynchronous Reception Set-up: 16.1.2.10 9-bit Address Detection Mode Set-up Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 "EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)"). 2. Set the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx TRIS controls to `1'. 3. Enable the serial port by setting the SPEN bit and the RXx/DTx pin TRIS bit. The SYNC bit must be clear for asynchronous operation. 4. If interrupts are desired, set the RCxIE interrupt enable bit and set the GIE/GIEH and PEIE/GIEL bits of the INTCON register. 5. If 9-bit reception is desired, set the RX9 bit. 6. Set the DTRXP if inverted receive polarity is desired. 7. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit. 8. The RCxIF interrupt flag bit will be set when a character is transferred from the RSR to the receive buffer. An interrupt will be generated if the RCxIE interrupt enable bit was also set. 9. Read the RCSTAx register to get the error flags and, if 9-bit data reception is enabled, the ninth data bit. 10. Get the received 8 Least Significant data bits from the receive buffer by reading the RCREGx register. 11. If an overrun occurred, clear the OERR flag by clearing the CREN receiver enable bit. This mode would typically be used in RS-485 systems. To set up an Asynchronous Reception with Address Detect Enable: 1. Initialize the SPBRGHx, SPBRGx register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 "EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)"). Set the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx TRIS controls to `1'. Enable the serial port by setting the SPEN bit. The SYNC bit must be clear for asynchronous operation. If interrupts are desired, set the RCxIE interrupt enable bit and set the GIE/GIEH and PEIE/GIEL bits of the INTCON register. Enable 9-bit reception by setting the RX9 bit. Enable address detection by setting the ADDEN bit. Set the DTRXP if inverted receive polarity is desired. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit. The RCxIF interrupt flag bit will be set when a character with the ninth bit set is transferred from the RSR to the receive buffer. An interrupt will be generated if the RCxIE interrupt enable bit was also set. Read the RCSTAx register to get the error flags. The ninth data bit will always be set. Get the received 8 Least Significant data bits from the receive buffer by reading the RCREGx register. Software determines if this is the device's address. If an overrun occurred, clear the OERR flag by clearing the CREN receiver enable bit. If the device has been addressed, clear the ADDEN bit to allow all received data into the receive buffer and generate interrupts. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. DS41412B-page 270 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 16-5: RXx/DTx pin Rcv Shift Reg Rcv Buffer Reg RCIDL Read Rcv Buffer Reg RCREGx RCxIF (Interrupt Flag) OERR bit CREN ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 Stop bit Start bit bit 0 bit 7/8 Stop bit Start bit bit 7/8 Stop bit Word 1 RCREGx Word 2 RCREGx Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RXx/DTx input. The RCREGx (receive buffer) is read after the third word, causing the OERR (overrun) bit to be set. TABLE 16-2: Name BAUDCON1 BAUDCON2 INTCON IPR1 IPR3 PIE1 PIE3 PIR1 PIR3 PMD0 RCREG1 RCSTA1 RCREG2 RCSTA2 SPBRG1 SPBRGH1 SPBRG2 SPBRGH2 TRISB(2) TRISC TRISD (1) REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION Bit 7 ABDOVF ABDOVF GIE/GIEH -- SSP2IP -- SSP2IE -- SSP2IF UART2MD SPEN SPEN Bit 6 RCIDL RCIDL PEIE/GIEL ADIP BCL2IP ADIE BCL2IE ADIF BCL2IF Bit 5 DTRXP DTRXP TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP RC1IE RC2IE RC1IF RC2IF Bit 4 CKTXP CKTXP INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP TX1IE TX2IE TX1IF TX2IF Bit 3 BRG16 BRG16 RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF CTMUIF Bit 2 -- -- TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR5GIP CCP1IE TMR5GIE CCP1IF TMR5GIF TMR3MD FERR FERR Bit 1 WUE WUE INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3GIP TMR2IE TMR3GIE TMR2IF TMR3GIF TMR2MD OERR OERR Bit 0 ABDEN ABDEN RBIF TMR1IP TMR1GIP TMR1IE TMR1GIE TMR1IF TMR1GIF TMR1MD RX9D RX9D Register on Page 274 274 115 127 129 123 125 118 120 56 -- UART1MD TMR6MD TMR5MD TMR4MD RX9 RX9 SREN SREN CREN CREN ADDEN ADDEN EUSART1 Receive Register EUSART2 Receive Register EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 CSRC CSRC TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 TX9 TX9 TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 TXEN TXEN TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 SYNC SYNC TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 SENDB SENDB TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 BRGH BRGH TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRMT TRMT TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TX9D TX9D 273 -- 273 -- -- -- -- 154 154 154 272 272 TXSTA1 TXSTA2 Legend: Note 1: 2: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for asynchronous reception. PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 271 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.2 Clock Accuracy with Asynchronous Operation The first (preferred) method uses the OSCTUNE register to adjust the HFINTOSC output. Adjusting the value in the OSCTUNE register allows for fine resolution changes to the system clock source. See Section 2.5 "Internal Clock Modes" for more information. The other method adjusts the value in the Baud Rate Generator. This can be done automatically with the Auto-Baud Detect feature (see Section 16.3.1 "AutoBaud Detect"). There may not be fine enough resolution when adjusting the Baud Rate Generator to compensate for a gradual change in the peripheral clock frequency. The factory calibrates the internal oscillator block output (HFINTOSC). However, the HFINTOSC frequency may drift as VDD or temperature changes, and this directly affects the asynchronous baud rate. Two methods may be used to adjust the baud rate clock, but both require a reference clock source of some kind. REGISTER 16-1: R/W-0 CSRC bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 TXSTAX: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 TX9 R/W-0 TXEN(1) R/W-0 SYNC R/W-0 SENDB R/W-0 BRGH R-1 TRMT R/W-0 TX9D bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown CSRC: Clock Source Select bit Asynchronous mode: Don't care Synchronous mode: 1 = Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG) 0 = Slave mode (clock from external source) TX9: 9-bit Transmit Enable bit 1 = Selects 9-bit transmission 0 = Selects 8-bit transmission TXEN: Transmit Enable bit(1) 1 = Transmit enabled 0 = Transmit disabled SYNC: EUSART Mode Select bit 1 = Synchronous mode 0 = Asynchronous mode SENDB: Send Break Character bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Send Sync Break on next transmission (cleared by hardware upon completion) 0 = Sync Break transmission completed Synchronous mode: Don't care BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = High speed 0 = Low speed Synchronous mode: Unused in this mode TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit 1 = TSR empty 0 = TSR full TX9D: Ninth bit of Transmit Data Can be address/data bit or a parity bit. SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Sync mode. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: DS41412B-page 272 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 16-2: R/W-0 SPEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown RCSTAX: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 RX9 R/W-0 SREN R/W-0 CREN R/W-0 ADDEN R-0 FERR R-0 OERR R-x RX9D bit 0 SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit 1 = Serial port enabled (configures RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pins as serial port pins) 0 = Serial port disabled (held in Reset) RX9: 9-bit Receive Enable bit 1 = Selects 9-bit reception 0 = Selects 8-bit reception SREN: Single Receive Enable bit Asynchronous mode: Don't care Synchronous mode - Master: 1 = Enables single receive 0 = Disables single receive This bit is cleared after reception is complete. Synchronous mode - Slave Don't care CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Enables receiver 0 = Disables receiver Synchronous mode: 1 = Enables continuous receive until enable bit CREN is cleared (CREN overrides SREN) 0 = Disables continuous receive ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit Asynchronous mode 9-bit (RX9 = 1): 1 = Enables address detection, enable interrupt and load the receive buffer when RSR<8> is set 0 = Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit Asynchronous mode 8-bit (RX9 = 0): Don't care FERR: Framing Error bit 1 = Framing error (can be updated by reading RCREGx register and receive next valid byte) 0 = No framing error OERR: Overrun Error bit 1 = Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit CREN) 0 = No overrun error RX9D: Ninth bit of Received Data This can be address/data bit or a parity bit and must be calculated by user firmware. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 273 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 16-3: R/W-0 ABDOVF bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown BAUDCONX: BAUD RATE CONTROL REGISTER R-1 RCIDL R/W-0 DTRXP R/W-0 CKTXP R/W-0 BRG16 U-0 -- R/W-0 WUE R/W-0 ABDEN bit 0 ABDOVF: Auto-Baud Detect Overflow bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Auto-baud timer overflowed 0 = Auto-baud timer did not overflow Synchronous mode: Don't care RCIDL: Receive Idle Flag bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Receiver is Idle 0 = Start bit has been detected and the receiver is active Synchronous mode: Don't care DTRXP: Data/Receive Polarity Select bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Receive data (RXx) is inverted (active-low) 0 = Receive data (RXx) is not inverted (active-high) Synchronous mode: 1 = Data (DTx) is inverted (active-low) 0 = Data (DTx) is not inverted (active-high) CKTXP: Clock/Transmit Polarity Select bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Idle state for transmit (TXx) is low 0 = Idle state for transmit (TXx) is high Synchronous mode: 1 = Data changes on the falling edge of the clock and is sampled on the rising edge of the clock 0 = Data changes on the rising edge of the clock and is sampled on the falling edge of the clock BRG16: 16-bit Baud Rate Generator bit 1 = 16-bit Baud Rate Generator is used (SPBRGHx:SPBRGx) 0 = 8-bit Baud Rate Generator is used (SPBRGx) Unimplemented: Read as `0' WUE: Wake-up Enable bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Receiver is waiting for a falling edge. No character will be received but RCxIF will be set on the falling edge. WUE will automatically clear on the rising edge. 0 = Receiver is operating normally Synchronous mode: Don't care ABDEN: Auto-Baud Detect Enable bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Auto-Baud Detect mode is enabled (clears when auto-baud is complete) 0 = Auto-Baud Detect mode is disabled Synchronous mode: Don't care bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 274 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.3 EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG) If the system clock is changed during an active receive operation, a receive error or data loss may result. To avoid this problem, check the status of the RCIDL bit to make sure that the receive operation is Idle before changing the system clock. The Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is an 8-bit or 16-bit timer that is dedicated to the support of both the asynchronous and synchronous EUSART operation. By default, the BRG operates in 8-bit mode. Setting the BRG16 bit of the BAUDCONx register selects 16-bit mode. The SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair determines the period of the free running baud rate timer. In Asynchronous mode the multiplier of the baud rate period is determined by both the BRGH bit of the TXSTAx register and the BRG16 bit of the BAUDCONx register. In Synchronous mode, the BRGH bit is ignored. Table contains the formulas for determining the baud rate. Example 16-1 provides a sample calculation for determining the baud rate and baud rate error. Typical baud rates and error values for various Asynchronous modes have been computed for your convenience and are shown in Table 16-5. It may be advantageous to use the high baud rate (BRGH = 1), or the 16-bit BRG (BRG16 = 1) to reduce the baud rate error. The 16-bit BRG mode is used to achieve slow baud rates for fast oscillator frequencies. Writing a new value to the SPBRGHx, SPBRGx register pair causes the BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This ensures that the BRG does not wait for a timer overflow before outputting the new baud rate. EXAMPLE 16-1: CALCULATING BAUD RATE ERROR For a device with FOSC of 16 MHz, desired baud rate of 9600, Asynchronous mode, 8-bit BRG: FOSC Desired Baud Rate = ------------------------------------------------------------------------64 [SPBRGHx:SPBRGx] + 1 Solving for SPBRGHx:SPBRGx: FOSC -------------------------------------------Desired Baud Rate X = --------------------------------------------- - 1 64 16000000 ----------------------9600 = ----------------------- - 1 64 = 25.042 = 25 16000000 Calculated Baud Rate = -------------------------64 25 + 1 = 9615 Calc. Baud Rate - Desired Baud Rate Error = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Desired Baud Rate 9615 - 9600 = ---------------------------------- = 0.16% 9600 TABLE 16-3: SYNC 0 0 0 0 1 1 Legend: BAUD RATE FORMULAS BRG16 0 0 1 1 0 1 BRGH 0 1 0 1 x x BRG/EUSART Mode 8-bit/Asynchronous 8-bit/Asynchronous 16-bit/Asynchronous 16-bit/Asynchronous 8-bit/Synchronous 16-bit/Synchronous FOSC/[4 (n+1)] Baud Rate Formula FOSC/[64 (n+1)] FOSC/[16 (n+1)] Configuration Bits x = Don't care, n = value of SPBRGHx, SPBRGx register pair. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 275 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 16-4: Name BAUDCON1 BAUDCON2 PMD0 RCSTA1 RCSTA2 SPBRG1 SPBRGH1 SPBRG2 SPBRGH2 PIR1 PIR3 TXSTA1 TXSTA2 Legend: -- SSP2IF CSRC CSRC ADIF BCL2IF TX9 TX9 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR Bit 7 ABDOVF ABDOVF Bit 6 RCIDL RCIDL UART1MD RX9 RX9 Bit 5 DTRXP DTRXP TMR6MD SREN SREN Bit 4 CKTXP CKTXP TMR5MD CREN CREN Bit 3 BRG16 BRG16 TMR4MD ADDEN ADDEN Bit 2 -- -- FERR FERR Bit 1 WUE WUE OERR OERR Bit 0 ABDEN ABDEN RX9D RX9D Reset Values on Page 274 274 56 273 273 -- -- -- -- UART2MD SPEN SPEN TMR3MD TMR2MD TMR1MD EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte RC1IF RC2IF TXEN TXEN TX1IF TX2IF SYNC SYNC SSP1IF CTMUIF SENDB SENDB CCP1IF BRGH BRGH TMR2IF TRMT TRMT TMR1IF TX9D TX9D TMR5GIF TMR3GIF TMR1GIF 118 120 272 272 -- = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by the BRG. TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATE BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0 FOSC = 18.432 MHz Actual Rate -- 1200 2400 9600 10286 19.20k 57.60k -- % Error -- 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.26 0.00 0.00 -- SPBRGx value (decimal) -- 239 119 29 27 14 7 -- FOSC = 16.000 MHz Actual Rate -- 1202 2404 9615 10417 19.23k -- -- % Error -- 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.16 -- -- SPBRGx value (decimal) -- 207 103 25 23 12 -- -- FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate -- 1200 2400 9600 10165 19.20k 57.60k -- % Error -- 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.42 0.00 0.00 -- SPBRGx value (decimal) -- 143 71 17 16 8 2 -- FOSC = 64.000 MHz Actual Rate -- -- -- 9615 10417 19.23k 58.82k 111.11k % Error -- -- -- 0.16 0.00 0.16 2.12 -3.55 SPBRxG value (decimal) -- -- -- 103 95 51 16 8 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0 BAUD RATE FOSC = 8.000 MHz Actual Rate -- 1202 2404 9615 10417 -- -- -- % Error -- 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 -- -- -- SPBRGx value (decimal) -- 103 51 12 11 -- -- -- FOSC = 4.000 MHz Actual Rate 300 1202 2404 -- 10417 -- -- -- % Error 0.16 0.16 0.16 -- 0.00 -- -- -- SPBRGx value (decimal) 207 51 25 -- 5 -- -- -- FOSC = 3.6864 MHz Actual Rate 300 1200 2400 9600 -- 19.20k 57.60k -- % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -- 0.00 0.00 -- SPBRGx value (decimal) 191 47 23 5 -- 2 0 -- FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate 300 1202 -- -- -- -- -- -- % Error 0.16 0.16 -- -- -- -- -- -- SPBRGx value (decimal) 51 12 -- -- -- -- -- -- 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k DS41412B-page 276 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATE BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED) SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0 FOSC = 18.432 MHz Actual Rate -- -- -- 9600 10378 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error -- -- -- 0.00 -0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGx value (decimal) -- -- -- 119 110 59 19 9 FOSC = 16.000 MHz Actual Rate -- -- -- 9615 10417 19.23k 58.82k 111.1k % Error -- -- -- 0.16 0.00 0.16 2.12 -3.55 SPBRGx value (decimal) -- -- -- 103 95 51 16 8 FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate -- -- -- 9600 10473 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error -- -- -- 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGx value (decimal) -- -- -- 71 65 35 11 5 FOSC = 64.000 MHz Actual Rate -- -- -- -- -- 19.23k 57.97k 114.29k % Error -- -- -- -- -- 0.16 0.64 -0.79 SPBRGx value (decimal) -- -- -- -- -- 207 68 34 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0 BAUD RATE FOSC = 8.000 MHz Actual Rate -- -- 2404 9615 10417 19231 55556 -- % Error -- -- 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.16 -3.55 -- SPBRGx value (decimal) -- -- 207 51 47 25 8 -- FOSC = 4.000 MHz Actual Rate -- 1202 2404 9615 10417 19.23k -- -- % Error -- 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.16 -- -- SPBRGx value (decimal) -- 207 103 25 23 12 -- -- FOSC = 3.6864 MHz Actual Rate -- 1200 2400 9600 10473 19.2k 57.60k 115.2k % Error -- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 SxBRGx value (decimal) -- 191 95 23 21 11 3 1 FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate 300 1202 2404 -- 10417 -- -- -- % Error 0.16 0.16 0.16 -- 0.00 -- -- -- SPBRGx value (decimal) 207 51 25 -- 5 -- -- -- 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1 BAUD RATE FOSC = 64.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200.1 2399 9592 10417 19.23k 57.97k 114.29k % Error 0.00 0.01 -0.02 -0.08 0.00 0.16 0.64 -0.79 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 13332 3332 1666 416 383 207 68 34 FOSC = 18.432 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2400 9600 10378 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 3839 959 479 119 110 59 19 9 FOSC = 16.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.03 1200.5 2398 9615 10417 19.23k 58.82k 111.11k % Error 0.01 0.04 -0.08 0.16 0.00 0.16 2.12 -3.55 SPBRGHx :SPBRGx (decimal) 3332 832 416 103 95 51 16 8 FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2400 9600 10473 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 2303 575 287 71 65 35 11 5 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 277 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATE BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED) SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1 FOSC = 4.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.1 1202 2404 9615 10417 19.23k -- -- % Error 0.04 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.16 -- -- SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 832 207 103 25 23 12 -- -- FOSC = 3.6864 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2400 9600 10473 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGHx :SPBRGx (decimal) 767 191 95 23 21 11 3 1 FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.5 1202 2404 -- 10417 -- -- -- % Error 0.16 0.16 0.16 -- 0.00 -- -- -- SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 207 51 25 -- 5 -- -- -- FOSC = 8.000 MHz Actual Rate 299.9 1199 2404 9615 10417 19.23k 55556 -- % Error -0.02 -0.08 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.16 -3.55 -- SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 1666 416 207 51 47 25 8 -- 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1 BAUD RATE FOSC = 64.000 MHz Actual Rate 300 1200 2400 9598.1 10417 19.21k 57.55k 115.11k % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.00 0.04 -0.08 -0.08 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 53332 13332 6666 1666 1535 832 277 138 FOSC = 18.432 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2400 9600 10425 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 15359 3839 1919 479 441 239 79 39 FOSC = 16.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200.1 2399.5 9592 10417 19.23k 57.97k 114.29k % Error 0.00 0.01 -0.02 -0.08 0.00 0.16 0.64 -0.79 SPBRGHx :SPBRGx (decimal) 13332 3332 1666 416 383 207 68 34 FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2400 9600 10433 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 9215 2303 1151 287 264 143 47 23 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1 BAUD RATE FOSC = 8.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2401 9615 10417 19.23k 57.14k 117.6k % Error 0.00 -0.02 0.04 0.16 0.00 0.16 -0.79 2.12 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 6666 1666 832 207 191 103 34 16 FOSC = 4.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2398 9615 10417 19.23k 58.82k 111.1k % Error 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.00 0.16 2.12 -3.55 SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 3332 832 416 103 95 51 16 8 FOSC = 3.6864 MHz Actual Rate 300.0 1200 2400 9600 10473 19.20k 57.60k 115.2k % Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 SPBRGHx :SPBRGx (decimal) 3071 767 383 95 87 47 15 7 FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate 300.1 1202 2404 9615 10417 19.23k -- -- % Error 0.04 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.16 -- -- SPBRGHx: SPBRGx (decimal) 832 207 103 25 23 12 -- -- 300 1200 2400 9600 10417 19.2k 57.6k 115.2k DS41412B-page 278 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.3.1 AUTO-BAUD DETECT The EUSART module supports automatic detection and calibration of the baud rate. In the Auto-Baud Detect (ABD) mode, the clock to the BRG is reversed. Rather than the BRG clocking the incoming RXx signal, the RXx signal is timing the BRG. The Baud Rate Generator is used to time the period of a received 55h (ASCII "U") which is the Sync character for the LIN bus. The unique feature of this character is that it has five rising edges including the Stop bit edge. Setting the ABDEN bit of the BAUDCONx register starts the auto-baud calibration sequence (Figure 16.3.2). While the ABD sequence takes place, the EUSART state machine is held in Idle. On the first rising edge of the receive line, after the Start bit, the SPBRGx begins counting up using the BRG counter clock as shown in Table 16-6. The fifth rising edge will occur on the RXx/DTx pin at the end of the eighth bit period. At that time, an accumulated value totaling the proper BRG period is left in the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair, the ABDEN bit is automatically cleared, and the RCxIF interrupt flag is set. A read operation on the RCREGx needs to be performed to clear the RCxIF interrupt. RCREGx content should be discarded. When calibrating for modes that do not use the SPBRGHx register the user can verify that the SPBRGx register did not overflow by checking for 00h in the SPBRGHx register. The BRG auto-baud clock is determined by the BRG16 and BRGH bits as shown in Table 16-6. During ABD, both the SPBRGHx and SPBRGx registers are used as a 16-bit counter, independent of the BRG16 bit setting. While calibrating the baud rate period, the SPBRGHx and SPBRGx registers are clocked at 1/8th the BRG base clock rate. The resulting byte measurement is the average bit time when clocked at full speed. Note 1: If the WUE bit is set with the ABDEN bit, auto-baud detection will occur on the byte following the Break character (see Section 16.3.3 "Auto-Wake-up on Break"). 2: It is up to the user to determine that the incoming character baud rate is within the range of the selected BRG clock source. Some combinations of oscillator frequency and EUSART baud rates are not possible. 3: During the auto-baud process, the autobaud counter starts counting at 1. Upon completion of the auto-baud sequence, to achieve maximum accuracy, subtract 1 from the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair. TABLE 16-6: BRG16 0 0 1 1 Note: BRGH 0 1 0 1 BRG COUNTER CLOCK RATES BRG Base Clock FOSC/64 FOSC/16 FOSC/16 FOSC/4 BRG ABD Clock FOSC/512 FOSC/128 FOSC/128 FOSC/32 During the ABD sequence, SPBRGx and SPBRGHx registers are both used as a 16-bit counter, independent of BRG16 setting. FIGURE 16-6: BRG Value RXx/DTx pin BRG Clock Set by User ABDEN bit RCIDL RCxIF bit (Interrupt) Read RCREGx SPBRGx SPBRGHx Note 1: AUTOMATIC BAUD RATE CALIBRATION XXXXh 0000h Start Edge #1 bit 1 bit 0 Edge #2 bit 3 bit 2 Edge #3 bit 5 bit 4 Edge #4 bit 7 bit 6 001Ch Edge #5 Stop bit Auto Cleared XXh XXh The ABD sequence requires the EUSART module to be configured in Asynchronous mode. 1Ch 00h 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 279 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.3.2 AUTO-BAUD OVERFLOW 16.3.3.1 Special Considerations During the course of automatic baud detection, the ABDOVF bit of the BAUDCONx register will be set if the baud rate counter overflows before the fifth rising edge is detected on the RX pin. The ABDOVF bit indicates that the counter has exceeded the maximum count that can fit in the 16 bits of the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair. After the ABDOVF has been set, the counter continues to count until the fifth rising edge is detected on the RXx/DTx pin. Upon detecting the fifth RXx/DTx edge, the hardware will set the RCxIF interrupt flag and clear the ABDEN bit of the BAUDCONx register. The RCxIF flag can be subsequently cleared by reading the RCREGx. The ABDOVF flag can be cleared by software directly. To terminate the auto-baud process before the RCxIF flag is set, clear the ABDEN bit then clear the ABDOVF bit. The ABDOVF bit will remain set if the ABDEN bit is not cleared first. Break Character To avoid character errors or character fragments during a wake-up event, the wake-up character must be all zeros. When the wake-up is enabled the function works independent of the low time on the data stream. If the WUE bit is set and a valid non-zero character is received, the low time from the Start bit to the first rising edge will be interpreted as the wake-up event. The remaining bits in the character will be received as a fragmented character and subsequent characters can result in framing or overrun errors. Therefore, the initial character in the transmission must be all `0's. This must be 10 or more bit times, 13-bit times recommended for LIN bus, or any number of bit times for standard RS-232 devices. Oscillator Startup Time Oscillator start-up time must be considered, especially in applications using oscillators with longer start-up intervals (i.e., LP, XT or HS/PLL mode). The Sync Break (or wake-up signal) character must be of sufficient length, and be followed by a sufficient interval, to allow enough time for the selected oscillator to start and provide proper initialization of the EUSART. WUE Bit The wake-up event causes a receive interrupt by setting the RCxIF bit. The WUE bit is cleared by hardware by a rising edge on RXx/DTx. The interrupt condition is then cleared by software by reading the RCREGx register and discarding its contents. To ensure that no actual data is lost, check the RCIDL bit to verify that a receive operation is not in process before setting the WUE bit. If a receive operation is not occurring, the WUE bit may then be set just prior to entering the Sleep mode. 16.3.3 AUTO-WAKE-UP ON BREAK During Sleep mode, all clocks to the EUSART are suspended. Because of this, the Baud Rate Generator is inactive and a proper character reception cannot be performed. The Auto-Wake-up feature allows the controller to wake-up due to activity on the RXx/DTx line. This feature is available only in Asynchronous mode. The Auto-Wake-up feature is enabled by setting the WUE bit of the BAUDCONx register. Once set, the normal receive sequence on RXx/DTx is disabled, and the EUSART remains in an Idle state, monitoring for a wake-up event independent of the CPU mode. A wakeup event consists of a high-to-low transition on the RXx/DTx line. (This coincides with the start of a Sync Break or a wake-up signal character for the LIN protocol.) The EUSART module generates an RCxIF interrupt coincident with the wake-up event. The interrupt is generated synchronously to the Q clocks in normal CPU operating modes (Figure 16-7), and asynchronously if the device is in Sleep mode (Figure 16-8). The interrupt condition is cleared by reading the RCREGx register. The WUE bit is automatically cleared by the low-to-high transition on the RXx line at the end of the Break. This signals to the user that the Break event is over. At this point, the EUSART module is in Idle mode waiting to receive the next character. DS41412B-page 280 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 16-7: OSC1 WUE bit RXx/DTx Line RCxIF Note 1: The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set. Cleared due to User Read of RCREGx AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMING DURING NORMAL OPERATION Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Bit set by user Auto Cleared FIGURE 16-8: OSC1 AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING SLEEP Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Auto Cleared Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Bit Set by User WUE bit RXx/DTx Line RCxIF Sleep Command Executed Note 1: 2: Note 1 Sleep Ends Cleared due to User Read of RCREGx If the wake-up event requires long oscillator warm-up time, the automatic clearing of the WUE bit can occur while the stposc signal is still active. This sequence should not depend on the presence of Q clocks. The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 281 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.3.4 BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE The EUSART module has the capability of sending the special Break character sequences that are required by the LIN bus standard. A Break character consists of a Start bit, followed by 12 `0' bits and a Stop bit. To send a Break character, set the SENDB and TXEN bits of the TXSTAx register. The Break character transmission is then initiated by a write to the TXREGx. The value of data written to TXREGx will be ignored and all `0's will be transmitted. The SENDB bit is automatically reset by hardware after the corresponding Stop bit is sent. This allows the user to preload the transmit FIFO with the next transmit byte following the Break character (typically, the Sync character in the LIN specification). The TRMT bit of the TXSTAx register indicates when the transmit operation is active or Idle, just as it does during normal transmission. See Figure 16-9 for the timing of the Break character sequence. When the TXREGx becomes empty, as indicated by the TXxIF, the next data byte can be written to TXREGx. 16.3.5 RECEIVING A BREAK CHARACTER The Enhanced EUSART module can receive a Break character in two ways. The first method to detect a Break character uses the FERR bit of the RCSTAx register and the Received data as indicated by RCREGx. The Baud Rate Generator is assumed to have been initialized to the expected baud rate. A Break character has been received when; * RCxIF bit is set * FERR bit is set * RCREGx = 00h The second method uses the Auto-Wake-up feature described in Section 16.3.3 "Auto-Wake-up on Break". By enabling this feature, the EUSART will sample the next two transitions on RXx/DTx, cause an RCxIF interrupt, and receive the next data byte followed by another interrupt. Note that following a Break character, the user will typically want to enable the Auto-Baud Detect feature. For both methods, the user can set the ABDEN bit of the BAUDCONx register before placing the EUSART in Sleep mode. 16.3.4.1 Break and Sync Transmit Sequence The following sequence will start a message frame header made up of a Break, followed by an auto-baud Sync byte. This sequence is typical of a LIN bus master. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Configure the EUSART for the desired mode. Set the TXEN and SENDB bits to enable the Break sequence. Load the TXREGx with a dummy character to initiate transmission (the value is ignored). Write `55h' to TXREGx to load the Sync character into the transmit FIFO buffer. After the Break has been sent, the SENDB bit is reset by hardware and the Sync character is then transmitted. FIGURE 16-9: Write to TXREGx BRG Output (Shift Clock) TXx/CKx (pin) SEND BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE Dummy Write Start bit bit 0 bit 1 Break bit 11 Stop bit TXxIF bit (Transmit interrupt Flag) TRMT bit (Transmit Shift Reg. Empty Flag) SENDB (send Break control bit) SENDB Sampled Here Auto Cleared DS41412B-page 282 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.4 EUSART Synchronous Mode 16.4.1.2 Clock Polarity Synchronous serial communications are typically used in systems with a single master and one or more slaves. The master device contains the necessary circuitry for baud rate generation and supplies the clock for all devices in the system. Slave devices can take advantage of the master clock by eliminating the internal clock generation circuitry. There are two signal lines in Synchronous mode: a bidirectional data line and a clock line. Slaves use the external clock supplied by the master to shift the serial data into and out of their respective receive and transmit shift registers. Since the data line is bidirectional, synchronous operation is half-duplex only. Half-duplex refers to the fact that master and slave devices can receive and transmit data but not both simultaneously. The EUSART can operate as either a master or slave device. Start and Stop bits are not used in synchronous transmissions. A clock polarity option is provided for Microwire compatibility. Clock polarity is selected with the CKTXP bit of the BAUDCONx register. Setting the CKTXP bit sets the clock Idle state as high. When the CKTXP bit is set, the data changes on the falling edge of each clock and is sampled on the rising edge of each clock. Clearing the CKTXP bit sets the Idle state as low. When the CKTXP bit is cleared, the data changes on the rising edge of each clock and is sampled on the falling edge of each clock. 16.4.1.3 Synchronous Master Transmission Data is transferred out of the device on the RXx/DTx pin. The RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pin output drivers are automatically enabled when the EUSART is configured for synchronous master transmit operation. A transmission is initiated by writing a character to the TXREGx register. If the TSR still contains all or part of a previous character the new character data is held in the TXREGx until the last bit of the previous character has been transmitted. If this is the first character, or the previous character has been completely flushed from the TSR, the data in the TXREGx is immediately transferred to the TSR. The transmission of the character commences immediately following the transfer of the data to the TSR from the TXREGx. Each data bit changes on the leading edge of the master clock and remains valid until the subsequent leading clock edge. Note: The TSR register is not mapped in data memory, so it is not available to the user. 16.4.1 SYNCHRONOUS MASTER MODE The following bits are used to configure the EUSART for Synchronous Master operation: * * * * * SYNC = 1 CSRC = 1 SREN = 0 (for transmit); SREN = 1 (for receive) CREN = 0 (for transmit); CREN = 1 (for receive) SPEN = 1 Setting the SYNC bit of the TXSTAx register configures the device for synchronous operation. Setting the CSRC bit of the TXSTAx register configures the device as a master. Clearing the SREN and CREN bits of the RCSTAx register ensures that the device is in the Transmit mode, otherwise the device will be configured to receive. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTAx register enables the EUSART. If the RXx/DTx or TXx/CKx pins are shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O functions must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bits. The TRIS bits corresponding to the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pins should be set. 16.4.1.4 Data Polarity The polarity of the transmit and receive data can be controlled with the DTRXP bit of the BAUDCONx register. The default state of this bit is `0' which selects high true transmit and receive data. Setting the DTRXP bit to `1' will invert the data resulting in low true transmit and receive data. 16.4.1.1 Master Clock Synchronous data transfers use a separate clock line, which is synchronous with the data. A device configured as a master transmits the clock on the TXx/CKx line. The TXx/CKx pin output driver is automatically enabled when the EUSART is configured for synchronous transmit or receive operation. Serial data bits change on the leading edge to ensure they are valid at the trailing edge of each clock. One clock cycle is generated for each data bit. Only as many clock cycles are generated as there are data bits. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 283 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.4.1.5 1. Synchronous Master Transmission Set-up: 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 2. 3. Initialize the SPBRGHx, SPBRGx register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 "EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)"). Set the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx TRIS controls to `1'. Enable the synchronous master serial port by setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC. Set the TRIS bits corresponding to the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx I/O pins. Disable Receive mode by clearing bits SREN and CREN. Enable Transmit mode by setting the TXEN bit. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 bit. If interrupts are desired, set the TXxIE, GIE/ GIEH and PEIE/GIEL interrupt enable bits. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit should be loaded in the TX9D bit. Start transmission by loading data to the TXREGx register. FIGURE 16-10: RXx/DTx pin TXx/CKx pin (SCKP = 0) TXx/CKx pin (SCKP = 1) Write to TXREGx Reg TXxIF bit (Interrupt Flag) TRMT bit SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION bit 0 bit 1 Word 1 bit 2 bit 7 bit 0 bit 1 Word 2 bit 7 Write Word 1 Write Word 2 TXEN bit Note: `1' Sync Master mode, SPBRGx = 0, continuous transmission of two 8-bit words. `1' FIGURE 16-11: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN) bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 6 bit 7 RXx/DTx pin TXx/CKx pin Write to TXREGx reg TXxIF bit TRMT bit TXEN bit DS41412B-page 284 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 16-7: Name BAUDCON1 BAUDCON2 INTCON IPR1 IPR3 PIE1 PIE3 PIR1 PIR3 PMD0 RCSTA1 RCSTA2 SPBRG1 SPBRGH1 SPBRG2 SPBRGH2 TRISB(2) TRISC TRISD(1) TXREG1 TXSTA1 TXREG2 TXSTA2 Legend: Note CSRC TX9 CSRC TX9 TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION Bit 7 ABDOVF ABDOVF GIE/GIEH -- SSP2IP -- SSP2IE -- SSP2IF UART2MD SPEN SPEN Bit 6 RCIDL RCIDL PEIE/GIEL ADIP BCL2IP ADIE BCL2IE ADIF BCL2IF UART1MD RX9 RX9 Bit 5 DTRXP DTRXP TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP RC1IE RC2IE RC1IF RC2IF TMR6MD SREN SREN Bit 4 CKTXP CKTXP INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP TX1IE TX2IE TX1IF TX2IF TMR5MD CREN CREN Bit 3 BRG16 BRG16 RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF CTMUIF TMR4MD ADDEN ADDEN Bit 2 -- -- TMR0IF CCP1IP CCP1IE CCP1IF Bit 1 WUE WUE INT0IF TMR2IP TMR2IE TMR2IF Bit 0 ABDEN ABDEN RBIF TMR1IP TMR1IE TMR1IF Register on Page 274 274 115 127 129 123 125 118 120 56 273 273 -- -- -- -- TMR5GIP TMR3GIP TMR1GIP TMR5GIE TMR3GIE TMR1GIE TMR5GIF TMR3GIF TMR1GIF TMR3MD TMR2MD TMR1MD FERR FERR OERR OERR RX9D RX9D EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 TXEN TXEN TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 SYNC SYNC TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 SENDB SENDB TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 BRGH BRGH TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRMT TRMT TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TX9D TX9D 154 154 154 -- EUSART1 Transmit Register EUSART2 Transmit Register 272 -- 272 -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for synchronous master transmission. 1: PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2: PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 285 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.4.1.6 Synchronous Master Reception Data is received at the RXx/DTx pin. The RXx/DTx pin output driver must be disabled by setting the corresponding TRIS bits when the EUSART is configured for synchronous master receive operation. In Synchronous mode, reception is enabled by setting either the Single Receive Enable bit (SREN of the RCSTAx register) or the Continuous Receive Enable bit (CREN of the RCSTAx register). When SREN is set and CREN is clear, only as many clock cycles are generated as there are data bits in a single character. The SREN bit is automatically cleared at the completion of one character. When CREN is set, clocks are continuously generated until CREN is cleared. If CREN is cleared in the middle of a character the CK clock stops immediately and the partial character is discarded. If SREN and CREN are both set, then SREN is cleared at the completion of the first character and CREN takes precedence. To initiate reception, set either SREN or CREN. Data is sampled at the RXx/DTx pin on the trailing edge of the TXx/CKx clock pin and is shifted into the Receive Shift Register (RSR). When a complete character is received into the RSR, the RCxIF bit is set and the character is automatically transferred to the two character receive FIFO. The Least Significant eight bits of the top character in the receive FIFO are available in RCREGx. The RCxIF bit remains set as long as there are un-read characters in the receive FIFO. If the overrun occurred when the CREN bit is set then the error condition is cleared by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTAx register or by clearing the SPEN bit which resets the EUSART. 16.4.1.9 Receiving 9-bit Characters The EUSART supports 9-bit character reception. When the RX9 bit of the RCSTAx register is set the EUSART will shift 9-bits into the RSR for each character received. The RX9D bit of the RCSTAx register is the ninth, and Most Significant, data bit of the top unread character in the receive FIFO. When reading 9-bit data from the receive FIFO buffer, the RX9D data bit must be read before reading the 8 Least Significant bits from the RCREGx. 16.4.1.10 1. Synchronous Master Reception Setup: 16.4.1.7 Slave Clock Synchronous data transfers use a separate clock line, which is synchronous with the data. A device configured as a slave receives the clock on the TXx/CKx line. The TXx/CKx pin output driver must be disabled by setting the associated TRIS bit when the device is configured for synchronous slave transmit or receive operation. Serial data bits change on the leading edge to ensure they are valid at the trailing edge of each clock. One data bit is transferred for each clock cycle. Only as many clock cycles should be received as there are data bits. 16.4.1.8 Receive Overrun Error The receive FIFO buffer can hold two characters. An overrun error will be generated if a third character, in its entirety, is received before RCREGx is read to access the FIFO. When this happens the OERR bit of the RCSTAx register is set. Previous data in the FIFO will not be overwritten. The two characters in the FIFO buffer can be read, however, no additional characters will be received until the error is cleared. The OERR bit can only be cleared by clearing the overrun condition. If the overrun error occurred when the SREN bit is set and CREN is clear then the error is cleared by reading RCREGx. Initialize the SPBRGHx, SPBRGx register pair for the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate. 2. Set the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx TRIS controls to `1'. 3. Enable the synchronous master serial port by setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC. Disable RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx output drivers by setting the corresponding TRIS bits. 4. Ensure bits CREN and SREN are clear. 5. If using interrupts, set the GIE/GIEH and PEIE/ GIEL bits of the INTCON register and set RCxIE. 6. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit RX9. 7. Start reception by setting the SREN bit or for continuous reception, set the CREN bit. 8. Interrupt flag bit RCxIF will be set when reception of a character is complete. An interrupt will be generated if the enable bit RCxIE was set. 9. Read the RCSTAx register to get the ninth bit (if enabled) and determine if any error occurred during reception. 10. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the RCREGx register. 11. If an overrun error occurs, clear the error by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTAx register or by clearing the SPEN bit which resets the EUSART. DS41412B-page 286 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 16-12: RXx/DTx pin TXx/CKx pin (SCKP = 0) TXx/CKx pin (SCKP = 1) Write to bit SREN SREN bit CREN bit `0' RCxIF bit (Interrupt) Read RCREGx Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1 and bit BRGH = 0. `0' SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN) bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 TABLE 16-8: Name BAUDCON1 BAUDCON2 INTCON IPR1 IPR3 PIE1 PIE3 PIR1 PIR3 PMD0 RCREG1 RCSTA1 RCREG2 RCSTA2 SPBRG1 SPBRGH1 SPBRG2 SPBRGH2 TXSTA1 TXSTA2 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION Bit 7 ABDOVF ABDOVF -- SSP2IP -- SSP2IE -- SSP2IF Bit 6 RCIDL RCIDL ADIP BCL2IP ADIE BCL2IE ADIF BCL2IF Bit 5 DTRXP DTRXP TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP RC1IE RC2IE RC1IF RC2IF Bit 4 CKTXP CKTXP INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP TX1IE TX2IE TX1IF TX2IF Bit 3 BRG16 BRG16 RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF CTMUIF TMR4MD ADDEN ADDEN Bit 2 -- -- TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR5GIP CCP1IE TMR5GIE CCP1IF TMR5GIF TMR3MD FERR FERR Bit 1 WUE WUE INT0IF TMR2IP TMR2IE TMR2IF TMR3GIF TMR2MD OERR OERR Bit 0 ABDEN ABDEN RBIF TMR1IP TMR1IE TMR1IF TMR1GIF TMR1MD RX9D RX9D Register on Page 274 274 115 127 129 123 125 118 120 56 -- GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR3GIP TMR1GIP TMR3GIE TMR1GIE UART2MD UART1MD TMR6MD TMR5MD SPEN SPEN RX9 RX9 SREN SREN CREN CREN EUSART1 Receive Register EUSART2 Receive Register EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte CSRC CSRC TX9 TX9 TXEN TXEN SYNC SYNC SENDB SENDB BRGH BRGH TRMT TRMT TX9D TX9D 273 -- 273 -- -- -- -- 272 272 Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for synchronous master reception. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 287 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.4.2 SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE MODE The following bits are used to configure the EUSART for Synchronous slave operation: * * * * * SYNC = 1 CSRC = 0 SREN = 0 (for transmit); SREN = 1 (for receive) CREN = 0 (for transmit); CREN = 1 (for receive) SPEN = 1 If two words are written to the TXREGx and then the SLEEP instruction is executed, the following will occur: 1. 2. 3. 4. The first character will immediately transfer to the TSR register and transmit. The second word will remain in TXREGx register. The TXxIF bit will not be set. After the first character has been shifted out of TSR, the TXREGx register will transfer the second character to the TSR and the TXxIF bit will now be set. If the PEIE/GIEL and TXxIE bits are set, the interrupt will wake the device from Sleep and execute the next instruction. If the GIE/GIEH bit is also set, the program will call the Interrupt Service Routine. Setting the SYNC bit of the TXSTAx register configures the device for synchronous operation. Clearing the CSRC bit of the TXSTAx register configures the device as a slave. Clearing the SREN and CREN bits of the RCSTAx register ensures that the device is in the Transmit mode, otherwise the device will be configured to receive. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTAx register enables the EUSART. If the RXx/DTx or TXx/CKx pins are shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O functions must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bits. RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pin output drivers must be disabled by setting the corresponding TRIS bits. 5. 16.4.2.2 1. 2. 3. 4. Synchronous Slave Transmission Set-up: 16.4.2.1 EUSART Synchronous Slave Transmit The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave modes are identical (see Section 16.4.1.3 "Synchronous Master Transmission"), except in the case of the Sleep mode. 5. 6. 7. 8. Set the SYNC and SPEN bits and clear the CSRC bit. Set the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx TRIS controls to `1'. Clear the CREN and SREN bits. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE/GIEH and PEIE/GIEL bits of the INTCON register are set and set the TXxIE bit. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 bit. Enable transmission by setting the TXEN bit. If 9-bit transmission is selected, insert the Most Significant bit into the TX9D bit. Start transmission by writing the Least Significant 8 bits to the TXREGx register. DS41412B-page 288 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 16-9: Name BAUDCON1 BAUDCON2 INTCON IPR1 IPR3 PIE1 PIE3 PIR1 PIR3 PMD0 RCSTA1 RCSTA2 SPBRG1 SPBRGH1 SPBRG2 SPBRGH2 TRISB(2) TRISC TRISD(1) TXREG1 TXSTA1 TXREG2 TXSTA2 CSRC TX9 CSRC TX9 TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION Bit 7 ABDOVF ABDOVF GIE/GIEH -- SSP2IP -- SSP2IE -- SSP2IF UART2MD SPEN SPEN Bit 6 RCIDL RCIDL PEIE/GIEL ADIP BCL2IP ADIE BCL2IE ADIF BCL2IF UART1MD RX9 RX9 Bit 5 DTRXP DTRXP TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP RC1IE RC2IE RC1IF RC2IF SREN SREN Bit 4 CKTXP CKTXP INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP TX1IE TX2IE TX1IF TX2IF CREN CREN Bit 3 BRG16 BRG16 RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF CTMUIF ADDEN ADDEN Bit 2 -- -- TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR5GIP CCP1IE TMR5GIE CCP1IF TMR5GIF TMR3MD FERR FERR Bit 1 WUE WUE INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3GIP TMR2IE TMR3GIE TMR2IF TMR3GIF TMR2MD OERR OERR Bit 0 ABDEN ABDEN RBIF TMR1IP TMR1GIP TMR1IE TMR1GIE TMR1IF TMR1GIF TMR1MD RX9D RX9D Register on Page 274 274 115 127 129 123 125 118 120 56 273 273 -- -- -- -- TMR6MD TMR5MD TMR4MD EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 TXEN TXEN TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 SYNC SYNC TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 SENDB SENDB TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 BRGH BRGH TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRMT TRMT TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TX9D TX9D 154 154 154 -- EUSART1 Transmit Register EUSART2 Transmit Register 272 -- 272 Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for synchronous slave transmission. Note 1: PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2: PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 289 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 16.4.2.3 EUSART Synchronous Slave Reception 16.4.2.4 1. 2. 3. Synchronous Slave Reception Setup: The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave modes is identical (Section 16.4.1.6 "Synchronous Master Reception"), with the following exceptions: * Sleep * CREN bit is always set, therefore the receiver is never Idle * SREN bit, which is a "don't care" in Slave mode A character may be received while in Sleep mode by setting the CREN bit prior to entering Sleep. Once the word is received, the RSR register will transfer the data to the RCREGx register. If the RCxIE enable bit is set, the interrupt generated will wake the device from Sleep and execute the next instruction. If the GIE/GIEH bit is also set, the program will branch to the interrupt vector. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Set the SYNC and SPEN bits and clear the CSRC bit. Set the RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx TRIS controls to `1'. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE/GIEH and PEIE/GIEL bits of the INTCON register are set and set the RCxIE bit. If 9-bit reception is desired, set the RX9 bit. Set the CREN bit to enable reception. The RCxIF bit will be set when reception is complete. An interrupt will be generated if the RCxIE bit was set. If 9-bit mode is enabled, retrieve the Most Significant bit from the RX9D bit of the RCSTAx register. Retrieve the 8 Least Significant bits from the receive FIFO by reading the RCREGx register. If an overrun error occurs, clear the error by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTAx register or by clearing the SPEN bit which resets the EUSART. TABLE 16-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION Name BAUDCON1 BAUDCON2 INTCON IPR1 IPR3 PIE1 PIE3 PIR1 PIR3 PMD0 RCREG1 RCSTA1 RCREG2 RCSTA2 SPBRG1 SPBRGH1 SPBRG2 SPBRGH2 TXSTA1 TXSTA2 Legend: CSRC CSRC TX9 TX9 SPEN RX9 SREN SPEN RX9 SREN Bit 7 ABDOVF ABDOVF GIE/GIEH -- SSP2IP -- SSP2IE -- SSP2IF Bit 6 RCIDL RCIDL PEIE/GIEL ADIP BCL2IP ADIE BCL2IE ADIF BCL2IF Bit 5 DTRXP DTRXP TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP RC1IE RC2IE RC1IF RC2IF Bit 4 CKTXP CKTXP INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP TX1IE TX2IE TX1IF TX2IF Bit 3 BRG16 BRG16 RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP SSP1IE CTMUIE SSP1IF CTMUIF TMR4MD ADDEN ADDEN Bit 2 -- -- TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR5GIP CCP1IE TMR5GIE CCP1IF TMR5GIF TMR3MD FERR FERR Bit 1 WUE WUE INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3GIP TMR2IE TMR3GIE TMR2IF TMR3GIF TMR2MD OERR OERR Bit 0 ABDEN ABDEN RBIF TMR1IP TMR1GIP TMR1IE TMR1GIE TMR1IF TMR1GIF TMR1MD RX9D RX9D Register on Page 274 274 115 127 129 123 125 118 120 56 -- UART2MD UART1MD TMR6MD TMR5MD CREN CREN EUSART1 Receive Register EUSART2 Receive Register EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, Low Byte EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator, High Byte TXEN TXEN SYNC SYNC SENDB SENDB BRGH BRGH TRMT TRMT TX9D TX9D 273 -- 273 -- -- -- -- 272 272 -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used for synchronous slave reception. DS41412B-page 290 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) MODULE The ADC voltage reference is software selectable to either VDD or a voltage applied to the external reference pins. The ADC can generate an interrupt upon completion of a conversion. This interrupt can be used to wake-up the device from Sleep. Figure 17-1 shows the block diagram of the ADC. The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) allows conversion of an analog input signal to a 10-bit binary representation of that signal. This device uses analog inputs, which are multiplexed into a single sample and hold circuit. The output of the sample and hold is connected to the input of the converter. The converter generates a 10-bit binary result via successive approximation and stores the conversion result into the ADC result registers (ADRESL and ADRESH). FIGURE 17-1: ADC BLOCK DIAGRAM 5 CHS<4:0> FVR BUF2 CTMU Reserved AN28(1) AN27(1) 11111 11110 11101 11100 11011 ADCMD AN5(1) AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 00101 00100 00011 00010 00001 00000 2 ADFM 10-Bit ADC ADON GO/DONE 10 0 = Left Justify 1 = Right Justify 10 PVCFG<1:0> ADRESH ADRESL AVDD VREF+/AN3 FVR BUF2 Reserved 00 01 10 11 2 NVCFG<1:0> AVSS VREF-/AN2 Reserved Reserved 00 01 10 11 Note: Additional ADC channels AN5-AN7 and AN20-AN27 are only available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 291 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.1 ADC Configuration 17.1.3 ADC VOLTAGE REFERENCE When configuring and using the ADC the following functions must be considered: * * * * * * Port configuration Channel selection ADC voltage reference selection ADC conversion clock source Interrupt control Results formatting The PVCFG<1:0> and NVCFG<1:0> bits of the ADCON1 register provide independent control of the positive and negative voltage references. The positive voltage reference can be: * VDD * the fixed voltage reference (FVR BUF2) * an external voltage source (VREF+) The negative voltage reference can be: * VSS * an external voltage source (VREF-) 17.1.1 PORT CONFIGURATION The ANSELx and TRISx registers configure the A/D port pins. Any port pin needed as an analog input should have its corresponding ANSx bit set to disable the digital input buffer and TRISx bit set to disable the digital output driver. If the TRISx bit is cleared, the digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be converted. The A/D operation is independent of the state of the ANSx bits and the TRIS bits. Note 1: When reading the PORT register, all pins with their corresponding ANSx bit set read as cleared (a low level). However, analog conversion of pins configured as digital inputs (ANSx bit cleared and TRISx bit set) will be accurately converted. 2: Analog levels on any pin with the corresponding ANSx bit cleared may cause the digital input buffer to consume current out of the device's specification limits. 3: The PBADEN bit in Configuration Register 3H configures PORTB pins to reset as analog or digital pins by controlling how the bits in ANSELB are reset. 17.1.4 SELECTING AND CONFIGURING ACQUISITION TIME The ADCON2 register allows the user to select an acquisition time that occurs each time the GO/DONE bit is set. Acquisition time is set with the ACQT<2:0> bits of the ADCON2 register. Acquisition delays cover a range of 2 to 20 TAD. When the GO/DONE bit is set, the A/D module continues to sample the input for the selected acquisition time, then automatically begins a conversion. Since the acquisition time is programmed, there is no need to wait for an acquisition time between selecting a channel and setting the GO/DONE bit. Manual acquisition is selected when ACQT<2:0> = 000. When the GO/DONE bit is set, sampling is stopped and a conversion begins. The user is responsible for ensuring the required acquisition time has passed between selecting the desired input channel and setting the GO/DONE bit. This option is also the default Reset state of the ACQT<2:0> bits and is compatible with devices that do not offer programmable acquisition times. In either case, when the conversion is completed, the GO/DONE bit is cleared, the ADIF flag is set and the A/D begins sampling the currently selected channel again. When an acquisition time is programmed, there is no indication of when the acquisition time ends and the conversion begins. 17.1.2 CHANNEL SELECTION The CHS bits of the ADCON0 register determine which channel is connected to the sample and hold circuit. When changing channels, a delay is required before starting the next conversion. Refer to Section 17.2 "ADC Operation" for more information. DS41412B-page 292 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.1.5 CONVERSION CLOCK 17.1.6 INTERRUPTS The source of the conversion clock is software selectable via the ADCS bits of the ADCON2 register. There are seven possible clock options: * * * * * * * FOSC/2 FOSC/4 FOSC/8 FOSC/16 FOSC/32 FOSC/64 FRC (dedicated internal oscillator) The ADC module allows for the ability to generate an interrupt upon completion of an Analog-to-Digital Conversion. The ADC interrupt enable is the ADIE bit in the PIE1 register and the interrupt priority is the ADIP bit in the IPR1 register. The ADC interrupt flag is the ADIF bit in the PIR1 register. The ADIF bit must be cleared by software. Note: The ADIF bit is set at the completion of every conversion, regardless of whether or not the ADC interrupt is enabled. The time to complete one bit conversion is defined as TAD. One full 10-bit conversion requires 11 TAD periods as shown in Figure 17-3. For correct conversion, the appropriate TAD specification must be met. See A/D conversion requirements in Table 27-24 for more information. Table gives examples of appropriate ADC clock selections. Note: Unless using the FRC, any changes in the system clock frequency will change the ADC clock frequency, which may adversely affect the ADC result. This interrupt can be generated while the device is operating or while in Sleep. If the device is in Sleep, the interrupt will wake-up the device. Upon waking from Sleep, the next instruction following the SLEEP instruction is always executed. If the user is attempting to wake-up from Sleep and resume in-line code execution, the global interrupt must be disabled. If the global interrupt is enabled, execution will switch to the Interrupt Service Routine. TABLE 17-1: ADC CLOCK PERIOD (TAD) VS. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES Device Frequency (FOSC) 64 MHz 31.25 ns(2) 62.5 ns(2) 400 ns(2) 250 ns(2) 500 ns(2) 1.0 s 1-4 s(1,4) 16 MHz 125 ns(2) 250 ns(2) 500 ns(2) 1.0 s 2.0 s 4.0 s(3) 1-4 s(1,4) 4 MHz 500 ns(2) 1.0 s 2.0 s 4.0 16.0 s(3) s(3) 8.0 s(3) 1-4 s(1,4) 1 MHz 2.0 s 4.0 s(3) 8.0 s(3) 16.0 s(3) 32.0 s(3) 64.0 s(3) 1-4 s(1,4) ADCS<2:0> 000 100 001 101 010 110 x11 ADC Clock Period (TAD) ADC Clock Source FOSC/2 FOSC/4 FOSC/8 FOSC/16 FOSC/32 FOSC/64 FRC Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Shaded cells are outside of recommended range. The FRC source has a typical TAD time of 1.7 s. These values violate the minimum required TAD time. For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended. When the device frequency is greater than 1 MHz, the FRC clock source is only recommended if the conversion will be performed during Sleep. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 293 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.1.7 RESULT FORMATTING The 10-bit A/D conversion result can be supplied in two formats, left justified or right justified. The ADFM bit of the ADCON2 register controls the output format. Figure 17-2 shows the two output formats. FIGURE 17-2: 10-BIT A/D CONVERSION RESULT FORMAT ADRESH ADRESL LSB bit 0 10-bit A/D Result bit 7 bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' LSB bit 0 bit 7 10-bit A/D Result bit 0 (ADFM = 0) MSB bit 7 (ADFM = 1) bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as `0' MSB DS41412B-page 294 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.2 17.2.1 ADC Operation STARTING A CONVERSION To enable the ADC module, the ADON bit of the ADCON0 register must be set to a `1'. Setting the GO/ DONE bit of the ADCON0 register to a `1' will, depending on the ACQT bits of the ADCON2 register, either immediately start the Analog-to-Digital conversion or start an acquisition delay followed by the Analog-toDigital conversion. Figure 17-3 shows the operation of the A/D converter after the GO bit has been set and the ACQT<2:0> bits are cleared. A conversion is started after the following instruction to allow entry into SLEEP mode before the conversion begins. Figure 17-4 shows the operation of the A/D converter after the GO bit has been set and the ACQT<2:0> bits are set to `010' which selects a 4 TAD acquisition time before the conversion starts. Note: The GO/DONE bit should not be set in the same instruction that turns on the ADC. Refer to Section 17.2.10 "A/D Conversion Procedure". FIGURE 17-3: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 000, TACQ = 0) TCY - TAD TAD1 TAD2 TAD3 TAD4 TAD5 TAD6 TAD7 TAD8 TAD9 TAD10 TAD11 2 TAD b4 b1 b0 b6 b7 b2 b9 b8 b3 b5 Conversion starts Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input (typically 100 ns) Set GO bit On the following cycle: ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO bit is cleared, ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input. Discharge FIGURE 17-4: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 010, TACQ = 4 TAD) TAD Cycles 4 1 2 b9 3 b8 4 b7 5 b6 6 b5 7 b4 8 b3 9 b2 10 b1 11 b0 Discharge 2 TAD TACQT Cycles 1 2 3 Automatic Acquisition Time Conversion starts (Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input) Set GO bit (Holding capacitor continues acquiring input) On the following cycle: ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO bit is cleared, ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 295 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.2.2 COMPLETION OF A CONVERSION 17.2.7 ADC OPERATION DURING SLEEP When the conversion is complete, the ADC module will: * Clear the GO/DONE bit * Set the ADIF flag bit * Update the ADRESH:ADRESL registers with new conversion result The ADC module can operate during Sleep. This requires the ADC clock source to be set to the FRC option. When the FRC clock source is selected, the ADC waits one additional instruction before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed, which can reduce system noise during the conversion. If the ADC interrupt is enabled, the device will wake-up from Sleep when the conversion completes. If the ADC interrupt is disabled, the ADC module is turned off after the conversion completes, although the ADON bit remains set. When the ADC clock source is something other than FRC, a SLEEP instruction causes the present conversion to be aborted and the ADC module is turned off, although the ADON bit remains set. 17.2.3 DISCHARGE The discharge phase is used to initialize the value of the capacitor array. The array is discharged after every sample. This feature helps to optimize the unity-gain amplifier, as the circuit always needs to charge the capacitor array, rather than charge/discharge based on previous measure values. 17.2.4 TERMINATING A CONVERSION If a conversion must be terminated before completion, the GO/DONE bit can be cleared by software. The ADRESH:ADRESL registers will not be updated with the partially complete Analog-to-Digital conversion sample. Instead, the ADRESH:ADRESL register pair will retain the value of the previous conversion. Note: A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state. Thus, the ADC module is turned off and any pending conversion is terminated. 17.2.8 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER Two Special Event Triggers are available to start an A/D conversion: CTMU and CCP5. The Special Event Trigger source is selected using the TRIGSEL bit in ADCON1. When TRIGSEL = 0, the CCP5 module is selected as the Special Event Trigger source. To enable the Special Event Trigger in the CCP module, set CCP5M<3:0> = 1011, in the CCP5CON register. When TRIGSEL = 1, the CTMU module is selected. The CTMU module requires that the CTTRIG bit in CTMUCONH is set to enable the Special Event Trigger. In addition to TRIGSEL bit, the following steps are required to start an A/D conversion: * The A/D module must be enabled (ADON = 1) * The appropriate analog input channel selected * The minimum acquisition period set one of these ways: - Timing provided by the user - Selection made of an appropriate TACQ time With these conditions met, the trigger sets the GO/DONE bit and the A/D acquisition starts. If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON = 0), the module ignores the Special Event Trigger. 17.2.5 DELAY BETWEEN CONVERSIONS After the A/D conversion is completed or aborted, a 2 TAD wait is required before the next acquisition can be started. After this wait, the currently selected channel is reconnected to the charge holding capacitor commencing the next acquisition. 17.2.6 ADC OPERATION IN POWERMANAGED MODES The selection of the automatic acquisition time and A/D conversion clock is determined in part by the clock source and frequency while in a power-managed mode. If the A/D is expected to operate while the device is in a power-managed mode, the ACQT<2:0> and ADCS<2:0> bits in ADCON2 should be updated in accordance with the clock source to be used in that mode. After entering the mode, an A/D acquisition or conversion may be started. Once started, the device should continue to be clocked by the same clock source until the conversion has been completed. If desired, the device may be placed into the corresponding Idle mode during the conversion. If the device clock frequency is less than 1 MHz, the A/D FRC clock source should be selected. 17.2.9 PERIPHERAL MODULE DISABLE When a peripheral module is not used or inactive, the module can be disabled by setting the Module Disable bit in the PMD registers. This will reduce power consumption to an absolute minimum. Setting the PMD bits holds the module in Reset and disconnects the module's clock source. The Module Disable bit for the ADC module is ADCMD in the PMD2 Register. See Section 3.0 "Power-Managed Modes" for more information. DS41412B-page 296 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.2.10 A/D CONVERSION PROCEDURE EXAMPLE 17-1: A/D CONVERSION This is an example procedure for using the ADC to perform an Analog-to-Digital conversion: 1. Configure Port: * Disable pin output driver (See TRIS register) * Configure pin as analog Configure the ADC module: * Select ADC conversion clock * Configure voltage reference * Select ADC input channel * Select result format * Select acquisition delay * Turn on ADC module Configure ADC interrupt (optional): * Clear ADC interrupt flag * Enable ADC interrupt * Enable peripheral interrupt * Enable global interrupt(1) Wait the required acquisition time(2). Start conversion by setting the GO/DONE bit. Wait for ADC conversion to complete by one of the following: * Polling the GO/DONE bit * Waiting for the ADC interrupt (interrupts enabled) Read ADC Result Clear the ADC interrupt flag (required if interrupt is enabled). Note 1: The global interrupt can be disabled if the user is attempting to wake-up from Sleep and resume in-line code execution. 2: Software delay required if ACQT bits are set to zero delay. See Section 17.3 "A/D Acquisition Requirements". ;This code block configures the ADC ;for polling, Vdd and Vss as reference, Frc clock and AN0 input. ; ;Conversion start & polling for completion ; are included. ; MOVLW B'10101111' ;right justify, Frc, MOVWF ADCON2 ; & 12 TAD ACQ time MOVLW B'00000000' ;ADC ref = Vdd,Vss MOVWF ADCON1 ; BSF TRISA,0 ;Set RA0 to input BSF ANSEL,0 ;Set RA0 to analog MOVLW B'00000001' ;AN0, ADC on MOVWF ADCON0 ; BSF ADCON0,GO ;Start conversion ADCPoll: BTFSC ADCON0,GO ;Is conversion done? BRA ADCPoll ;No, test again ; Result is complete - store 2 MSbits in ; RESULTHI and 8 LSbits in RESULTLO MOVFF ADRESH,RESULTHI MOVFF ADRESL,RESULTLO 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 297 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.2.11 ADC REGISTER DEFINITIONS The following registers are used to control the operation of the ADC. Note: Analog pin control is determined by the ANSELx registers (see Register 10-2) REGISTER 17-1: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6-2 ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 CHS<4:0> R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 GO/DONE R/W-0 ADON bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Unimplemented: Read as `0' CHS<4:0>: Analog Channel Select bits 00000 = AN0 00001 = AN1 00010 = AN2 00011 = AN3 00100 = AN4 00101 = AN5(1) 00110 = AN6(1) 00111 = AN7(1) 01000 = AN8 01001 = AN9 01010 = AN10 01011 = AN11 01100 = AN12 01101 = AN13 01110 = AN14 01111 = AN15 10000 = AN16 10001 = AN17 10010 = AN18 10011 = AN19 10100 = AN20(1) 10101 = AN21(1) 10110 = AN22(1) 10111 = AN23(1) 11000 = AN24(1) 11001 = AN25(1) 11010 = AN26(1) 11011 = AN27(1) 11100 = Reserved 11101 = CTMU 11110 = DAC 11111 = FVR BUF2 (1.024V/2.048V/2.096V Volt Fixed Voltage Reference)(2) GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit 1 = A/D conversion cycle in progress. Setting this bit starts an A/D conversion cycle. This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D conversion has completed. 0 = A/D conversion completed/not in progress bit 1 DS41412B-page 298 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 17-1: bit 0 ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0 (CONTINUED) ADON: ADC Enable bit 1 = ADC is enabled 0 = ADC is disabled and consumes no operating current Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. Allow greater than 15 s acquisition time when measuring the Fixed Voltage Reference. Note 1: 2: REGISTER 17-2: R/W-0 TRIGSEL bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 ADCON1: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 1 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 PVCFG<1:0> NVCFG<1:0> W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown TRIGSEL: Special Trigger Select bit 1 = Selects the special trigger from CTMU 0 = Selects the special trigger from CCP5 Unimplemented: Read as `0' PVCFG<1:0>: Positive Voltage Reference Configuration bits 00 = A/D VREF+ connected to internal signal, AVDD 01 = A/D VREF+ connected to external pin, VREF+ 10 = A/D VREF+ connected to internal signal, FVR BUF2 11 = Reserved (by default, A/D VREF+ connected to internal signal, AVDD) NVCFG0<1:0>: Negative Voltage Reference Configuration bits 00 = A/D VREF- connected to internal signal, AVSS 01 = A/D VREF- connected to external pin, VREF10 = Reserved (by default, A/D VREF+ connected to internal signal, AVSS) 11 = Reserved (by default, A/D VREF+ connected to internal signal, AVSS) bit 6-4 bit 3-2 bit 1-0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 299 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 17-3: R/W-0 ADFM bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ADCON2: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 2 U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 ACQT<2:0> R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 ADCS<2:0> bit 0 R/W-0 ADFM: A/D Conversion Result Format Select bit 1 = Right justified 0 = Left justified Unimplemented: Read as `0' ACQT<2:0>: A/D Acquisition time select bits. Acquisition time is the duration that the A/D charge holding capacitor remains connected to A/D channel from the instant the GO/DONE bit is set until conversions begins. 000 = 0(1) 001 = 2 TAD 010 = 4 TAD 011 = 6 TAD 100 = 8 TAD 101 = 12 TAD 110 = 16 TAD 111 = 20 TAD ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits 000 = FOSC/2 001 = FOSC/8 010 = FOSC/32 011 = FRC(1) (clock derived from a dedicated internal oscillator = 600 kHz nominal) 100 = FOSC/4 101 = FOSC/16 110 = FOSC/64 111 = FRC(1) (clock derived from a dedicated internal oscillator = 600 kHz nominal) When the A/D clock source is selected as FRC then the start of conversion is delayed by one instruction cycle after the GO/DONE bit is set to allow the SLEEP instruction to be executed. bit 6 bit 5-3 bit 2-0 Note 1: DS41412B-page 300 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 17-4: R/W-x bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 0 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x bit 0 ADRES<9:2> ADRES<9:2>: ADC Result Register bits Upper 8 bits of 10-bit conversion result REGISTER 17-5: R/W-x bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5-0 ADRES<1:0> ADRESL: ADC RESULT REGISTER LOW (ADRESL) ADFM = 0 R/W-x R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ADRES<1:0>: ADC Result Register bits Lower 2 bits of 10-bit conversion result Reserved: Do not use. REGISTER 17-6: R/W-x -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-2 bit 1-0 ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 1 R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x R/W-x bit 0 ADRES<9:2> W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Reserved: Do not use. ADRES<9:8>: ADC Result Register bits Upper 2 bits of 10-bit conversion result REGISTER 17-7: R/W-x bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0 ADRESL: ADC RESULT REGISTER LOW (ADRESL) ADFM = 1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x bit 0 ADRES<7:0> W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown ADRES<7:0>: ADC Result Register bits Lower 8 bits of 10-bit conversion result 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 301 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 17.3 A/D Acquisition Requirements For the ADC to meet its specified accuracy, the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The Analog Input model is shown in Figure 17-5. The source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time required to charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD), see Figure 17-5. The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. As the source impedance is decreased, the acquisition time may be decreased. After the analog input channel is selected (or changed), an A/D acquisition must be done before the conversion can be started. To calculate the minimum acquisition time, Equation 17-1 may be used. This equation assumes that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the ADC). The 1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the ADC to meet its specified resolution. EQUATION 17-1: Assumptions: ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE Temperature = 50C and external impedance of 10k 3.0V VDD TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time + Hold Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient = TAMP + TC + TCOFF = 5s + TC + Temperature - 25C 0.05s/C The value for TC can be approximated with the following equations: 1 VAPPLIED 1 - ----------- = VCHOLD 2047 --------- RC VAPPLIED 1 - e = VCHOLD -------- 1 RC VAPPLIED 1 - e = VAPPLIED 1 - ----------- 2047 - Tc - TC ;[1] VCHOLD charged to within 1/2 lsb ;[2] VCHOLD charge response to VAPPLIED ;combining [1] and [2] Solving for TC: TC = - CHOLD RIC + RSS + RS ln(1/2047) = - 13.5pF 1k + 700 + 10k ln(0.0004885) = 1.20 s Therefore: TACQ = 5s + 1.20s + 50C- 25C 0.05s/C = 7.45s Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no effect on the equation, since it cancels itself out. 2: The charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) is discharged after each conversion. 3: The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. This is required to meet the pin leakage specification. DS41412B-page 302 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 17-5: ANALOG INPUT MODEL VDD Rs VA ANx CPIN 5 pF RIC 1k I LEAKAGE(1) Discharge Switch 3.5V 3.0V 2.5V 2.0V 1.5V .1 1 10 Rss (k) 100 Sampling Switch SS Rss CHOLD = 13.5 pF VSS/VREF- Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance I LEAKAGE = Leakage current at the pin due to various junctions = Interconnect Resistance RIC SS = Sampling Switch CHOLD = Sample/Hold Capacitance Note 1: See Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics". FIGURE 17-6: ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION Full-Scale Range 3FFh 3FEh 3FDh ADC Output Code 3FCh 3FBh Full-Scale Transition 1/2 LSB ideal 004h 003h 002h 001h 000h 1/2 LSB ideal VDD Analog Input Voltage VSS/VREF- Zero-Scale Transition VDD/VREF+ 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 303 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 17-2: Name ADCON0 ADCON1 ADCON2 ADRESH ADRESL ANSELA ANSELB ANSELC ANSELD(1) ANSELE(1) CCP5CON CTMUCONH INTCON IPR1 IPR3 IPR4 PIE1 PIE3 PIE4 PIR1 PIR3 PIR4 PMD1 PMD2 TRISA TRISB TRISC TRISD(1) TRISE Legend: Note 1: -- -- ANSC7 ANSD7 -- -- CTMUEN GIE/GIEH -- SSP2IP -- -- SSP2IE -- -- SSP2IF -- MSSP2MD -- TRISA7 TRISB7 TRISC7 TRISD7 WPUE3 -- -- ANSC6 ANSD6 -- -- -- PEIE/GIEL ADIP BCL2IP -- ADIE BCL2IE -- ADIF BCL2IF -- MSSP1MD -- TRISA6 TRISB6 TRISC6 TRISD6 -- ANSA5 ANSB5 ANSC5 ANSD5 -- DC5B<1:0> CTMUSIDL TMR0IE RC1IP RC2IP -- RC1IE RC2IE -- RC1IF RC2IF -- -- -- TRISA5 TRISB5 TRISC5 TRISD5 -- TGEN INT0IE TX1IP TX2IP -- TX1IE TX2IE -- TX1IF TX2IF -- CCP5MD -- TRISA4 TRISB4 TRISC4 TRISD4 -- EDGEN RBIE SSP1IP CTMUIP -- SSP1IE CTMUIE -- SSP1IF CTMUIF -- CCP4MD CTMUMD TRISA3 TRISB3 TRISC3 TRISD3 -- REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH A/D OPERATION Bit 7 -- Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 CHS<4:0> -- -- -- -- ACQT<2:0> A/D Result, High Byte A/D Result, Low Byte -- ANSB4 ANSC4 ANSD4 -- ANSA3 ANSB3 ANSC3 ANSD3 -- ANSA2 ANSB2 ANSC2 ANSD2 ANSE2 EDGSEQEN TMR0IF CCP1IP TMR5GIP CCP5IP CCP1IE TMR5GIE CCP5IE CCP1IF TMR5GIF CCP5IF CCP3MD CMP2MD TRISA2 TRISB2 TRISC2 TRISD2 TRISE2(1) ANSA1 ANSB1 -- ANSD1 ANSE1 IDISSEN INT0IF TMR2IP TMR3GIP CCP4IP TMR2IE TMR3GIE CCP4IE TMR2IF TMR3GIF CCP4IF CCP2MD CMP1MD TRISA1 TRISB1 TRISC1 TRISD1 TRISE1(1) ANSA0 ANSB0 -- ANSD0 ANSE0 CTTRIG RBIF TMR1IP TMR1GIP CCP3IP TMR1IE TMR1GIE CCP3IE TMR1IF TMR1GIF CCP3IF CCP1MD ADCMD TRISA0 TRISB0 TRISC0 TRISD0 TRISE0(1) PVCFG<1:0> Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 GO/DONE ADCS<2:0> Bit 0 ADON Register on Page 298 299 300 301 301 152 153 153 153 154 201 329 115 127 129 130 123 125 126 118 120 121 57 58 154 154 154 154 154 TRIGSEL ADFM NVCFG<1:0> CCP5M<3:0> -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by this module. Available on PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices. TABLE 17-3: Name CONFIG3H Legend: CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADC MODULE Bit 7 MCLRE Bit 6 -- Bit 5 P2BMX Bit 4 T3CMX Bit 3 HFOFST Bit 2 CCP3MX Bit 1 PBADEN Bit 0 CCP2MX Register on Page 354 -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by the ADC module. DS41412B-page 304 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 18.0 COMPARATOR MODULE FIGURE 18-1: VIN+ VIN- SINGLE COMPARATOR + - Output Comparators are used to interface analog circuits to a digital circuit by comparing two analog voltages and providing a digital indication of their relative magnitudes. The comparators are very useful mixed signal building blocks because they provide analog functionality independent of the program execution. The analog comparator module includes the following features: * * * * * * * * * * Independent comparator control Programmable input selection Comparator output is available internally/externally Programmable output polarity Interrupt-on-change Wake-up from Sleep Programmable Speed/Power optimization PWM shutdown Programmable and fixed voltage reference Selectable Hysteresis VINVIN+ Output Note: The black areas of the output of the comparator represents the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time. 18.1 Comparator Overview A single comparator is shown in Figure 18-1 along with the relationship between the analog input levels and the digital output. When the analog voltage at VIN+ is less than the analog voltage at VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital low level. When the analog voltage at VIN+ is greater than the analog voltage at VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital high level. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 305 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 18-2: COMPARATOR C1/C2 SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM CxCH<1:0> 2 C12IN0C12IN1C12IN2C12IN30 1 2 3 CxR CxIN+ DAC 0 0 1 CXVREF 0 CXRSEL Timer1 Clock SYNCCxOUT - to SR Latch - to TxG MUX(4) D Q 1 CxOUT CxPOL Read or Write of CMxCON0 CxVINCxVIN+ CxON(1) CxSP D Cx + Q3(2) D Q To Interrupts (CxIF) Q1 (2),(3) Q To CMxCON0 (CxOUT) CM2CON1 (MCxOUT) EN EN CL Reset Cx Output to PWM Logic TRIS bit CxSYNC FVR BUF1 1 CxOE Note 1: 2: 3: 4: When C1ON = 0, the C1 comparator will produce a `0' output to the XOR Gate. Q1 and Q3 are phases of the four-phase system clock (FOSC). Q1 is held high during Sleep mode. Synchronized comparator output should not be used to gate Timer1 in conjunction with synchronized T1CKI. DS41412B-page 306 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 18.2 Comparator Control Note 1: The CxOE bit overrides the PORT data latch. Setting the CxON has no impact on the port override. 2: The internal output of the comparator is latched with each instruction cycle. Unless otherwise specified, external outputs are not latched. Each comparator has a separate control and Configuration register: CM1CON0 for Comparator C1 and CM2CON0 for Comparator C2. In addition, Comparator C2 has a second control register, CM2CON1, for controlling the interaction with Timer1 and simultaneous reading of both comparator outputs. The CM1CON0 and CM2CON0 registers (see Registers 18-1 and 18-2, respectively) contain the control and status bits for the following: * * * * * * Enable Input selection Reference selection Output selection Output polarity Speed selection 18.2.5 COMPARATOR OUTPUT POLARITY Inverting the output of the comparator is functionally equivalent to swapping the comparator inputs. The polarity of the comparator output can be inverted by setting the CxPOL bit of the CMxCON0 register. Clearing the CxPOL bit results in a non-inverted output. Table 18-1 shows the output state versus input conditions, including polarity control. 18.2.1 COMPARATOR ENABLE TABLE 18-1: Setting the CxON bit of the CMxCON0 register enables the comparator for operation. Clearing the CxON bit disables the comparator resulting in minimum current consumption. COMPARATOR OUTPUT STATE VS. INPUT CONDITIONS CxPOL 0 0 1 1 CxOUT 0 1 1 0 Input Condition CxVIN- > CxVIN+ CxVIN- < CxVIN+ CxVIN- > CxVIN+ CxVIN- < CxVIN+ 18.2.2 COMPARATOR INPUT SELECTION The CxCH<1:0> bits of the CMxCON0 register direct one of four analog input pins to the comparator inverting input. Note: To use CxIN+ and C12INx- pins as analog inputs, the appropriate bits must be set in the ANSEL register and the corresponding TRIS bits must also be set to disable the output drivers. 18.2.6 COMPARATOR SPEED SELECTION 18.2.3 COMPARATOR REFERENCE SELECTION The trade-off between speed or power can be optimized during program execution with the CxSP control bit. The default state for this bit is `1' which selects the normal speed mode. Device power consumption can be optimized at the cost of slower comparator propagation delay by clearing the CxSP bit to `0'. Setting the CxR bit of the CMxCON0 register directs an internal voltage reference or an analog input pin to the non-inverting input of the comparator. See Section 21.0 "Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR)" for more information on the Internal Voltage Reference module. 18.3 Comparator Response Time 18.2.4 COMPARATOR OUTPUT SELECTION The output of the comparator can be monitored by reading either the CxOUT bit of the CMxCON0 register or the MCxOUT bit of the CM2CON1 register. In order to make the output available for an external connection, the following conditions must be true: * CxOE bit of the CMxCON0 register must be set * Corresponding TRIS bit must be cleared * CxON bit of the CMxCON0 register must be set The comparator output is indeterminate for a period of time after the change of an input source or the selection of a new reference voltage. This period is referred to as the response time. The response time of the comparator differs from the settling time of the voltage reference. Therefore, both of these times must be considered when determining the total response time to a comparator input change. See the Comparator and Voltage Reference Specifications in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for more details. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 307 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 18.4 Comparator Interrupt Operation 18.4.1 The comparator interrupt flag will be set whenever there is a change in the output value of the comparator. Changes are recognized by means of a mismatch circuit which consists of two latches and an exclusiveor gate (see Figure 18-2). The first latch is updated with the comparator output value, when the CMxCON0 register is read or written. The value is latched on the third cycle of the system clock, also known as Q3. This first latch retains the comparator value until another read or write of the CMxCON0 register occurs or a Reset takes place. The second latch is updated with the comparator output value on every first cycle of the system clock, also known as Q1. When the output value of the comparator changes, the second latch is updated and the output values of both latches no longer match one another, resulting in a mismatch condition. The latch outputs are fed directly into the inputs of an exclusive-or gate. This mismatch condition is detected by the exclusive-or gate and sent to the interrupt circuitry. The mismatch condition will persist until the first latch value is updated by performing a read of the CMxCON0 register or the comparator output returns to the previous state. Note 1: A write operation to the CMxCON0 register will also clear the mismatch condition because all writes include a read operation at the beginning of the write cycle. 2: Comparator interrupts will operate correctly regardless of the state of CxOE. When the mismatch condition occurs, the comparator interrupt flag is set. The interrupt flag is triggered by the edge of the changing value coming from the exclusiveor gate. This means that the interrupt flag can be reset once it is triggered without the additional step of reading or writing the CMxCON0 register to clear the mismatch latches. When the mismatch registers are cleared, an interrupt will occur upon the comparator's return to the previous state, otherwise no interrupt will be generated. Software will need to maintain information about the status of the comparator output, as read from the CMxCON0 register, or CM2CON1 register, to determine the actual change that has occurred. See Figures 18-3 and 18-4. The CxIF bit of the PIR2 register is the comparator interrupt flag. This bit must be reset by software by clearing it to `0'. Since it is also possible to write a `1' to this register, an interrupt can be generated. In mid-range Compatibility mode the CxIE bit of the PIE2 register and the PEIE/GIEL and GIE/GIEH bits of the INTCON register must all be set to enable comparator interrupts. If any of these bits are cleared, the interrupt is not enabled, although the CxIF bit of the PIR2 register will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs. PRESETTING THE MISMATCH LATCHES The comparator mismatch latches can be preset to the desired state before the comparators are enabled. When the comparator is off the CxPOL bit controls the CxOUT level. Set the CxPOL bit to the desired CxOUT non-interrupt level while the CxON bit is cleared. Then, configure the desired CxPOL level in the same instruction that the CxON bit is set. Since all register writes are performed as a read-modify-write, the mismatch latches will be cleared during the instruction read phase and the actual configuration of the CxON and CxPOL bits will be occur in the final write phase. FIGURE 18-3: COMPARATOR INTERRUPT TIMING W/O CMxCON0 READ Q1 Q3 CxIN+ CxIN Set CxIF (edge) CxIF Reset by Software TRT FIGURE 18-4: COMPARATOR INTERRUPT TIMING WITH CMxCON0 READ Q1 Q3 CxIN+ CxOUT Set CxIF (edge) CxIF Cleared by CMxCON0 Read Reset by Software TRT Note 1: If a change in the CMxCON0 register (CxOUT) should occur when a read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the CxIF interrupt flag of the PIR2 register may not get set. 2: When either comparator is first enabled, bias circuitry in the comparator module may cause an invalid output from the comparator until the bias circuitry is stable. Allow about 1 s for bias settling then clear the mismatch condition and interrupt flags before enabling comparator interrupts. DS41412B-page 308 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 18.5 Operation During Sleep 18.6 Effects of a Reset The comparator, if enabled before entering Sleep mode, remains active during Sleep. The additional current consumed by the comparator is shown separately in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics". If the comparator is not used to wake the device, power consumption can be minimized while in Sleep mode by turning off the comparator. Each comparator is turned off by clearing the CxON bit of the CMxCON0 register. A change to the comparator output can wake-up the device from Sleep. To enable the comparator to wake the device from Sleep, the CxIE bit of the PIE2 register and the PEIE/GIEL bit of the INTCON register must be set. The instruction following the SLEEP instruction always executes following a wake from Sleep. If the GIE/GIEH bit of the INTCON register is also set, the device will then execute the Interrupt Service Routine. A device Reset forces the CMxCON0 and CM2CON1 registers to their Reset states. This forces both comparators and the voltage references to their Off states. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 309 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 18-1: R/W-0 C1ON bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown CM1CON0: COMPARATOR 1 CONTROL REGISTER R-0 R/W-0 C1OE R/W-0 C1POL R/W-1 C1SP R/W-0 C1R R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 C1CH<1:0> C1OUT C1ON: Comparator C1 Enable bit 1 = Comparator C1 is enabled 0 = Comparator C1 is disabled C1OUT: Comparator C1 Output bit If C1POL = 1 (inverted polarity): C1OUT = 0 when C1VIN+ > C1VINC1OUT = 1 when C1VIN+ < C1VINIf C1POL = 0 (non-inverted polarity): C1OUT = 1 when C1VIN+ > C1VINC1OUT = 0 when C1VIN+ < C1VINC1OE: Comparator C1 Output Enable bit 1 = C1OUT is present on the C1OUT pin(1) 0 = C1OUT is internal only C1POL: Comparator C1 Output Polarity Select bit 1 = C1OUT logic is inverted 0 = C1OUT logic is not inverted C1SP: Comparator C1 Speed/Power Select bit 1 = C1 operates in normal power, higher speed mode 0 = C1 operates in low-power, low-speed mode C1R: Comparator C1 Reference Select bit (non-inverting input) 1 = C1VIN+ connects to C1VREF output 0 = C1VIN+ connects to C12IN+ pin C1CH<1:0>: Comparator C1 Channel Select bit 00 = C12IN0- pin of C1 connects to C1VIN01 = C12IN1- pin of C1 connects to C1VIN10 = C12IN2- pin of C1 connects to C1VIN11 = C12IN3- pin of C1 connects to C1VINComparator output requires the following three conditions: C1OE = 1, C1ON = 1 and corresponding port TRIS bit = 0. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1-0 Note 1: DS41412B-page 310 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 18-2: R/W-0 C2ON bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown CM2CON: COMPARATOR 2 CONTROL REGISTER R-0 R/W-0 C2OE R/W-0 C2POL R/W-1 C2SP R/W-0 C2R R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 C2CH<1:0> C2OUT C2ON: Comparator C2 Enable bit 1 = Comparator C2 is enabled 0 = Comparator C2 is disabled C2OUT: Comparator C2 Output bit If C2POL = 1 (inverted polarity): C2OUT = 0 when C2VIN+ > C2VINC2OUT = 1 when C2VIN+ < C2VINIf C2POL = 0 (non-inverted polarity): C2OUT = 1 when C2VIN+ > C2VINC2OUT = 0 when C2VIN+ < C2VINC2OE: Comparator C2 Output Enable bit 1 = C2OUT is present on C2OUT pin(1) 0 = C2OUT is internal only C2POL: Comparator C2 Output Polarity Select bit 1 = C2OUT logic is inverted 0 = C2OUT logic is not inverted C2SP: Comparator C2 Speed/Power Select bit 1 = C2 operates in normal power, higher speed mode 0 = C2 operates in low-power, low-speed mode C2R: Comparator C2 Reference Select bits (non-inverting input) 1 = C2VIN+ connects to C2VREF 0 = C2VIN+ connects to C2IN+ pin C2CH<1:0>: Comparator C2 Channel Select bits 00 = C12IN0- pin of C2 connects to C2VIN01 = C12IN1- pin of C2 connects to C2VIN10 = C12IN2- pin of C2 connects to C2VIN11 = C12IN3- pin of C2 connects to C2VINComparator output requires the following three conditions: C2OE = 1, C2ON = 1 and corresponding port TRIS bit = 0. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1-0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 311 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 18.7 Analog Input Connection Considerations Note 1: When reading a PORT register, all pins configured as analog inputs will read as a `0'. Pins configured as digital inputs will convert as an analog input, according to the input specification. 2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a digital input, may cause the input buffer to consume more current than is specified. A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in Figure 18-5. Since the analog input pins share their connection with a digital input, they have reverse biased ESD protection diodes to VDD and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the diodes is forward biased and a latch-up may occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 k is recommended for the analog sources. Also, any external component connected to an analog input pin, such as a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little leakage current to minimize inaccuracies introduced. FIGURE 18-5: ANALOG INPUT MODEL VDD Rs < 10K AIN VA CPIN 5 pF VT 0.6V RIC To Comparator VT 0.6V ILEAKAGE(1) Vss Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions RIC = Interconnect Resistance = Source Impedance RS = Analog Voltage VA VT = Threshold Voltage Note 1: See Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics". DS41412B-page 312 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 18.8 * * * * Additional Comparator Features 18.8.3 COMPARATOR HYSTERESIS There are four additional comparator features: Simultaneous read of comparator outputs Internal reference selection Hysteresis selection Output Synchronization Each Comparator has a selectable hysteresis feature. The hysteresis can be enabled by setting the CxHYS bit of the CM2CON1 register. See Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for more details. 18.8.4 SYNCHRONIZING COMPARATOR OUTPUT TO TIMER1 18.8.1 SIMULTANEOUS COMPARATOR OUTPUT READ The MC1OUT and MC2OUT bits of the CM2CON1 register are mirror copies of both comparator outputs. The ability to read both outputs simultaneously from a single register eliminates the timing skew of reading separate registers. Note 1: Obtaining the status of C1OUT or C2OUT by reading CM2CON1 does not affect the comparator interrupt mismatch registers. The Comparator Cx output can be synchronized with Timer1 by setting the CxSYNC bit of the CM2CON1 register. When enabled, the Cx output is latched on the falling edge of the Timer1 source clock. To prevent a race condition when gating Timer1 clock with the comparator output, Timer1 increments on the rising edge of its clock source, and the falling edge latches the comparator output. See the Comparator Block Diagram (Figure 18-2) and the Timer1 Block Diagram (Figure 12-1) for more information. Note 1: The comparator synchronized output should not be used to gate the external Timer1 clock when the Timer1 synchronizer is enabled. 2: The Timer1 prescale should be set to 1:1 when synchronizing the comparator output as unexpected results may occur with other prescale values. 18.8.2 INTERNAL REFERENCE SELECTION There are two internal voltage references available to the non-inverting input of each comparator. One of these is the Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) and the other is the variable Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). The CxRSEL bit of the CM2CON1 register determines which of these references is routed to the Comparator Voltage reference output (CXVREF). Further routing to the comparator is accomplished by the CxR bit of the CMxCON0 register. See Section 21.0 "Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR)" and Figure 18-2 for more detail. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 313 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 18-3: R-0 MC1OUT bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown CM2CON1: COMPARATOR 1 AND 2 CONTROL REGISTER R-0 R/W-0 C1RSEL R/W-0 C2RSEL R/W-0 C1HYS R/W-0 C2HYS R/W-0 C1SYNC R/W-0 C2SYNC bit 0 MC2OUT MC1OUT: Mirror Copy of C1OUT bit MC2OUT: Mirror Copy of C2OUT bit C1RSEL: Comparator C1 Reference Select bit 1 = FVR BUF1 routed to C1VREF input 0 = DAC routed to C1VREF input C2RSEL: Comparator C2 Reference Select bit 1 = FVR BUF1 routed to C2VREF input 0 = DAC routed to C2VREF input C1HYS: Comparator C1 Hysteresis Enable bit 1 = Comparator C1 hysteresis enabled 0 = Comparator C1 hysteresis disabled C2HYS: Comparator C2 Hysteresis Enable bit 1 = Comparator C2 hysteresis enabled 0 = Comparator C2 hysteresis disabled C1SYNC: C1 Output Synchronous Mode bit 1 = C1 output is synchronized to rising edge of TMR1 clock (T1CLK) 0 = C1 output is asynchronous C2SYNC: C2 Output Synchronous Mode bit 1 = C2 output is synchronized to rising edge of TMR1 clock (T1CLK) 0 = C2 output is asynchronous bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 314 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 18-2: Name ANSELA ANSELB CM2CON1 CM1CON0 CM2CON0 VREFCON1 VREFCON2 VREFCON0 INTCON IPR2 PIE2 PIR2 PMD2 TRISA TRISB REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE Bit 7 -- -- MC1OUT C1ON C2ON DACEN -- FVREN GIE/GIEH OSCFIP OSCFIE OSCFIF -- TRISA7 TRISB7 Bit 6 -- -- MC2OUT C1OUT C2OUT DACLPS -- FVRST C1IP C1IE C1IF -- TRISA6 TRISB6 Bit 5 ANSA5 ANSB5 C1OE C2OE DACOE -- FVRS<1:0> INT0IE EEIP EEIE EEIF -- TRISA4 TRISB4 C2IP C2IE C2IF -- TRISA5 TRISB5 -- RBIE BCL1IP BCL1IE BCL1IF TRISA3 TRISB3 Bit 4 -- ANSB4 C1POL C2POL -- Bit 3 ANSA3 ANSB3 C1HYS C1SP C2SP Bit 2 ANSA2 ANSB2 C2HYS C1R C2R DACR<4:0> -- TMR0IF HLVDIP HLVDIE HLVDIF TRISA2 TRISB2 -- INT0IF TMR3IP TMR3IE TMR3IF TRISA1 TRISB1 -- RBIF CCP2IP CCP2IE CCP2IF ADCMD TRISA0 TRISB0 Bit 1 ANSA1 ANSB1 C1SYNC Bit 0 ANSA0 ANSB0 C2SYNC Register on Page 152 153 314 310 311 341 342 338 115 128 124 119 58 154 154 C1RSEL C2RSEL C1CH<1:0> C2CH<1:0> -- DACNSS DACPSS<1:0> PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE CTMUMD CMP2MD CMP1MD Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by the Comparator Module. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 315 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 316 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.0 CHARGE TIME MEASUREMENT UNIT (CTMU) * Time measurement resolution of 1 nanosecond * High precision time measurement * Time delay of external or internal signal asynchronous to system clock * Accurate current source suitable for capacitive measurement The CTMU works in conjunction with the A/D Converter to provide up to 28(1) channels for time or charge measurement, depending on the specific device and the number of A/D channels available. When configured for time delay, the CTMU is connected to the C12IN1- input of Comparator 2. The level-sensitive input edge sources can be selected from four sources: two external input pins (CTED1/CTED2) or the ECCP1/ (E)CCP2 Special Event Triggers. Figure 19-1 provides a block diagram of the CTMU. Note 1: PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices have up to 17 channels available. The Charge Time Measurement Unit (CTMU) is a flexible analog module that provides accurate differential time measurement between pulse sources, as well as asynchronous pulse generation. By working with other on-chip analog modules, the CTMU can be used to precisely measure time, measure capacitance, measure relative changes in capacitance or generate output pulses with a specific time delay. The CTMU is ideal for interfacing with capacitive-based sensors. The module includes the following key features: * Up to 28(1) channels available for capacitive or time measurement input * On-chip precision current source * Four-edge input trigger sources * Polarity control for each edge source * Control of edge sequence * Control of response to edges FIGURE 19-1: CTMU BLOCK DIAGRAM CTMUCONH/CTMUCONL EDGEN EDGSEQEN EDG1SELx EDG1POL EDG2SELx EDG2POL CTMUICON ITRIM<5:0> IRNG<1:0> EDG1STAT EDG2STAT TGEN IDISSEN CTTRIG Current Source CTED1 CTED2 Edge Control Logic Current Control CTMU Control Logic ECCP2 ECCP1 A/D Converter Comparator 2 Input Pulse Generator CTPLS Comparator 2 Output 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 317 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.1 CTMU Operation 19.1.2 CURRENT SOURCE The CTMU works by using a fixed current source to charge a circuit. The type of circuit depends on the type of measurement being made. In the case of charge measurement, the current is fixed, and the amount of time the current is applied to the circuit is fixed. The amount of voltage read by the A/D is then a measurement of the capacitance of the circuit. In the case of time measurement, the current, as well as the capacitance of the circuit, is fixed. In this case, the voltage read by the A/D is then representative of the amount of time elapsed from the time the current source starts and stops charging the circuit. If the CTMU is being used as a time delay, both capacitance and current source are fixed, as well as the voltage supplied to the comparator circuit. The delay of a signal is determined by the amount of time it takes the voltage to charge to the comparator threshold voltage. At the heart of the CTMU is a precision current source, designed to provide a constant reference for measurements. The level of current is user-selectable across three ranges or a total of two orders of magnitude, with the ability to trim the output in 2% increments (nominal). The current range is selected by the IRNG<1:0> bits (CTMUICON<1:0>), with a value of `00' representing the lowest range. Current trim is provided by the ITRIM<5:0> bits (CTMUICON<7:2>). These six bits allow trimming of the current source in steps of approximately 2% per step. Note that half of the range adjusts the current source positively and the other half reduces the current source. A value of `000000' is the neutral position (no change). A value of `100000' is the maximum negative adjustment (approximately -62%) and `011111' is the maximum positive adjustment (approximately +62%). 19.1.1 THEORY OF OPERATION 19.1.3 EDGE SELECTION AND CONTROL The operation of the CTMU is based on the equation for charge: dV C = I -----dT More simply, the amount of charge measured in coulombs in a circuit is defined as current in amperes (I) multiplied by the amount of time in seconds that the current flows (t). Charge is also defined as the capacitance in farads (C) multiplied by the voltage of the circuit (V). It follows that: I t = C V. The CTMU module provides a constant, known current source. The A/D Converter is used to measure (V) in the equation, leaving two unknowns: capacitance (C) and time (t). The above equation can be used to calculate capacitance or time, by either the relationship using the known fixed capacitance of the circuit: t = C V I or by: C = I t V using a fixed time that the current source is applied to the circuit. CTMU measurements are controlled by edge events occurring on the module's two input channels. Each channel, referred to as Edge 1 and Edge 2, can be configured to receive input pulses from one of the edge input pins (CTED1 and CTED2) or ECCPx Special Event Triggers. The input channels are level-sensitive, responding to the instantaneous level on the channel rather than a transition between levels. The inputs are selected using the EDG1SEL and EDG2SEL bit pairs (CTMUCONL<3:2 and 6:5>). In addition to source, each channel can be configured for event polarity using the EDGE2POL and EDGE1POL bits (CTMUCONL<7,4>). The input channels can also be filtered for an edge event sequence (Edge 1 occurring before Edge 2) by setting the EDGSEQEN bit (CTMUCONH<2>). 19.1.4 EDGE STATUS The CTMUCONL register also contains two Status bits: EDG2STAT and EDG1STAT (CTMUCONL<1:0>). Their primary function is to show if an edge response has occurred on the corresponding channel. The CTMU automatically sets a particular bit when an edge response is detected on its channel. The level-sensitive nature of the input channels also means that the Status bits become set immediately if the channel's configuration is changed and is the same as the channel's current state. DS41412B-page 318 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 The module uses the edge Status bits to control the current source output to external analog modules (such as the A/D Converter). Current is only supplied to external modules when only one (but not both) of the Status bits is set, and shuts current off when both bits are either set or cleared. This allows the CTMU to measure current only during the interval between edges. After both Status bits are set, it is necessary to clear them before another measurement is taken. Both bits should be cleared simultaneously, if possible, to avoid re-enabling the CTMU current source. In addition to being set by the CTMU hardware, the edge Status bits can also be set by software. This is also the user's application to manually enable or disable the current source. Setting either one (but not both) of the bits enables the current source. Setting or clearing both bits at once disables the source. 19.2 CTMU Module Initialization The following sequence is a general guideline used to initialize the CTMU module: Select the current source range using the IRNG bits (CTMUICON<1:0>). 2. Adjust the current source trim using the ITRIM bits (CTMUICON<7:2>). 3. Configure the edge input sources for Edge 1 and Edge 2 by setting the EDG1SEL and EDG2SEL bits (CTMUCONL<3:2 and 6:5>). 4. Configure the input polarities for the edge inputs using the EDG1POL and EDG2POL bits (CTMUCONL<4,7>). The default configuration is for negative edge polarity (high-to-low transitions). 5. Enable edge sequencing using the EDGSEQEN bit (CTMUCONH<2>). By default, edge sequencing is disabled. 6. Select the operating mode (Measurement or Time Delay) with the TGEN bit. The default mode is Time/Capacitance Measurement. 7. Discharge the connected circuit by setting the IDISSEN bit (CTMUCONH<1>); after waiting a sufficient time for the circuit to discharge, clear IDISSEN. 8. Disable the module by clearing the CTMUEN bit (CTMUCONH<7>). 9. Enable the module by setting the CTMUEN bit. 10. Clear the Edge Status bits: EDG2STAT and EDG1STAT (CTMUCONL<1:0>). 11. Enable both edge inputs by setting the EDGEN bit (CTMUCONH<3>). Depending on the type of measurement or pulse generation being performed, one or more additional modules may also need to be initialized and configured with the CTMU module: * Edge Source Generation: In addition to the external edge input pins, both Timer1 and the Output Compare/PWM1 module can be used as edge sources for the CTMU. * Capacitance or Time Measurement: The CTMU module uses the A/D Converter to measure the voltage across a capacitor that is connected to one of the analog input channels. * Pulse Generation: When generating system clock independent output pulses, the CTMU module uses Comparator 2 and the associated comparator voltage reference. 1. 19.1.5 INTERRUPTS The CTMU sets its interrupt flag (PIR3<2>) whenever the current source is enabled, then disabled. An interrupt is generated only if the corresponding interrupt enable bit (PIE3<2>) is also set. If edge sequencing is not enabled (i.e., Edge 1 must occur before Edge 2), it is necessary to monitor the edge Status bits and determine which edge occurred last and caused the interrupt. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 319 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.3 Calibrating the CTMU Module FIGURE 19-2: The CTMU requires calibration for precise measurements of capacitance and time, as well as for accurate time delay. If the application only requires measurement of a relative change in capacitance or time, calibration is usually not necessary. An example of this type of application would include a capacitive touch switch, in which the touch circuit has a baseline capacitance, and the added capacitance of the human body changes the overall capacitance of a circuit. If actual capacitance or time measurement is required, two hardware calibrations must take place: the current source needs calibration to set it to a precise current, and the circuit being measured needs calibration to measure and/or nullify all other capacitance other than that to be measured. CTMU CURRENT SOURCE CALIBRATION CIRCUIT PIC18(L)FXXK22 Device CTMU Current Source A/D Converter ANx RCAL A/D MUX 19.3.1 CURRENT SOURCE CALIBRATION A value of 70% of full-scale voltage is chosen to make sure that the A/D Converter was in a range that is well above the noise floor. Keep in mind that if an exact current is chosen, that is to incorporate the trimming bits from CTMUICON, the resistor value of RCAL may need to be adjusted accordingly. RCAL may also be adjusted to allow for available resistor values. RCAL should be of the highest precision available, keeping in mind the amount of precision needed for the circuit that the CTMU will be used to measure. A recommended minimum would be 0.1% tolerance. The following examples show one typical method for performing a CTMU current calibration. Example 19-1 demonstrates how to initialize the A/D Converter and the CTMU; this routine is typical for applications using both modules. Example 19-2 demonstrates one method for the actual calibration routine. The current source on board the CTMU module has a range of 60% nominal for each of three current ranges. Therefore, for precise measurements, it is possible to measure and adjust this current source by placing a high precision resistor, RCAL, onto an unused analog channel. An example circuit is shown in Figure 19-2. The current source measurement is performed using the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Initialize the A/D Converter. Initialize the CTMU. Enable the current source by setting EDG1STAT (CTMUCONL<0>). Issue settling time delay. Perform A/D conversion. Calculate the current source current using I = V/ RCAL, where RCAL is a high precision resistance and V is measured by performing an A/D conversion. The CTMU current source may be trimmed with the trim bits in CTMUICON using an iterative process to get an exact desired current. Alternatively, the nominal value without adjustment may be used; it may be stored by the software for use in all subsequent capacitive or time measurements. To calculate the value for RCAL, the nominal current must be chosen, and then the resistance can be calculated. For example, if the A/D Converter reference voltage is 3.3V, use 70% of full scale, or 2.31V as the desired approximate voltage to be read by the A/D Converter. If the range of the CTMU current source is selected to be 0.55 A, the resistor value needed is calculated as RCAL = 2.31V/0.55 A, for a value of 4.2 M. Similarly, if the current source is chosen to be 5.5 A, RCAL would be 420,000, and 42,000 if the current source is set to 55 A. DS41412B-page 320 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 EXAMPLE 19-1: SETUP FOR CTMU CALIBRATION ROUTINES #include "p18cxxx.h" /**************************************************************************/ /*Setup CTMU *****************************************************************/ /**************************************************************************/ void setup(void) { //CTMUCONH/1 - CTMU Control registers CTMUCONH = 0x00; //make sure CTMU is disabled CTMUCONL = 0x90; //CTMU continues to run when emulator is stopped,CTMU continues //to run in idle mode,Time Generation mode disabled, Edges are blocked //No edge sequence order, Analog current source not grounded, trigger //output disabled, Edge2 polarity = positive level, Edge2 source = //source 0, Edge1 polarity = positive level, Edge1 source = source 0, //CTMUICON - CTMU Current Control Register CTMUICON = 0x01; //0.55uA, Nominal - No Adjustment /**************************************************************************/ //Setup AD converter; /**************************************************************************/ TRISA=0x04; //set channel 2 as an input // Configure AN2 as an analog channel ANSELAbits.ANSA2=1; TRISAbits.TRISA2=1; // ADCON2 ADCON2bits.ADFM=1; ADCON2bits.ACQT=1; ADCON2bits.ADCS=2; // Results format 1= Right justified // Acquition time 7 = 20TAD 2 = 4TAD 1=2TAD // Clock conversion bits 6= FOSC/64 2=FOSC/32 // ADCON1 ADCON1bits.PVCFG0 =0; ADCON1bits.NVCFG1 =0; // ADCON0 ADCON0bits.CHS=2; ADCON0bits.ADON=1; } // Vref+ = AVdd // Vref- = AVss // Select ADC channel // Turn on ADC 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 321 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 EXAMPLE 19-2: CURRENT CALIBRATION ROUTINE //@ 8MHz = 125uS. //R value is 4200000 (4.2M) //scaled so that result is in //1/100th of uA //for unsigned conversion 10 sig bits //Vdd connected to A/D Vr+ #include "p18cxxx.h" #define COUNT 500 #define DELAY for(i=0;i //index for loop //float values stored for calcs //assume CTMU and A/D have been setup correctly //see Example 25-1 for CTMU & A/D setup setup(); CTMUCONHbits.CTMUEN = 1; CTMUCONLbits.EDG1STAT = 0; CTMUCONLbits.EDG2STAT = 0; for(j=0;j<10;j++) { CTMUCONHbits.IDISSEN = 1; DELAY; CTMUCONHbits.IDISSEN = 0; CTMUCONLbits.EDG1STAT = 1; DELAY; CTMUCONLbits.EDG1STAT = 0; PIR1bits.ADIF = 0; ADCON0bits.GO=1; while(!PIR1bits.ADIF); Vread = ADRES; PIR1bits.ADIF = 0; VTot += Vread; } Vavg = (float)(VTot/10.000); Vcal = (float)(Vavg/ADSCALE*ADREF); CTMUISrc = Vcal/RCAL; } //Average of 10 readings //CTMUISrc is in 1/100ths of uA //Enable the CTMU // Set Edge status bits to zero //drain charge on the circuit //wait 125us //end drain of circuit //Begin charging the circuit //using CTMU current source //wait for 125us //Stop charging circuit //make sure A/D Int not set //and begin A/D conv. //Wait for A/D convert complete //Get the value from the A/D //Clear A/D Interrupt Flag //Add the reading to the total DS41412B-page 322 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.3.2 CAPACITANCE CALIBRATION There is a small amount of capacitance from the internal A/D Converter sample capacitor as well as stray capacitance from the circuit board traces and pads that affect the precision of capacitance measurements. A measurement of the stray capacitance can be taken by making sure the desired capacitance to be measured has been removed. The measurement is then performed using the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Initialize the A/D Converter and the CTMU. Set EDG1STAT (= 1). Wait for a fixed delay of time t. Clear EDG1STAT. Perform an A/D conversion. Calculate the stray and A/D sample capacitances: C OFFSET = C STRAY + C AD = I t V where I is known from the current source measurement step, t is a fixed delay and V is measured by performing an A/D conversion. This measured value is then stored and used for calculations of time measurement or subtracted for capacitance measurement. For calibration, it is expected that the capacitance of CSTRAY + CAD is approximately known. CAD is approximately 4 pF. An iterative process may need to be used to adjust the time, t, that the circuit is charged to obtain a reasonable voltage reading from the A/D Converter. The value of t may be determined by setting COFFSET to a theoretical value, then solving for t. For example, if CSTRAY is theoretically calculated to be 11 pF, and V is expected to be 70% of VDD, or 2.31V, then t would be: (4 pF + 11 pF) * 2.31V/0.55 A or 63 s. See Example 19-3 for a typical routine for CTMU capacitance calibration. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 323 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 EXAMPLE 19-3: CAPACITANCE CALIBRATION ROUTINE #include "p18cxxx.h" #define #define #define #define bits #define #define COUNT 25 ETIME COUNT*2.5 DELAY for(i=0;i //drain charge on the circuit //wait 125us //end drain of circuit //Begin charging the circuit //using CTMU current source //wait for 125us //Stop charging circuit //make sure A/D Int not set //and begin A/D conv. //Wait for A/D convert complete Vread = ADRES; PIR1bits.ADIF = 0; VTot += Vread; } Vavg = (float)(VTot/10.000); Vcal = (float)(Vavg/ADSCALE*ADREF); CTMUISrc = Vcal/RCAL; CTMUCap = (CTMUISrc*ETIME/Vcal)/100; } //Get the value from the A/D //Clear A/D Interrupt Flag //Add the reading to the total //Average of 10 readings //CTMUISrc is in 1/100ths of uA DS41412B-page 324 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.4 Measuring Capacitance with the CTMU 19.4.2 RELATIVE CHARGE MEASUREMENT An application may not require precise capacitance measurements. For example, when detecting a valid press of a capacitance-based switch, detecting a relative change of capacitance is of interest. In this type of application, when the switch is open (or not touched), the total capacitance is the capacitance of the combination of the board traces, the A/D Converter, etc. A larger voltage will be measured by the A/D Converter. When the switch is closed (or is touched), the total capacitance is larger due to the addition of the capacitance of the human body to the above listed capacitances, and a smaller voltage will be measured by the A/D Converter. Detecting capacitance changes is easily accomplished with the CTMU using these steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Initialize the A/D Converter and the CTMU. Set EDG1STAT. Wait for a fixed delay. Clear EDG1STAT. Perform an A/D conversion. There are two separate methods of measuring capacitance with the CTMU. The first is the absolute method, in which the actual capacitance value is desired. The second is the relative method, in which the actual capacitance is not needed, rather an indication of a change in capacitance is required. 19.4.1 ABSOLUTE CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENT For absolute capacitance measurements, both the current and capacitance calibration steps found in Section 19.3 "Calibrating the CTMU Module" should be followed. Capacitance measurements are then performed using the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Initialize the A/D Converter. Initialize the CTMU. Set EDG1STAT. Wait for a fixed delay, T. Clear EDG1STAT. Perform an A/D conversion. Calculate the total capacitance, CTOTAL = (I * T)/V, where I is known from the current source measurement step (see Section 19.3.1 "Current Source Calibration"), T is a fixed delay and V is measured by performing an A/D conversion. Subtract the stray and A/D capacitance (COFFSET from Section 19.3.2 "Capacitance Calibration") from CTOTAL to determine the measured capacitance. 8. The voltage measured by performing the A/D conversion is an indication of the relative capacitance. Note that in this case, no calibration of the current source or circuit capacitance measurement is needed. See Example 19-4 for a sample software routine for a capacitive touch switch. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 325 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 EXAMPLE 19-4: ROUTINE FOR CAPACITIVE TOUCH SWITCH #include "p18cxxx.h" #define #define #define #define COUNT 500 DELAY for(i=0;i //storage for reading //assume CTMU and A/D have been setup correctly //see Example 25-1 for CTMU & A/D setup setup(); CTMUCONHbits.CTMUEN = 1; CTMUCONLbits.EDG1STAT = 0; CTMUCONLbits.EDG2STAT = 0; CTMUCONHbits.IDISSEN = 1; DELAY; CTMUCONHbits.IDISSEN = 0; CTMUCONLbits.EDG1STAT = 1; DELAY; CTMUCONLbits.EDG1STAT = 0; PIR1bits.ADIF = 0; ADCON0bits.GO=1; while(!PIR1bits.ADIF); Vread = ADRES; // Enable the CTMU // Set Edge status bits to zero //drain charge on the circuit //wait 125us //end drain of circuit //Begin charging the circuit //using CTMU current source //wait for 125us //Stop charging circuit //make sure A/D Int not set //and begin A/D conv. //Wait for A/D convert complete //Get the value from the A/D if(Vread < OPENSW - TRIP) { switchState = PRESSED; } else if(Vread > OPENSW - TRIP + HYST) { switchState = UNPRESSED; } } DS41412B-page 326 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.5 Measuring Time with the CTMU Module It is assumed that the time measured is small enough that the capacitance, COFFSET, provides a valid voltage to the A/D Converter. For the smallest time measurement, always set the A/D Channel Select register (AD1CHS) to an unused A/D channel; the corresponding pin for which is not connected to any circuit board trace. This minimizes added stray capacitance, keeping the total circuit capacitance close to that of the A/D Converter itself (4-5 pF). To measure longer time intervals, an external capacitor may be connected to an A/D channel and this channel selected when making a time measurement. Time can be precisely measured after the ratio (C/I) is measured from the current and capacitance calibration step by following these steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Initialize the A/D Converter and the CTMU. Set EDG1STAT. Set EDG2STAT. Perform an A/D conversion. Calculate the time between edges as T = (C/I) * V, where I is calculated in the current calibration step (Section 19.3.1 "Current Source Calibration"), C is calculated in the capacitance calibration step (Section 19.3.2 "Capacitance Calibration") and V is measured by performing the A/D conversion. FIGURE 19-3: TYPICAL CONNECTIONS AND INTERNAL CONFIGURATION FOR TIME MEASUREMENT PIC18(L)FXXK22 Device CTMU CTED1 CTED2 EDG1 EDG2 Output Pulse A/D Converter CAD RPR Current Source ANX 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 327 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.6 Creating a Delay with the CTMU Module An example use of this feature is for interfacing with variable capacitive-based sensors, such as a humidity sensor. As the humidity varies, the pulse width output on CTPLS will vary. The CTPLS output pin can be connected to an input capture pin and the varying pulse width is measured to determine the humidity in the application. Follow these steps to use this feature: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Initialize Comparator 2. Initialize the comparator voltage reference. Initialize the CTMU and enable time delay generation by setting the TGEN bit. Set EDG1STAT. When CPULSE charges to the value of the voltage reference trip point, an output pulse is generated on CTPLS. A unique feature on board the CTMU module is its ability to generate system clock independent output pulses based on an external capacitor value. This is accomplished using the internal comparator voltage reference module, Comparator 2 input pin and an external capacitor. The pulse is output onto the CTPLS pin. To enable this mode, set the TGEN bit. See Figure 19-4 for an example circuit. CPULSE is chosen by the user to determine the output pulse width on CTPLS. The pulse width is calculated by T = (CPULSE/I)*V, where I is known from the current source measurement step (Section 19.3.1 "Current Source Calibration") and V is the internal reference voltage (CVREF). FIGURE 19-4: TYPICAL CONNECTIONS AND INTERNAL CONFIGURATION FOR PULSE DELAY GENERATION PIC18(L)FXXK22 Device CTED1 EDG1 CTMU CTPLS Current Source Comparator C12IN1C2 CPULSE CVREF 19.7 19.7.1 Operation During Sleep/Idle Modes SLEEP MODE AND DEEP SLEEP MODES module is performing an operation when Idle mode is invoked, in this case, the results will be similar to those with Sleep mode. 19.8 When the device enters any Sleep mode, the CTMU module current source is always disabled. If the CTMU is performing an operation that depends on the current source when Sleep mode is invoked, the operation may not terminate correctly. Capacitance and time measurements may return erroneous values. CTMU Peripheral Module Disable (PMD) When this peripheral is not used, the Peripheral Module Disable bit can be set to disconnect all clock sources to the module, reducing power consumption to an absolute minimum. See Section 3.6 "Selective Peripheral Module Control". 19.7.2 IDLE MODE The behavior of the CTMU in Idle mode is determined by the CTMUSIDL bit (CTMUCONH<5>). If CTMUSIDL is cleared, the module will continue to operate in Idle mode. If CTMUSIDL is set, the module's current source is disabled when the device enters Idle mode. If the DS41412B-page 328 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 19.9 Effects of a Reset on CTMU 19.10 Registers There are three control registers for the CTMU: * CTMUCONH * CTMUCONL * CTMUICON The CTMUCONH and CTMUCONL registers (Register 19-1 and Register 19-2) contain control bits for configuring the CTMU module edge source selection, edge source polarity selection, edge sequencing, A/D trigger, analog circuit capacitor discharge and enables. The CTMUICON register (Register 19-3) has bits for selecting the current source range and current source trim. Upon Reset, all registers of the CTMU are cleared. This leaves the CTMU module disabled, its current source is turned off and all configuration options return to their default settings. The module needs to be re-initialized following any Reset. If the CTMU is in the process of taking a measurement at the time of Reset, the measurement will be lost. A partial charge may exist on the circuit that was being measured, and should be properly discharged before the CTMU makes subsequent attempts to make a measurement. The circuit is discharged by setting and then clearing the IDISSEN bit (CTMUCONH<1>) while the A/D Converter is connected to the appropriate channel. REGISTER 19-1: R/W-0 CTMUEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 CTMUCONH: CTMU CONTROL REGISTER 0 U-0 -- R/W-0 CTMUSIDL R/W-0 TGEN R/W-0 EDGEN R/W-0 EDGSEQEN R/W-0 IDISSEN U-0 CTTRIG bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown CTMUEN: CTMU Enable bit 1 = Module is enabled 0 = Module is disabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' CTMUSIDL: Stop in Idle Mode bit 1 = Discontinue module operation when device enters Idle mode 0 = Continue module operation in Idle mode TGEN: Time Generation Enable bit 1 = Enables edge delay generation 0 = Disables edge delay generation EDGEN: Edge Enable bit 1 = Edges are not blocked 0 = Edges are blocked EDGSEQEN: Edge Sequence Enable bit 1 = Edge 1 event must occur before Edge 2 event can occur 0 = No edge sequence is needed IDISSEN: Analog Current Source Control bit 1 = Analog current source output is grounded 0 = Analog current source output is not grounded CTTRIG: CTMU Special Event Trigger Control Bit 1 = CTMU Special Event Trigger is enabled 0 = CTMU Special Event Trigger is disabled bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 329 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 19-2: R/W-0 EDG2POL bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown CTMUCONL: CTMU CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/W-0 R/W-0 EDG1POL R/W-0 EDG1SEL1 R/W-0 EDG1SEL0 R/W-0 EDG2STAT R/W-0 EDG1STAT bit 0 EDG2SEL<1:0> R/W-0 EDG2POL: Edge 2 Polarity Select bit 1 = Edge 2 programmed for a positive edge response 0 = Edge 2 programmed for a negative edge response EDG2SEL<1:0>: Edge 2 Source Select bits 11 = CTED1 pin 10 = CTED2 pin 01 = ECCP1 Special Event Trigger 00 = ECCP2 Special Event Trigger EDG1POL: Edge 1 Polarity Select bit 1 = Edge 1 programmed for a positive edge response 0 = Edge 1 programmed for a negative edge response EDG1SEL<1:0>: Edge 1 Source Select bits 11 = CTED1 pin 10 = CTED2 pin 01 = ECCP1 Special Event Trigger 00 = ECCP2 Special Event Trigger EDG2STAT: Edge 2 Status bit 1 = Edge 2 event has occurred 0 = Edge 2 event has not occurred EDG1STAT: Edge 1 Status bit 1 = Edge 1 event has occurred 0 = Edge 1 event has not occurred bit 6-5 bit 4 bit 3-2 bit 1 bit 0 DS41412B-page 330 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 19-3: R/W-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-2 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown CTMUICON: CTMU CURRENT CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 ITRIM<5:0> IRNG<1:0> R/W-0 ITRIM<5:0>: Current Source Trim bits 011111 = Maximum positive change from nominal current 011110 . . . 000001 = Minimum positive change from nominal current 000000 = Nominal current output specified by IRNG<1:0> 111111 = Minimum negative change from nominal current . . . 100010 100001 = Maximum negative change from nominal current IRNG<1:0>: Current Source Range Select bits 11 = 100 Base current 10 = 10 Base current 01 = Base current level (0.55 A nominal) 00 = Current source disabled bit 1-0 TABLE 19-1: Name CTMUCONH CTMUCONL CTMUICON IPR3 PIE3 PIR3 PMD2 Legend: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CTMU MODULE Bit 7 Bit 6 -- Bit 5 CTMUSIDL Bit 4 TGEN EDG1POL ITRIM<5:0> SSP2IP SSP2IE SSP2IF -- BCL2IP BCL2IE BCL2IF -- RC2IP RC2IE RC2IF -- TX2IP TX2IE TX2IF -- CTMUIP CTMUIE CTMUIF CTMUMD TMR5GIP TMR5GIE TMR5GIF CMP2MD Bit 3 EDGEN Bit 2 EDGSEQEN Bit 1 IDISSEN EDG2STAT Bit 0 CTTRIG EDG1STAT Reset Values on Page 329 330 331 129 125 120 58 CTMUEN EDG2POL EDG2SEL<1:0> EDG1SEL<1:0> IRNG<1:0> TMR3GIP TMR3GIE TMR3GIF CMP1MD TMR1GIP TMR1GIE TMR1GIF ADCMD -- = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used during CTMU operation. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 331 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 332 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 20.0 SR LATCH 20.2 Latch Output The module consists of a single SR Latch with multiple Set and Reset inputs as well as separate latch outputs. The SR Latch module includes the following features: * * * * Programmable input selection SR Latch output is available internally/externally Selectable Q and Q output Firmware Set and Reset The SRQEN and SRNQEN bits of the SRCON0 register control the Q and Q latch outputs. Both of the SR Latch outputs may be directly output to I/O pins at the same time. Control is determined by the state of bits SRQEN and SRNQEN in the SRCON0 register. The applicable TRIS bit of the corresponding port must be cleared to enable the port pin output driver. The SR Latch can be used in a variety of analog applications, including oscillator circuits, one-shot circuit, hysteretic controllers, and analog timing applications. 20.3 DIVSRCLK Clock Generation 20.1 Latch Operation The DIVSRCLK clock signal is generated from the peripheral clock which is pre-scaled by a value determined by the SRCLK<2:0> bits. See Figure 20-2 and Table for additional detail. The latch is a Set-Reset Latch that does not depend on a clock source. Each of the Set and Reset inputs are active-high. The latch can be set or reset by: * * * * * Software control (SRPS and SRPR bits) Comparator C1 output (SYNCC1OUT) Comparator C2 output (SYNCC2OUT) SRI Pin Programmable clock (DIVSRCLK) 20.4 Effects of a Reset Upon any device Reset, the SR Latch is not initialized, and the SRQ and SRNQ outputs are unknown. The user's firmware is responsible to initialize the latch output before enabling it to the output pins. The SRPS and the SRPR bits of the SRCON0 register may be used to set or reset the SR Latch, respectively. The latch is Reset-dominant. Therefore, if both Set and Reset inputs are high, the latch will go to the Reset state. Both the SRPS and SRPR bits are self resetting which means that a single write to either of the bits is all that is necessary to complete a latch Set or Reset operation. The output from Comparator C1 or C2 can be used as the Set or Reset inputs of the SR Latch. The output of either Comparator can be synchronized to the Timer1 clock source. See Section 18.0 "Comparator Module" and Section 12.0 "Timer1/3/5 Module with Gate Control" for more information. An external source on the SRI pin can be used as the Set or Reset inputs of the SR Latch. An internal clock source, DIVSRCLK, is available and it can periodically set or reset the SR Latch. The SRCLK<2:0> bits in the SRCON0 register are used to select the clock source period. The SRSCKE and SRRCKE bits of the SRCON1 register enable the clock source to set or reset the SR Latch, respectively. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 333 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 20-1: DIVSRCLK BLOCK DIAGRAM 3 SRCLK<2:0> Programmable SRCLK divider 1:4 to 1:512 t0 t0+4 t0+8 t0+12 Peripheral Clock Tosc DIVSRCLK 4-512 cycles ... SRCLK<2:0> = "001" 1:8 FIGURE 20-2: SRPS SR LATCH SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM Pulse Gen(2) SRLEN SRQEN SRI SRSPE DIVSRCLK SRSCKE SYNCC2OUT(3) SRSC2E SYNCC1OUT(3) SRSC1E SRPR Pulse Gen(2) SR Latch(1) S Q SRQ SRI SRRPE DIVSRCLK SRRCKE SYNCC2OUT(3) SRRC2E SYNCC1OUT(3) SRRC1E R Q SRNQ SRLEN SRNQEN Note 1: 2: 3: If R = 1 and S = 1 simultaneously, Q = 0, Q = 1 Pulse generator causes a pulse width of 2 TOSC clock cycles. Name denotes the connection point at the comparator output. DS41412B-page 334 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 20-1: SRCLK<2:0> 111 110 101 100 011 010 001 000 DIVSRCLK FREQUENCY TABLE Divider 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 FOSC = 20 MHz 25.6 s 12.8 s 6.4 s 3.2 s 1.6 s 0.8 s 0.4 s 0.2 s FOSC = 16 MHz 32 s 16 s 8 s 4 s 2 s 1 s 0.5 s 0.25 s FOSC = 8 MHz FOSC = 4 MHz 64 s 32 s 16 s 8 s 4 s 2 s 1 s 0.5 s 128 s 64 s 32 s 16 s 8 s 4 s 2 s 1 s FOSC = 1 MHz 512 s 256 s 128 s 64 s 32 s 16 s 8 s 4 s REGISTER 20-1: R/W-0 SRLEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 SRCON0: SR LATCH CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 SRCLK<2:0> R/W-0 R/W-0 SRQEN R/W-0 SRNQEN R/W-0 SRPS R/W-0 SRPR bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented `0' = Bit is cleared C = Clearable only bit x = Bit is unknown SRLEN: SR Latch Enable bit(1) 1 = SR latch is enabled 0 = SR latch is disabled SRCLK<2:0>: SR Latch Clock Divider Bits 000 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 4 peripheral clock cycles 001 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 8 peripheral clock cycles 010 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 16 peripheral clock cycles 011 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 32 peripheral clock cycles 100 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 64 peripheral clock cycles 101 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 128 peripheral clock cycles 110 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 256 peripheral clock cycles 111 = Generates a 2 TOSC wide pulse on DIVSRCLK every 512 peripheral clock cycles SRQEN: SR Latch Q Output Enable bit 1 = Q is present on the SRQ pin 0 = Q is internal only SRNQEN: SR Latch Q Output Enable bit 1 = Q is present on the SRNQ pin 0 = Q is internal only SRPS: Pulse Set Input of the SR Latch bit(2) 1 = Pulse set input for 2 TOSC clock cycles 0 = No effect on set input SRPR: Pulse Reset Input of the SR Latch bit(2) 1 = Pulse reset input for 2 TOSC clock cycles 0 = No effect on Reset input Changing the SRCLK bits while the SR latch is enabled may cause false triggers to the set and Reset inputs of the latch. Set only, always reads back `0'. bit 6-4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 335 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 20-2: R/W-0 SRSPE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented `0' = Bit is cleared C = Clearable only bit x = Bit is unknown SRCON1: SR LATCH CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/W-0 R/W-0 SRSC2E R/W-0 SRSC1E R/W-0 SRRPE R/W-0 SRRCKE R/W-0 SRRC2E R/W-0 SRRC1E bit 0 SRSCKE SRSPE: SR Latch Peripheral Set Enable bit 1 = SRI pin status sets SR Latch 0 = SRI pin status has no effect on SR Latch SRSCKE: SR Latch Set Clock Enable bit 1 = Set input of SR latch is pulsed with DIVSRCLK 0 = Set input of SR latch is not pulsed with DIVSRCLK SRSC2E: SR Latch C2 Set Enable bit 1 = C2 Comparator output sets SR Latch 0 = C2 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch SRSC1E: SR Latch C1 Set Enable bit 1 = C1 Comparator output sets SR Latch 0 = C1 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch SRRPE: SR Latch Peripheral Reset Enable bit 1 = SRI pin resets SR Latch 0 = SRI pin has no effect on SR Latch SRRCKE: SR Latch Reset Clock Enable bit 1 = Reset input of SR latch is pulsed with DIVSRCLK 0 = Reset input of SR latch is not pulsed with DIVSRCLK SRRC2E: SR Latch C2 Reset Enable bit 1 = C2 Comparator output resets SR Latch 0 = C2 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch SRRC1E: SR Latch C1 Reset Enable bit 1 = C1 Comparator output resets SR Latch 0 = C1 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 TABLE 20-2: Name SRCON0 SRCON1 TRISA TRISB WPUB REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SR LATCH Bit 7 SRLEN SRSPE TRISA7 TRISB7 WPUB7 TRISA6 TRISB6 WPUB6 Bit 6 Bit 5 SRCLK<2:0> SRSCKE SRSC2E SRSC1E TRISA5 TRISB5 WPUB5 TRISA4 TRISB4 WPUB4 Bit 4 Bit 3 SRQEN SRRPE TRISA3 TRISB3 WPUB3 Bit 2 SRNQEN SRRCKE TRISA2 TRISB2 WPUB2 Bit 1 SRPS SRRC2E TRISA1 TRISB1 WPUB1 Bit 0 SRPR SRRC1E TRISA0 TRISB0 WPUB0 Reset Values on page 335 336 154 154 155 Legend: Shaded bits are not used with this module. DS41412B-page 336 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 21.0 FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE (FVR) 21.1 Independent Gain Amplifiers The output of the FVR supplied to the ADC, Comparators and DAC is routed through an independent programmable gain amplifier. The amplifier can be configured to amplify the 1.024V reference voltage by 1x, 2x or 4x, to produce the three possible voltage levels. The FVRS<1:0> bits of the VREFCON0 register are used to enable and configure the gain amplifier settings for the reference supplied to the DAC and Comparator modules. When the ADC module is configured to use the FVR output, (FVR BUF2) the reference is buffered through an additional unity gain amplifier. This buffer is disabled if the ADC is not configured to use the FVR. For specific use of the FVR, refer to the specific module sections: Section 17.0 "Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module", Section 22.0 "Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Module" and Section 18.0 "Comparator Module". The Fixed Voltage Reference, or FVR, is a stable voltage reference, independent of VDD, with 1.024V, 2.048V or 4.096V selectable output levels. The output of the FVR can be configured to supply a reference voltage to the following: * * * * ADC input channel ADC positive reference Comparator positive input Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) The FVR can be enabled by setting the FVREN bit of the VREFCON0 register. 21.2 FVR Stabilization Period When the Fixed Voltage Reference module is enabled, it requires time for the reference and amplifier circuits to stabilize. Once the circuits stabilize and are ready for use, the FVRST bit of the VREFCON0 register will be set. See Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for the minimum delay requirement. FIGURE 21-1: VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM X1 FVR BUF2 (To ADC Module) FVRS<1:0> 2 X1 X2 X4 FVR BUF1 (To Comparators, DAC) FVREN FVRST + _ 1.024V Fixed Reference 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 337 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 21-1: R/W-0 FVREN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared FVREN: Fixed Voltage Reference Enable bit 0 = Fixed Voltage Reference is disabled 1 = Fixed Voltage Reference is enabled FVRST: Fixed Voltage Reference Ready Flag bit 0 = Fixed Voltage Reference output is not ready or not enabled 1 = Fixed Voltage Reference output is ready for use FVRS<1:0>: Fixed Voltage Reference Selection bits 00 = Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is off 01 = Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is 1x (1.024V) 10 = Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is 2x (2.048V)(1) 11 = Fixed Voltage Reference Peripheral output is 4x (4.096V)(1) Reserved: Read as `0'. Maintain these bits clear. Unimplemented: Read as `0'. U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets VREFCON0: FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- FVRST FVRS<1:0> bit 0 bit 6 bit 5-4 bit 3-2 bit 1-0 Note 1: Fixed Voltage Reference output cannot exceed VDD. TABLE 21-1: Name VREFCON0 Legend: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE Bit 7 FVREN Bit 6 FVRST Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 -- Bit 2 -- Bit 1 -- Bit 0 -- Register on Page 338 FVRS<1:0> -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by the FVR module. DS41412B-page 338 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 22.0 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC) MODULE The negative voltage source is disabled by setting the DACLPS bit in the VREFCON1 register. Clearing the DACLPS bit in the VREFCON1 register disables the positive voltage source. The Digital-to-Analog Converter supplies a variable voltage reference, ratiometric with the input source, with 32 selectable output levels. The input of the DAC can be connected to: * External VREF pins * VDD supply voltage * FVR (Fixed Voltage Reference) The output of the DAC can be configured to supply a reference voltage to the following: * Comparator positive input * ADC input channel * DACOUT pin The Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) can be enabled by setting the DACEN bit of the VREFCON1 register. 22.4 Output Clamped to Positive Voltage Source The DAC output voltage can be set to VSRC+ with the least amount of power consumption by performing the following: * Clearing the DACEN bit in the VREFCON1 register. * Setting the DACLPS bit in the VREFCON1 register. * Configuring the DACPSS bits to the proper positive source. * Configuring the DACRx bits to `11111' in the VREFCON2 register. This is also the method used to output the voltage level from the FVR to an output pin. See Section 22.6 "DAC Voltage Reference Output" for more information. 22.1 Output Voltage Selection The DAC has 32 voltage level ranges. The 32 levels are set with the DACR<4:0> bits of the VREFCON2 register. The DAC output voltage is determined by the following equations: 22.5 Output Clamped to Negative Voltage Source EQUATION 22-1: DAC OUTPUT VOLTAGE 2 The DAC output voltage can be set to VSRC- with the least amount of power consumption by performing the following: * Clearing the DACEN bit in the VREFCON1 register. * Clearing the DACLPS bit in the VREFCON1 register. * Configuring the DACPSS bits to the proper negative source. * Configuring the DACRx bits to `00000' in the VREFCON2 register. This allows the comparator to detect a zero-crossing while not consuming additional current through the DAC module. DACR<4:0> VOUT = VSRC+ - VSRC- ------------------------------ + VSRC- 5 VSRC+ = VDD, VREF+ or FVR1 VSRC- = VSS or VREF- 22.2 Ratiometric Output Level The DAC output value is derived using a resistor ladder with each end of the ladder tied to a positive and negative voltage reference input source. If the voltage of either input source fluctuates, a similar fluctuation will result in the DAC output value. The value of the individual resistors within the ladder can be found in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics". 22.6 DAC Voltage Reference Output 22.3 Low-Power Voltage State In order for the DAC module to consume the least amount of power, one of the two voltage reference input sources to the resistor ladder must be disconnected. Either the positive voltage source, (VSRC+), or the negative voltage source, (VSRC-) can be disabled. The DAC can be output to the DACOUT pin by setting the DACOE bit of the VREFCON1 register to `1'. Selecting the DAC reference voltage for output on the DACOUT pin automatically overrides the digital output buffer and digital input threshold detector functions of that pin. Reading the DACOUT pin when it has been configured for DAC reference voltage output will always return a `0'. Due to the limited current drive capability, a buffer must be used on the DAC voltage reference output for external connections to DACOUT. Figure 22-2 shows an example buffering technique. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 339 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 22-1: DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER BLOCK DIAGRAM Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Reserved 11 10 01 00 FVR BUF1 VREF+ VDD DACPSS<1:0> DACEN DACLPS VSRC+ DACR<4:0> 5 R R R R 11111 11110 2 32 Steps R R R DACNSS 32-to-1 MUX R DAC (To Comparator, CSM and ADC Modules) 00001 00000 DACOUT DACOE VREFVSS 1 0 VSRC- FIGURE 22-2: VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT BUFFER EXAMPLE PIC(R) MCU DAC Module R Voltage Reference Output Impedance DACOUT + - Buffered DAC Output DS41412B-page 340 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 22.7 Operation During Sleep 22.8 Effects of a Reset When the device wakes up from Sleep through an interrupt or a Watchdog Timer time-out, the contents of the VREFCON1 register are not affected. To minimize current consumption in Sleep mode, the voltage reference should be disabled. A device Reset affects the following: * DAC is disabled * DAC output voltage is removed from the DACOUT pin * The DAC1R<4:0> range select bits are cleared REGISTER 22-1: R/W-0 DACEN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7 VREFCON1: VOLTAGE REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0 R/W-0 DACOE U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 -- R/W-0 DACNSS bit 0 DACLPS DACPSS<1:0> W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets DACEN: DAC Enable bit 1 = DAC is enabled 0 = DAC is disabled DACLPS: DAC Low-Power Voltage Source Select bit 1 = DAC Positive reference source selected 0 = DAC Negative reference source selected DACOE: DAC Voltage Output Enable bit 1 = DAC voltage level is also an output on the DACOUT pin 0 = DAC voltage level is disconnected from the DACOUT pin Unimplemented: Read as `0' DACPSS<1:0>: DAC Positive Source Select bits 00 = VDD 01 = VREF+ 10 = FVR BUF1 output 11 = Reserved, do not use Unimplemented: Read as `0' DACNSS: DAC Negative Source Select bits 1 = VREF0 = VSS bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3-2 bit 1 bit 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 341 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 22-2: U-0 -- VREFCON2: VOLTAGE REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER 1 U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 DACR<4:0> R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit u = Bit is unchanged `1' = Bit is set bit 7-5 bit 4-0 W = Writable bit x = Bit is unknown `0' = Bit is cleared Unimplemented: Read as `0' DACR<4:0>: DAC Voltage Output Select bits VOUT = ((VSRC+) - (VSRC-))*(DACR<4:0>/(25)) + VSRCU = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n/n = Value at POR and BOR/Value at all other Resets TABLE 22-1: Name VREFCON0 VREFCON1 VREFCON2 Legend: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH DAC MODULE Bit 7 FVREN DACEN -- Bit 6 FVRST DACLPS -- Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 -- Bit 2 -- DACR<4:0> Bit 1 -- -- Bit 0 -- DACNSS Register on Page 338 341 342 FVRS<1:0> DACOE -- -- DACPSS<1:0> -- = Unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by the DAC module. DS41412B-page 342 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 23.0 HIGH/LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT (HLVD) The High/Low-Voltage Detect Control register (Register 23-1) completely controls the operation of the HLVD module. This allows the circuitry to be "turned off" by the user under software control, which minimizes the current consumption for the device. The module's block diagram is shown in Figure 23-1. The PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices have a High/Low-Voltage Detect module (HLVD). This is a programmable circuit that sets both a device voltage trip point and the direction of change from that point. If the device experiences an excursion past the trip point in that direction, an interrupt flag is set. If the interrupt is enabled, the program execution branches to the interrupt vector address and the software responds to the interrupt. REGISTER 23-1: R/W-0 VDIRMAG bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 HLVDCON: HIGH/LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT CONTROL REGISTER R-0 R-0 IRVST R/W-0 HLVDEN R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-1 bit 0 HLVDL<3:0> BGVST W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown VDIRMAG: Voltage Direction Magnitude Select bit 1 = Event occurs when voltage equals or exceeds trip point (HLVDL<3:0>) 0 = Event occurs when voltage equals or falls below trip point (HLVDL<3:0>) BGVST: Band Gap Reference Voltages Stable Status Flag bit 1 = Internal band gap voltage references are stable 0 = Internal band gap voltage reference is not stable IRVST: Internal Reference Voltage Stable Flag bit 1 = Indicates that the voltage detect logic will generate the interrupt flag at the specified voltage range 0 = Indicates that the voltage detect logic will not generate the interrupt flag at the specified voltage range and the HLVD interrupt should not be enabled HLVDEN: High/Low-Voltage Detect Power Enable bit 1 = HLVD enabled 0 = HLVD disabled HLVDL<3:0>: Voltage Detection Level bits(1) 1111 = External analog input is used (input comes from the HLVDIN pin) 1110 = Maximum setting . . . 0000 = Minimum setting See Table 27-4 for specifications. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3-0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 343 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 The module is enabled by setting the HLVDEN bit (HLVDCON<4>). Each time the HLVD module is enabled, the circuitry requires some time to stabilize. The IRVST bit (HLVDCON<5>) is a read-only bit used to indicate when the circuit is stable. The module can only generate an interrupt after the circuit is stable and IRVST is set. The VDIRMAG bit (HLVDCON<7>) determines the overall operation of the module. When VDIRMAG is cleared, the module monitors for drops in VDD below a predetermined set point. When the bit is set, the module monitors for rises in VDD above the set point. trip point voltage. The "trip point" voltage is the voltage level at which the device detects a high or low-voltage event, depending on the configuration of the module. When the supply voltage is equal to the trip point, the voltage tapped off of the resistor array is equal to the internal reference voltage generated by the voltage reference module. The comparator then generates an interrupt signal by setting the HLVDIF bit. The trip point voltage is software programmable to any of 16 values. The trip point is selected by programming the HLVDL<3:0> bits (HLVDCON<3:0>). The HLVD module has an additional feature that allows the user to supply the trip voltage to the module from an external source. This mode is enabled when bits, HLVDL<3:0>, are set to `1111'. In this state, the comparator input is multiplexed from the external input pin, HLVDIN. This gives users the flexibility of configuring the High/Low-Voltage Detect interrupt to occur at any voltage in the valid operating range. 23.1 Operation When the HLVD module is enabled, a comparator uses an internally generated reference voltage as the set point. The set point is compared with the trip point, where each node in the resistor divider represents a FIGURE 23-1: HLVD MODULE BLOCK DIAGRAM (WITH EXTERNAL INPUT) VDD Externally Generated Trip Point VDD HLVDL<3:0> HLVDCON Register HLVDEN VDIRMAG HLVDIN HLVDEN 16-to-1 MUX Set HLVDIF BOREN Internal Voltage Reference 1.024V Typical DS41412B-page 344 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 23.2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. HLVD Setup 23.3 Current Consumption To set up the HLVD module: Select the desired HLVD trip point by writing the value to the HLVDL<3:0> bits. Set the VDIRMAG bit to detect high voltage (VDIRMAG = 1) or low voltage (VDIRMAG = 0). Enable the HLVD module by setting the HLVDEN bit. Clear the HLVD interrupt flag (PIR2<2>), which may have been set from a previous interrupt. If interrupts are desired, enable the HLVD interrupt by setting the HLVDIE and GIE/GIEH bits (PIE2<2> and INTCON<7>, respectively). An interrupt will not be generated until the IRVST bit is set. Note: Before changing any module settings (VDIRMAG, HLVDL<3:0>), first disable the module (HLVDEN = 0), make the changes and re-enable the module. This prevents the generation of false HLVD events. When the module is enabled, the HLVD comparator and voltage divider are enabled and consume static current. The total current consumption, when enabled, is specified in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics". Depending on the application, the HLVD module does not need to operate constantly. To reduce current requirements, the HLVD circuitry may only need to be enabled for short periods where the voltage is checked. After such a check, the module could be disabled. 23.4 HLVD Start-up Time The internal reference voltage of the HLVD module, specified in Section 27.0 "Electrical Characteristics", may be used by other internal circuitry, such as the programmable Brown-out Reset. If the HLVD or other circuits using the voltage reference are disabled to lower the device's current consumption, the reference voltage circuit will require time to become stable before a low or high-voltage condition can be reliably detected. This start-up time, TIRVST, is an interval that is independent of device clock speed. The HLVD interrupt flag is not enabled until TIRVST has expired and a stable reference voltage is reached. For this reason, brief excursions beyond the set point may not be detected during this interval (see Figure 23-2 or Figure 23-3). FIGURE 23-2: CASE 1: VDD LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT OPERATION (VDIRMAG = 0) HLVDIF may not be set VHLVD HLVDIF Enable HLVD IRVST TIRVST Internal Reference is stable CASE 2: VDD VHLVD HLVDIF Enable HLVD IRVST Internal Reference is stable TIRVST HLVDIF cleared in software HLVDIF cleared in software, HLVDIF remains set since HLVD condition still exists HLVDIF cleared in software 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 345 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 23-3: CASE 1: HIGH-VOLTAGE DETECT OPERATION (VDIRMAG = 1) HLVDIF may not be set VHLVD VDD HLVDIF Enable HLVD IRVST TIRVST HLVDIF cleared in software Internal Reference is stable CASE 2: VHLVD VDD HLVDIF Enable HLVD IRVST Internal Reference is stable HLVDIF cleared in software HLVDIF cleared in software, HLVDIF remains set since HLVD condition still exists TIRVST 23.5 Applications FIGURE 23-4: For general battery applications, Figure 23-4 shows a possible voltage curve. Over time, the device voltage decreases. When the device voltage reaches voltage VA, the HLVD logic generates an interrupt at time, TA. The interrupt could cause the execution of an ISR, which would allow the application to perform "housekeeping tasks" and a controlled shutdown before the device voltage exits the valid operating range at TB. This would give the application a time window, represented by the difference between TA and TB, to safely exit. Voltage In many applications, it is desirable to detect a drop below, or rise above, a particular voltage threshold. For example, the HLVD module could be periodically enabled to detect Universal Serial Bus (USB) attach or detach. This assumes the device is powered by a lower voltage source than the USB when detached. An attach would indicate a high-voltage detect from, for example, 3.3V to 5V (the voltage on USB) and vice versa for a detach. This feature could save a design a few extra components and an attach signal (input pin). TYPICAL LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT APPLICATION VA VB Time TA TB Legend: VA = HLVD trip point VB = Minimum valid device operating voltage DS41412B-page 346 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 23.6 Operation During Sleep 23.7 Effects of a Reset When enabled, the HLVD circuitry continues to operate during Sleep. If the device voltage crosses the trip point, the HLVDIF bit will be set and the device will wake-up from Sleep. Device execution will continue from the interrupt vector address if interrupts have been globally enabled. A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state. This forces the HLVD module to be turned off. TABLE 23-1: Name HLVDCON INTCON IPR2 PIE2 PIR2 TRISA REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH/LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT MODULE Bit 7 Bit 6 BGVST C1IP C1IE C1IF TRISA6 Bit 5 IRVST TMR0IE C2IP C2IE C2IF TRISA5 Bit 4 HLVDEN INT0IE EEIP EEIE EEIF TRISA4 RBIE BCL1IP BCL1IE BCL1IF TRISA3 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page 343 RBIF CCP2IP CCP2IE CCP2IF TRISA0 115 128 124 119 154 VDIRMAG OSCFIP OSCFIE OSCFIF TRISA7 HLVDL<3:0> TMR0IF HLVDIP HLVDIE HLVDIF TRISA2 INT0IF TMR3IP TMR3IE TMR3IF TRISA1 GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL Legend: -- = unimplemented locations, read as `0'. Shaded bits are unused by the HLVD module. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 347 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 348 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 24.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU 24.1 Configuration Bits The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as `0') or left unprogrammed (read as `1') to select various device configurations. These bits are mapped starting at program memory location 300000h. The user will note that address 300000h is beyond the user program memory space. In fact, it belongs to the configuration memory space (300000h-3FFFFFh), which can only be accessed using table reads and table writes. Programming the Configuration registers is done in a manner similar to programming the Flash memory. The WR bit in the EECON1 register starts a self-timed write to the Configuration register. In normal operation mode, a TBLWT instruction with the TBLPTR pointing to the Configuration register sets up the address and the data for the Configuration register write. Setting the WR bit starts a long write to the Configuration register. The Configuration registers are written a byte at a time. To write or erase a configuration cell, a TBLWT instruction can write a `1' or a `0' into the cell. For additional details on Flash programming, refer to Section 6.5 "Writing to Flash Program Memory". PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices include several features intended to maximize reliability and minimize cost through elimination of external components. These are: * Oscillator Selection * Resets: - Power-on Reset (POR) - Power-up Timer (PWRT) - Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) - Brown-out Reset (BOR) * Interrupts * Watchdog Timer (WDT) * Code Protection * ID Locations * In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM The oscillator can be configured for the application depending on frequency, power, accuracy and cost. All of the options are discussed in detail in Section 2.0 "Oscillator Module (With Fail-Safe Clock Monitor)". A complete discussion of device Resets and interrupts is available in previous sections of this data sheet. In addition to their Power-up and Oscillator Start-up Timers provided for Resets, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices have a Watchdog Timer, which is either permanently enabled via the Configuration bits or software controlled (if configured as disabled). The inclusion of an internal RC oscillator also provides the additional benefits of a Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) and Two-Speed Start-up. FSCM provides for background monitoring of the peripheral clock and automatic switchover in the event of its failure. TwoSpeed Start-up enables code to be executed almost immediately on start-up, while the primary clock source completes its start-up delays. All of these features are enabled and configured by setting the appropriate Configuration register bits. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 349 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 24-1: Address 300000h 300001h 300002h 300003h 300004h 300005h 300006h 300007h 300008h 300009h 30000Ah 30000Bh 30000Ch 30000Dh 3FFFFEh 3FFFFFh Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: CONFIGURATION BITS AND DEVICE IDs Bit 7 -- IESO -- -- -- MCLRE DEBUG -- -- CPD -- WRTD -- -- Bit 6 -- FCMEN -- -- -- -- XINST -- -- CPB -- WRTB -- EBTRB DEV<2:0> DEV<10:3> -- P2BMX -- -- -- -- -- WRTC(3) -- -- Bit 5 -- PRICLKEN -- Bit 4 -- PLLCFG BORV<1:0> WDPS<3:0> -- T3CMX -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- HFOFST -- -- CP3(2) -- WRT3(2) -- EBTR3(2) -- -- LVP(1) -- CP2(2) -- WRT2(2) -- EBTR2(2) -- REV<4:0> Bit 3 -- Bit 2 -- Bit 1 -- Bit 0 -- PWRTEN -- STRVEN -- CP0 -- WRT0 -- EBTR0 -- Default/ Unprogrammed Value 0000 0000 0010 0101 0001 1111 0011 1111 0000 0000 1011 1111 1000 0101 1111 1111 0000 1111 1100 0000 0000 1111 1110 0000 0000 1111 0100 0000 qqqq qqqq 0101 qqqq Name CONFIG1L CONFIG1H CONFIG2L CONFIG2H CONFIG3L CONFIG3H CONFIG4L CONFIG4H CONFIG5L CONFIG5H CONFIG6L CONFIG6H CONFIG7L CONFIG7H DEVID1(4) DEVID2(4) FOSC<3:0> BOREN<1:0> -- -- -- CP1 -- WRT1 -- EBTR1 -- WDTEN<1:0> CCP3MX PBADEN CCP2MX - = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition. Shaded bits are unimplemented, read as '0'. Can only be changed when in high voltage programming mode. Available on PIC18(L)FX5K22 and PIC18(L)FX6K22 devices only. In user mode, this bit is read-only and cannot be self-programmed. See Register 24-12 and Register 24-13 for DEVID values. DEVID registers are read-only and cannot be programmed by the user. DS41412B-page 350 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-1: R/P-0 IESO bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7 CONFIG1H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 HIGH R/P-0 R/P-1 PRICLKEN R/P-0 PLLCFG R/P-0 R/P-1 R/P-0 R/P-1 bit 0 FOSC<3:0> FCMEN IESO(1): Internal/External Oscillator Switchover bit 1 = Oscillator Switchover mode enabled 0 = Oscillator Switchover mode disabled FCMEN(1): Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit 1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled 0 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled PRICLKEN: Primary Clock Enable bit 1 = Primary Clock is always enabled 0 = Primary Clock can be disabled by software PLLCFG: 4 x PLL Enable bit 1 = 4 x PLL always enabled, Oscillator multiplied by 4 0 = 4 x PLL is under software control, PLLEN (OSCTUNE<6>) FOSC<3:0>: Oscillator Selection bits 1111 = External RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on RA6 1110 = External RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on RA6 1101 = EC oscillator (low power, <500 kHz) 1100 = EC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 (low power, <500 kHz) 1011 = EC oscillator (medium power, 500 kHz-16 MHz) 1010 = EC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 (medium power, 500 kHz-16 MHz) 1001 = Internal oscillator block, CLKOUT function on OSC2 1000 = Internal oscillator block 0111 = External RC oscillator 0110 = External RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 0101 = EC oscillator (high power, >16 MHz) 0100 = EC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 (high power, >16 MHz) 0011= HS oscillator (medium power, 4 MHz-16 MHz) 0010= HS oscillator (high power, >16 MHz) 0001= XT oscillator 0000= LP oscillator When FOSC<3:0> is configured for HS, XT, or LP oscillator and FCMEN bit is set, then the IESO bit should also be set to prevent a false failed clock indication and to enable automatic clock switch over from the internal oscillator block to the external oscillator when the OST times out. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3-0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 351 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-2: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7-5 bit 4-3 Unimplemented: Read as `0' BORV<1:0>: Brown-out Reset Voltage bits(1) 11 = VBOR set to 1.9V nominal 10 = VBOR set to 2.2V nominal 01 = VBOR set to 2.5V nominal 00 = VBOR set to 2.85V nominal BOREN<1:0>: Brown-out Reset Enable bits(2) 11 = Brown-out Reset enabled in hardware only (SBOREN is disabled) 10 = Brown-out Reset enabled in hardware only and disabled in Sleep mode (SBOREN is disabled) 01 = Brown-out Reset enabled and controlled by software (SBOREN is enabled) 00 = Brown-out Reset disabled in hardware and software PWRTEN: Power-up Timer Enable bit(2) 1 = PWRT disabled 0 = PWRT enabled 1: 2: See Section 27.1 "DC Characteristics: Supply Voltage, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22" for specifications. The Power-up Timer is decoupled from Brown-out Reset, allowing these features to be independently controlled. CONFIG2L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 LOW U-0 -- U-0 -- R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 PWRTEN(2) bit 0 BORV<1:0>(1) BOREN<1:0>(2) bit 2-1 bit 0 Note DS41412B-page 352 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-3: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7-6 bit 5-2 Unimplemented: Read as `0' WDTPS<3:0>: Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits 1111 = 1:32,768 1110 = 1:16,384 1101 = 1:8,192 1100 = 1:4,096 1011 = 1:2,048 1010 = 1:1,024 1001 = 1:512 1000 = 1:256 0111 = 1:128 0110 = 1:64 0101 = 1:32 0100 = 1:16 0011 = 1:8 0010 = 1:4 0001 = 1:2 0000 = 1:1 WDTEN<1:0>: Watchdog Timer Enable bits 11 = WDT enabled in hardware; SWDTEN bit disabled 10 = WDT controlled by the SWDTEN bit 01 = WDT enabled when device is active, disabled when device is in Sleep; SWDTEN bit disabled 00 = WDT disabled in hardware; SWDTEN bit disabled CONFIG2H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 HIGH U-0 -- R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 bit 0 WDTPS<3:0> WDTEN<1:0> bit 1-0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 353 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-4: R/P-1 MCLRE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7 CONFIG3H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 HIGH U-0 -- R/P-1 P2BMX R/P-1 T3CMX R/P-1 HFOFST R/P-1 CCP3MX R/P-1 PBADEN R/P-1 CCP2MX bit 0 MCLRE: MCLR Pin Enable bit 1 = MCLR pin enabled; RE3 input pin disabled 0 = RE3 input pin enabled; MCLR disabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' P2BMX: P2B Input MUX bit 1 = P2B is on RB5(1) P2B is on RD2(2) 0 = P2B is on RC0 T3CMX: Timer3 Clock Input MUX bit 1 = T3CKI is on RC0 0 = T3CKI is on RB5 HFOFST: HFINTOSC Fast Start-up bit 1 = HFINTOSC starts clocking the CPU without waiting for the oscillator to stabilize 0 = The system clock is held off until the HFINTOSC is stable CCP3MX: CCP3 MUX bit 1 = CCP3 input/output is multiplexed with RB5 0 = CCP3 input/output is multiplexed with RC6(1) CCP3 input/output is multiplexed with RE0(2) PBADEN: PORTB A/D Enable bit 1 = ANSELB<5:0> resets to 1, PORTB<5:0> pins are configured as analog inputs on Reset 0 = ANSELB<5:0> resets to 0, PORTB<4:0> pins are configured as digital I/O on Reset CCP2MX: CCP2 MUX bit 1 = CCP2 input/output is multiplexed with RC1 0 = CCP2 input/output is multiplexed with RB3 PIC18(L)F2XK22 devices only. PIC18(L)F4XK22 devices only. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2: DS41412B-page 354 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-5: R/P-1 DEBUG bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7 (2) CONFIG4L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 4 LOW R/P-0 XINST U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/P-1 LVP (1) U-0 -- R/P-1 STVREN bit 0 DEBUG: Background Debugger Enable bit(2) 1 = Background debugger disabled, RB6 and RB7 configured as general purpose I/O pins 0 = Background debugger enabled, RB6 and RB7 are dedicated to In-Circuit Debug XINST: Extended Instruction Set Enable bit 1 = Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode enabled 0 = Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode disabled (Legacy mode) Unimplemented: Read as `0' LVP: Single-Supply ICSP Enable bit 1 = Single-Supply ICSP enabled 0 = Single-Supply ICSP disabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' STVREN: Stack Full/Underflow Reset Enable bit 1 = Stack full/underflow will cause Reset 0 = Stack full/underflow will not cause Reset Can only be changed by a programmer in high-voltage programming mode. The DEBUG bit is managed automatically by device development tools including debuggers and programmers. For normal device operations, this bit should be maintained as a `1'. bit 6 bit 5-3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2: REGISTER 24-6: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit CONFIG5L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 5 LOW U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/C-1 CP3(1) R/C-1 CP2(1) R/C-1 CP1 R/C-1 CP0 bit 0 U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7-4 bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as `0' CP3: Code Protection bit(1) 1 = Block 3 not code-protected 0 = Block 3 code-protected CP2: Code Protection bit(1) 1 = Block 2 not code-protected 0 = Block 2 code-protected CP1: Code Protection bit 1 = Block 1 not code-protected 0 = Block 1 code-protected CP0: Code Protection bit 1 = Block 0 not code-protected 0 = Block 0 code-protected bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: Available on PIC18(L)FX5K22 and PIC18(L)FX6K22 devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 355 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-7: R/C-1 CPD bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7 CPD: Data EEPROM Code Protection bit 1 = Data EEPROM not code-protected 0 = Data EEPROM code-protected CPB: Boot Block Code Protection bit 1 = Boot Block not code-protected 0 = Boot Block code-protected Unimplemented: Read as `0' U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit CONFIG5H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 5 HIGH R/C-1 CPB U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0 bit 6 bit 5-0 REGISTER 24-8: U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit CONFIG6L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 6 LOW U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/C-1 WRT3(1) R/C-1 WRT2(1) R/C-1 WRT1 R/C-1 WRT0 bit 0 U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7-4 bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as `0' WRT3: Write Protection bit(1) 1 = Block 3 not write-protected 0 = Block 3 write-protected WRT2: Write Protection bit(1) 1 = Block 2 not write-protected 0 = Block 2 write-protected WRT1: Write Protection bit 1 = Block 1 not write-protected 0 = Block 1 write-protected WRT0: Write Protection bit 1 = Block 0 not write-protected 0 = Block 0 write-protected bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: Available on PIC18(L)FX5K22 and PIC18(L)FX6K22 devices. DS41412B-page 356 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-9: R/C-1 WRTD bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7 WRTD: Data EEPROM Write Protection bit 1 = Data EEPROM not write-protected 0 = Data EEPROM write-protected WRTB: Boot Block Write Protection bit 1 = Boot Block not write-protected 0 = Boot Block write-protected WRTC: Configuration Register Write Protection bit(1) 1 = Configuration registers not write-protected 0 = Configuration registers write-protected Unimplemented: Read as `0' This bit is read-only in normal execution mode; it can be written only in Program mode. U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit CONFIG6H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 6 HIGH R/C-1 WRTB R-1 WRTC (1) U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4-0 Note 1: REGISTER 24-10: CONFIG7L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 7 LOW U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7-4 bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as `0' EBTR3: Table Read Protection bit(1) 1 = Block 3 not protected from table reads executed in other blocks 0 = Block 3 protected from table reads executed in other blocks EBTR2: Table Read Protection bit(1) 1 = Block 2 not protected from table reads executed in other blocks 0 = Block 2 protected from table reads executed in other blocks EBTR1: Table Read Protection bit 1 = Block 1 not protected from table reads executed in other blocks 0 = Block 1 protected from table reads executed in other blocks EBTR0: Table Read Protection bit 1 = Block 0 not protected from table reads executed in other blocks 0 = Block 0 protected from table reads executed in other blocks Available on PIC18(L)FX5K22 and PIC18(L)FX6K22 devices. U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/C-1 EBTR3(1) R/C-1 EBTR2(1) R/C-1 EBTR1 R/C-1 EBTR0 bit 0 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Note 1: 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 357 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 REGISTER 24-11: CONFIG7H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 7 HIGH U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7 bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as `0' EBTRB: Boot Block Table Read Protection bit 1 = Boot Block not protected from table reads executed in other blocks 0 = Boot Block protected from table reads executed in other blocks Unimplemented: Read as `0' U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit R/C-1 EBTRB U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0 bit 5-0 REGISTER 24-12: DEVID1: DEVICE ID REGISTER 1 R DEV2 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7-5 U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit R DEV1 R DEV0 R REV4 R REV3 R REV2 R REV1 R REV0 bit 0 DEV<2:0>: Device ID bits These bits, together with DEV<10:3> in DEVID2, determine the device ID. See Table 24-2 for complete Device ID list. REV<4:0>: Revision ID bits These bits indicate the device revision. bit 4-0 REGISTER 24-13: DEVID2: DEVICE ID REGISTER 2 R DEV10 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value when device is unprogrammed bit 7-0 U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' C = Clearable only bit R DEV9 R DEV8 R DEV7 R DEV6 R DEV5 R DEV4 R DEV3 bit 0 DEV<10:3>: Device ID bits These bits, together with DEV<2:0> in DEVID1, determine the device ID. See Table 24-2 for complete Device ID list. DS41412B-page 358 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 24-2: DEVICE ID TABLE FOR THE PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FAMILY DEV<2:0> 000 0101 0100 001 010 011 000 0101 0101 001 010 011 000 0101 0110 001 010 011 000 0101 0111 001 010 011 Part Number PIC18F46K22 PIC18LF46K22 PIC18F26K22 PIC18LF26K22 PIC18F45K22 PIC18LF45K22 PIC18F25K22 PIC18LF25K22 PIC18F44K22 PIC18LF44K22 PIC18F24K22 PIC18LF24K22 PIC18F43K22 PIC18LF43K22 PIC18F23K22 PIC18LF23K22 DEV<10:3> 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 359 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 24.2 Watchdog Timer (WDT) For PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices, the WDT is driven by the LFINTOSC source. When the WDT is enabled, the clock source is also enabled. The nominal WDT period is 4 ms and has the same stability as the LFINTOSC oscillator. The 4 ms period of the WDT is multiplied by a 16-bit postscaler. Any output of the WDT postscaler is selected by a multiplexer, controlled by bits in Configuration Register 2H. Available periods range from 4 ms to 131.072 seconds (2.18 minutes). The WDT and postscaler are cleared when any of the following events occur: a SLEEP or CLRWDT instruction is executed, the IRCF bits of the OSCCON register are changed or a clock failure has occurred. Note 1: The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions clear the WDT and postscaler counts when executed. 2: Changing the setting of the IRCF bits of the OSCCON register clears the WDT and postscaler counts. 3: When a CLRWDT instruction is executed, the postscaler count will be cleared. FIGURE 24-1: SWDTEN WDTEN LFINTOSC Source Change on IRCF bits CLRWDT All Device Resets WDTPS<3:0> Sleep WDT BLOCK DIAGRAM Enable WDT WDT Counter 128 Wake-up from Power Managed Modes Programmable Postscaler 1:1 to 1:32,768 4 Reset WDT Reset DS41412B-page 360 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 24.2.1 CONTROL REGISTER Register 24-14 shows the WDTCON register. This is a readable and writable register which contains a control bit that allows software to override the WDT enable Configuration bit, but only if the Configuration bit has disabled the WDT. REGISTER 24-14: WDTCON: WATCHDOG TIMER CONTROL REGISTER U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-1 bit 0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 SWDTEN(1) bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' SWDTEN: Software Enable or Disable the Watchdog Timer bit(1) 1 = WDT is turned on 0 = WDT is turned off (Reset value) This bit has no effect if the Configuration bit, WDTEN, is enabled. Note 1: TABLE 24-3: Name RCON WDTCON REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH WATCHDOG TIMER Bit 7 IPEN -- Bit 6 SBOREN -- Bit 5 -- -- Bit 4 RI -- Bit 3 TO -- Bit 2 PD -- Bit 1 POR -- Bit 0 BOR SWDTEN Reset Values on Page 60 361 Legend: -- = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by the Watchdog Timer. TABLE 24-4: Name CONFIG2H CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH WATCHDOG TIMER Bit 7 -- Bit 6 -- Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on Page 353 WDPS<3:0> WDTEN<1:0> Legend: -- = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded bits are not used by the Watchdog Timer. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 361 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 24.3 Program Verification and Code Protection Each of the blocks has three code protection bits associated with them. They are: * Code-Protect bit (CPn) * Write-Protect bit (WRTn) * External Block Table Read bit (EBTRn) Figure 24-2 shows the program memory organization for 8, 16 and 32-Kbyte devices and the specific code protection bit associated with each block. The actual locations of the bits are summarized in Table . The overall structure of the code protection on the PIC18 Flash devices differs significantly from other PIC(R) microcontroller devices. The user program memory is divided into three or five blocks, depending on the device. One of these is a Boot Block of 0.5K or 2K bytes, depending on the device. The remainder of the memory is divided into individual blocks on binary boundaries. FIGURE 24-2: CODE-PROTECTED PROGRAM MEMORY FOR PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 MEMORY SIZE/DEVICE Block Code Protection Controlled By: 8 Kbytes 16 Kbytes 32 Kbytes 64 Kbytes (PIC18(L)FX3K22) (PIC18(L)FX4K22) (PIC18(L)FX5K22) (PIC18(L)FX6K22) Boot Block (000h-1FFh) Block 0 (200h-FFFh) Block 1 (1000h-1FFFh) Boot Block (000h-7FFh) Block 0 (800h-1FFFh) Block 1 (2000h-3FFFh) Boot Block (000h-7FFh) Block 0 (800h-1FFFh) Block 1 (2000h-3FFFh) Block 2 (4000h-5FFFh) Block 3 (6000h-7FFFh) Unimplemented Read `0's (2000h-1FFFFFh) Unimplemented Read `0's (4000h-1FFFFFh) Unimplemented Unimplemented Read `0's Read `0's (8000h-1FFFFFh) (10000h-1FFFFFh) Boot Block (000h-7FFh) Block 0 (800h-3FFFh) Block 1 (4000h-7FFFh) Block 2 (8000h-BFFFh) Block 3 (C000h-FFFFh) CPB, WRTB, EBTRB CP0, WRT0, EBTR0 CP1, WRT1, EBTR1 CP2, WRT2, EBTR2 CP3, WRT3, EBTR3 (Unimplemented Memory Space) TABLE 24-5: File Name 300008h 300009h 30000Ah 30000Bh 30000Ch 30000Dh Note CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CODE PROTECTION Bit 7 -- CPD -- WRTD -- -- Bit 6 -- CPB -- WRTB -- EBTRB Bit 5 -- -- -- WRTC(2) -- -- Bit 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Bit 3 CP3(1) -- WRT3(1) -- EBTR3(1) -- Bit 2 CP2(1) -- WRT2(1) -- EBTR2(1) -- Bit 1 CP1 -- WRT1 -- EBTR1 -- Bit 0 CP0 -- WRT0 -- EBTR0 -- CONFIG5L CONFIG5H CONFIG6L CONFIG6H CONFIG7L CONFIG7H Legend: Shaded bits are unimplemented. 1: Available on PIC18(L)FX5K22 and PIC18(L)FX6K22 devices only. 2: In user mode, this bit is read-only and cannot be self-programmed. DS41412B-page 362 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 24.3.1 PROGRAM MEMORY CODE PROTECTION The program memory may be read to or written from any location using the table read and table write instructions. The device ID may be read with table reads. The Configuration registers may be read and written with the table read and table write instructions. In normal execution mode, the CPn bits have no direct effect. CPn bits inhibit external reads and writes. A block of user memory may be protected from table writes if the WRTn Configuration bit is `0'. The EBTRn bits control table reads. For a block of user memory with the EBTRn bit cleared to `0', a table READ instruction that executes from within that block is allowed to read. A table read instruction that executes from a location outside of that block is not allowed to read and will result in reading `0's. Figures 24-3 through 24-5 illustrate table write and table read protection. Note: Code protection bits may only be written to a `0' from a `1' state. It is not possible to write a `1' to a bit in the `0' state. Code protection bits are only set to `1' by a full chip erase or block erase function. The full chip erase and block erase functions can only be initiated via ICSPTM or an external programmer. FIGURE 24-3: TABLE WRITE (WRTn) DISALLOWED Program Memory 000000h 0007FFh 000800h WRTB, EBTRB = 11 Configuration Bit Settings Register Values TBLPTR = 0008FFh PC = 001FFEh TBLWT* 001FFFh 002000h WRT0, EBTR0 = 01 WRT1, EBTR1 = 11 003FFFh 004000h PC = 005FFEh TBLWT* 005FFFh 006000h WRT3, EBTR3 = 11 007FFFh Results: All table writes disabled to Blockn whenever WRTn = 0. WRT2, EBTR2 = 11 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 363 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 24-4: EXTERNAL BLOCK TABLE READ (EBTRn) DISALLOWED Program Memory 000000h 0007FFh 000800h TBLPTR = 0008FFh WRTB, EBTRB = 11 Configuration Bit Settings Register Values WRT0, EBTR0 = 10 001FFFh 002000h PC = 003FFEh TBLRD* 003FFFh 004000h 005FFFh 006000h WRT1, EBTR1 = 11 WRT2, EBTR2 = 11 WRT3, EBTR3 = 11 007FFFh Results: All table reads from external blocks to Blockn are disabled whenever EBTRn = 0. TABLAT register returns a value of `0'. FIGURE 24-5: EXTERNAL BLOCK TABLE READ (EBTRn) ALLOWED Program Memory 000000h 0007FFh 000800h Configuration Bit Settings WRTB, EBTRB = 11 Register Values TBLPTR = 0008FFh PC = 001FFEh TBLRD* 001FFFh 002000h WRT0, EBTR0 = 10 WRT1, EBTR1 = 11 003FFFh 004000h WRT2, EBTR2 = 11 005FFFh 006000h WRT3, EBTR3 = 11 007FFFh Results: Table reads permitted within Blockn, even when EBTRBn = 0. TABLAT register returns the value of the data at the location TBLPTR. DS41412B-page 364 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 24.3.2 DATA EEPROM CODE PROTECTION The entire data EEPROM is protected from external reads and writes by two bits: CPD and WRTD. CPD inhibits external reads and writes of data EEPROM. WRTD inhibits internal and external writes to data EEPROM. The CPU can always read data EEPROM under normal operation, regardless of the protection bit settings. To use the In-Circuit Debugger function of the microcontroller, the design must implement In-Circuit Serial Programming connections to the following pins: * * * * * MCLR/VPP/RE3 VDD VSS RB7 RB6 24.3.3 CONFIGURATION REGISTER PROTECTION This will interface to the In-Circuit Debugger module available from Microchip or one of the third party development tool companies. The Configuration registers can be write-protected. The WRTC bit controls protection of the Configuration registers. In normal execution mode, the WRTC bit is readable only. WRTC can only be written via ICSP or an external programmer. 24.7 Single-Supply ICSP Programming 24.4 ID Locations Eight memory locations (200000h-200007h) are designated as ID locations, where the user can store checksum or other code identification numbers. These locations are both readable and writable during normal execution through the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions or during program/verify. The ID locations can be read when the device is code-protected. The LVP Configuration bit enables Single-Supply ICSP Programming (formerly known as Low-Voltage ICSP Programming or LVP). When Single-Supply Programming is enabled, the microcontroller can be programmed without requiring high voltage being applied to the MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin. See "PIC18(L)F2XK22/4XK22 Flash Memory Programming" (DS41398) for more details about low voltage programming. Note 1: High-voltage programming is always available, regardless of the state of the LVP bit, by applying VIHH to the MCLR pin. 2: By default, Single-Supply ICSP is enabled in unprogrammed devices (as supplied from Microchip) and erased devices. 3: While in Low-Voltage ICSP mode, MCLR is always enabled, regardless of the MCLRE bit, and the RE3 pin can no longer be used as a general purpose input. The LVP bit may be set or cleared only when using standard high-voltage programming (VIHH applied to the MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin). Once LVP has been disabled, only the standard high-voltage programming is available and must be used to program the device. Memory that is not code-protected can be erased using either a block erase, or erased row by row, then written at any specified VDD. If code-protected memory is to be erased, a block erase is required. 24.5 In-Circuit Serial Programming PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices can be serially programmed while in the end application circuit. This is simply done with two lines for clock and data and three other lines for power, ground and the programming voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards with unprogrammed devices and then program the microcontroller just before shipping the product. This also allows the most recent firmware or a custom firmware to be programmed. 24.6 In-Circuit Debugger When the DEBUG Configuration bit is programmed to a `0', the In-Circuit Debugger functionality is enabled. This function allows simple debugging functions when used with MPLAB(R) IDE. When the microcontroller has this feature enabled, some resources are not available for general use. Table 24-6 shows which resources are required by the background debugger. TABLE 24-6: I/O pins: DEBUGGER RESOURCES RB6, RB7 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 365 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 366 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 25.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices incorporate the standard set of 75 PIC18 core instructions, as well as an extended set of 8 new instructions, for the optimization of code that is recursive or that utilizes a software stack. The extended set is discussed later in this section. The literal instructions may use some of the following operands: * A literal value to be loaded into a file register (specified by `k') * The desired FSR register to load the literal value into (specified by `f') * No operand required (specified by `--') The control instructions may use some of the following operands: * A program memory address (specified by `n') * The mode of the CALL or RETURN instructions (specified by `s') * The mode of the table read and table write instructions (specified by `m') * No operand required (specified by `--') All instructions are a single word, except for four double-word instructions. These instructions were made double-word to contain the required information in 32 bits. In the second word, the 4 MSbs are `1's. If this second word is executed as an instruction (by itself), it will execute as a NOP. All single-word instructions are executed in a single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of the instruction. In these cases, the execution takes two instruction cycles, with the additional instruction cycle(s) executed as a NOP. The double-word instructions execute in two instruction cycles. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is true, or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 s. Two-word branch instructions (if true) would take 3 s. Figure 25-1 shows the general formats that the instructions can have. All examples use the convention `nnh' to represent a hexadecimal number. The Instruction Set Summary, shown in Table 25-2, lists the standard instructions recognized by the Microchip Assembler (MPASMTM). Section 25.1.1 "Standard Instruction Set" provides a description of each instruction. 25.1 Standard Instruction Set The standard PIC18 instruction set adds many enhancements to the previous PIC(R) MCU instruction sets, while maintaining an easy migration from these PIC(R) MCU instruction sets. Most instructions are a single program memory word (16 bits), but there are four instructions that require two program memory locations. Each single-word instruction is a 16-bit word divided into an opcode, which specifies the instruction type and one or more operands, which further specify the operation of the instruction. The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped into four basic categories: * * * * Byte-oriented operations Bit-oriented operations Literal operations Control operations The PIC18 instruction set summary in Table 25-2 lists byte-oriented, bit-oriented, literal and control operations. Table 25-1 shows the opcode field descriptions. Most byte-oriented instructions have three operands: 1. 2. 3. The file register (specified by `f') The destination of the result (specified by `d') The accessed memory (specified by `a') The file register designator `f' specifies which file register is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator `d' specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If `d' is zero, the result is placed in the WREG register. If `d' is one, the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. All bit-oriented instructions have three operands: 1. 2. 3. The file register (specified by `f') The bit in the file register (specified by `b') The accessed memory (specified by `a') The bit field designator `b' selects the number of the bit affected by the operation, while the file register designator `f' represents the number of the file in which the bit is located. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 367 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 25-1: Field a OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS Description RAM access bit a = 0: RAM location in Access RAM (BSR register is ignored) a = 1: RAM bank is specified by BSR register Bit address within an 8-bit file register (0 to 7). Bank Select Register. Used to select the current RAM bank. ALU Status bits: Carry, Digit Carry, Zero, Overflow, Negative. Destination select bit d = 0: store result in WREG d = 1: store result in file register f Destination: either the WREG register or the specified register file location. 8-bit Register file address (00h to FFh) or 2-bit FSR designator (0h to 3h). 12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the source address. 12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the destination address. Global Interrupt Enable bit. Literal field, constant data or label (may be either an 8-bit, 12-bit or a 20-bit value). Label name. The mode of the TBLPTR register for the table read and table write instructions. Only used with table read and table write instructions: No change to register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes) Post-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes) Post-Decrement register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes) Pre-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes) The relative address (2's complement number) for relative branch instructions or the direct address for CALL/BRANCH and RETURN instructions. Program Counter. Program Counter Low Byte. Program Counter High Byte. Program Counter High Byte Latch. Program Counter Upper Byte Latch. Power-down bit. Product of Multiply High Byte. Product of Multiply Low Byte. Fast Call/Return mode select bit s = 0: do not update into/from shadow registers s = 1: certain registers loaded into/from shadow registers (Fast mode) 21-bit Table Pointer (points to a Program Memory location). 8-bit Table Latch. Time-out bit. Top-of-Stack. Unused or unchanged. Watchdog Timer. Working register (accumulator). Don't care (`0' or `1'). The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. 7-bit offset value for indirect addressing of register files (source). 7-bit offset value for indirect addressing of register files (destination). bbb BSR C, DC, Z, OV, N d dest f fs fd GIE k label mm * *+ *+* n PC PCL PCH PCLATH PCLATU PD PRODH PRODL s TBLPTR TABLAT TO TOS u WDT WREG x zs zd { } [text] (text) [expr] Optional argument. Indicates an indexed address. The contents of text. Specifies bit n of the register indicated by the pointer expr. Assigned to. Register bit field. In the set of. User defined term (font is Courier). DS41412B-page 368 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 25-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS Byte-oriented file register operations 15 10 9 87 OPCODE d a 0 f (FILE #) ADDWF MYREG, W, B Example Instruction d = 0 for result destination to be WREG register d = 1 for result destination to be file register (f) a = 0 to force Access Bank a = 1 for BSR to select bank f = 8-bit file register address Byte to Byte move operations (2-word) 15 12 11 OPCODE 15 12 11 1111 f (Destination FILE #) 0 f (Source FILE #) 0 MOVFF MYREG1, MYREG2 f = 12-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 15 12 11 98 7 f (FILE #) 0 BSF MYREG, bit, B OPCODE b (BIT #) a b = 3-bit position of bit in file register (f) a = 0 to force Access Bank a = 1 for BSR to select bank f = 8-bit file register address Literal operations 15 OPCODE k = 8-bit immediate value Control operations CALL, GOTO and Branch operations 15 OPCODE 15 1111 12 11 n<19:8> (literal) 87 n<7:0> (literal) 0 0 GOTO Label 8 7 k (literal) 0 MOVLW 7Fh n = 20-bit immediate value 15 OPCODE 15 1111 S = Fast bit 15 OPCODE 15 OPCODE 11 10 n<10:0> (literal) 87 n<7:0> (literal) 0 BC MYFUNC 0 BRA MYFUNC 12 11 n<19:8> (literal) 87 S n<7:0> (literal) 0 0 CALL MYFUNC 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 369 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 25-2: Mnemonic, Operands PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 INSTRUCTION SET Description Cycles 16-Bit Instruction Word MSb LSb Status Affected Notes BYTE-ORIENTED OPERATIONS ADDWF ADDWFC ANDWF CLRF COMF CPFSEQ CPFSGT CPFSLT DECF DECFSZ DCFSNZ INCF INCFSZ INFSNZ IORWF MOVF MOVFF MOVWF MULWF NEGF RLCF RLNCF RRCF RRNCF SETF SUBFWB SUBWF SUBWFB SWAPF TSTFSZ XORWF Note 1: f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, a f, d, a f, a f, a f, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a fs, fd f, a f, a f, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, d, a f, a f, d, a Add WREG and f Add WREG and CARRY bit to f AND WREG with f Clear f Complement f Compare f with WREG, skip = Compare f with WREG, skip > Compare f with WREG, skip < Decrement f Decrement f, Skip if 0 Decrement f, Skip if Not 0 Increment f Increment f, Skip if 0 Increment f, Skip if Not 0 Inclusive OR WREG with f Move f Move fs (source) to 1st word fd (destination) 2nd word Move WREG to f Multiply WREG with f Negate f Rotate Left f through Carry Rotate Left f (No Carry) Rotate Right f through Carry Rotate Right f (No Carry) Set f Subtract f from WREG with borrow Subtract WREG from f Subtract WREG from f with borrow Swap nibbles in f Test f, skip if 0 Exclusive OR WREG with f 1 1 1 1 1 1 (2 or 3) 1 (2 or 3) 1 (2 or 3) 1 1 (2 or 3) 1 (2 or 3) 1 1 (2 or 3) 1 (2 or 3) 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (2 or 3) 1 0010 0010 0001 0110 0001 0110 0110 0110 0000 0010 0100 0010 0011 0100 0001 0101 1100 1111 0110 0000 0110 0011 0100 0011 0100 0110 0101 0101 0101 0011 0110 0001 01da 00da 01da 101a 11da 001a 010a 000a 01da 11da 11da 10da 11da 10da 00da 00da ffff ffff 111a 001a 110a 01da 01da 00da 00da 100a 01da 11da 10da 10da 011a 10da ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N C, DC, Z, OV, N Z, N Z Z, N None None None C, DC, Z, OV, N None None C, DC, Z, OV, N None None Z, N Z, N None None None C, DC, Z, OV, N C, Z, N Z, N C, Z, N Z, N None C, DC, Z, OV, N 1, 2 1, 2 1,2 2 1, 2 4 4 1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4 4 1, 2 1, 2 1 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N ffff None ffff None ffff Z, N 1, 2 4 1, 2 2: 3: 4: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is `1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a `0'. If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and where applicable, `d' = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned. If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP. Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16 bits. This ensures that all program memory locations have a valid instruction. DS41412B-page 370 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 25-2: Mnemonic, Operands BIT-ORIENTED OPERATIONS BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS BTG BC BN BNC BNN BNOV BNZ BOV BRA BZ CALL CLRWDT DAW GOTO NOP NOP POP PUSH RCALL RESET RETFIE RETLW RETURN SLEEP Note 1: f, b, a f, b, a f, b, a f, b, a f, d, a n n n n n n n n n n, s -- -- n -- -- -- -- n s k s -- Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Bit Test f, Skip if Set Bit Toggle f Branch if Carry Branch if Negative Branch if Not Carry Branch if Not Negative Branch if Not Overflow Branch if Not Zero Branch if Overflow Branch Unconditionally Branch if Zero Call subroutine 1st word 2nd word Clear Watchdog Timer Decimal Adjust WREG Go to address 1st word 2nd word No Operation No Operation Pop top of return stack (TOS) Push top of return stack (TOS) Relative Call Software device Reset Return from interrupt enable Return with literal in WREG Return from Subroutine Go into Standby mode 1 1 1 (2 or 3) 1 (2 or 3) 1 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (2) 2 1 (2) 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1001 1000 1011 1010 0111 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1101 1110 1110 1111 0000 0000 1110 1111 0000 1111 0000 0000 1101 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 bbba bbba bbba bbba bbba 0010 0110 0011 0111 0101 0001 0100 0nnn 0000 110s kkkk 0000 0000 1111 kkkk 0000 xxxx 0000 0000 1nnn 0000 0000 1100 0000 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn kkkk kkkk 0000 0000 kkkk kkkk 0000 xxxx 0000 0000 nnnn 1111 0001 kkkk 0001 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn kkkk kkkk 0100 0111 kkkk kkkk 0000 xxxx 0110 0101 nnnn 1111 000s None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None TO, PD C None 1, 2 1, 2 3, 4 3, 4 1, 2 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED) Description Cycles 16-Bit Instruction Word MSb LSb Status Affected Notes CONTROL OPERATIONS None None None None None All GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL kkkk None 001s None 0011 TO, PD 4 2: 3: 4: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is `1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a `0'. If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and where applicable, `d' = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned. If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP. Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16 bits. This ensures that all program memory locations have a valid instruction. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 371 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 25-2: Mnemonic, Operands LITERAL OPERATIONS ADDLW ANDLW IORLW LFSR MOVLB MOVLW MULLW RETLW SUBLW XORLW TBLRD* TBLRD*+ TBLRD*TBLRD+* TBLWT* TBLWT*+ TBLWT*TBLWT+* Note 1: k k k f, k k k k k k k Add literal and WREG AND literal with WREG Inclusive OR literal with WREG Move literal (12-bit) 2nd word to FSR(f) 1st word Move literal to BSR<3:0> Move literal to WREG Multiply literal with WREG Return with literal in WREG Subtract WREG from literal Exclusive OR literal with WREG Table Read Table Read with post-increment Table Read with post-decrement Table Read with pre-increment Table Write Table Write with post-increment Table Write with post-decrement Table Write with pre-increment 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 0000 0000 0000 1110 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1011 1001 1110 0000 0001 1110 1101 1100 1000 1010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk 00ff kkkk 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 C, DC, Z, OV, N Z, N Z, N None None None None None C, DC, Z, OV, N Z, N None None None None None None None None PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED) Description Cycles 16-Bit Instruction Word MSb LSb Status Affected Notes DATA MEMORY PROGRAM MEMORY OPERATIONS 2 2: 3: 4: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is `1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a `0'. If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and where applicable, `d' = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned. If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP. Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16 bits. This ensures that all program memory locations have a valid instruction. DS41412B-page 372 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 25.1.1 ADDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: STANDARD INSTRUCTION SET ADD literal to W ADDLW 0 k 255 (W) + k W N, OV, C, DC, Z 0000 1111 kkkk kkkk The contents of W are added to the 8-bit literal `k' and the result is placed in W. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read literal `k' Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to W Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: k ADDWF Syntax: Operands: ADD W to f ADDWF 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (W) + (f) dest N, OV, C, DC, Z 0010 01da ffff ffff Add W to register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 f {,d {,a}} Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: ADDLW 15h Before Instruction W = 10h After Instruction W = 25h Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' ADDWF 17h 0C2h 0D9h 0C2h Q3 Process Data REG, 0, 0 Q4 Write to destination Example: W = REG = After Instruction W REG = = Before Instruction Note: All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 373 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 ADDWFC Syntax: Operands: ADD W and CARRY bit to f ADDWFC 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (W) + (f) + (C) dest N,OV, C, DC, Z 0010 00da ffff ffff Add W, the CARRY flag and data memory location `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed in data memory location `f'. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 f {,d {,a}} ANDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode AND literal with W ANDLW 0 k 255 (W) .AND. k W N, Z 0000 1011 kkkk kkkk The contents of W are AND'ed with the 8-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in W. 1 1 Q2 Read literal `k' ANDLW A3h 03h Q3 Process Data 05Fh Q4 Write to W k Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Example: W = After Instruction W = Before Instruction Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' ADDWFC 1 02h 4Dh 0 02h 50h Q3 Process Data REG, 0, 1 Q4 Write to destination Example: Before Instruction CARRY bit = REG = W = After Instruction CARRY bit = REG = W = DS41412B-page 374 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 ANDWF Syntax: Operands: AND W with f ANDWF 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (W) .AND. (f) dest N, Z 0001 01da ffff ffff The contents of W are AND'ed with register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read register `f' ANDWF 17h C2h 02h C2h Q3 Process Data REG, 0, 0 Q4 Write to destination f {,d {,a}} BC Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Carry BC n -128 n 127 if CARRY bit is `1' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0010 nnnn nnnn If the CARRY bit is `1', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q1 Decode Q2 Read literal `n' No operation Q2 Read literal `n' HERE = = = = = Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BC 5 Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: W = REG = After Instruction W REG = = Before Instruction Example: Before Instruction PC After Instruction If CARRY PC If CARRY PC address (HERE) 1; address (HERE + 12) 0; address (HERE + 2) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 375 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BCF Syntax: Operands: Bit Clear f BCF f, b {,a} 0 f 255 0b7 a [0,1] 0 f None 1001 bbba ffff ffff Bit `b' in register `f' is cleared. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' BCF Q3 Process Data FLAG_REG, C7h 47h Q4 Write register `f' 7, 0 BN Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Negative BN n -128 n 127 if NEGATIVE bit is `1' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0110 nnnn nnnn If the NEGATIVE bit is `1', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q1 Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q2 Read literal `n' No operation Q2 Read literal `n' HERE = = = = = Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BN Jump Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Example: Decode Before Instruction FLAG_REG = After Instruction FLAG_REG = Example: Before Instruction PC After Instruction If NEGATIVE PC If NEGATIVE PC address (HERE) 1; address (Jump) 0; address (HERE + 2) DS41412B-page 376 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BNC Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Not Carry BNC n -128 n 127 if CARRY bit is `0' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0011 nnnn nnnn If the CARRY bit is `0', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) BNN Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Not Negative BNN n -128 n 127 if NEGATIVE bit is `0' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0111 nnnn nnnn If the NEGATIVE bit is `0', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q1 Decode Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q2 Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BNC Jump Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q2 Q1 Decode Q2 Read literal `n' No operation Q2 Read literal `n' HERE = = = = = Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BNN Jump Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Read literal `n' No operation Read literal `n' HERE = = = = = Example: Example: Before Instruction PC After Instruction If CARRY PC If CARRY PC address (HERE) 0; address (Jump) 1; address (HERE + 2) Before Instruction PC After Instruction If NEGATIVE PC If NEGATIVE PC address (HERE) 0; address (Jump) 1; address (HERE + 2) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 377 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BNOV Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Not Overflow BNOV n -128 n 127 if OVERFLOW bit is `0' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0101 nnnn nnnn If the OVERFLOW bit is `0', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) BNZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Not Zero BNZ n -128 n 127 if ZERO bit is `0' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0001 nnnn nnnn If the ZERO bit is `0', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q1 Decode Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q2 Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BNOV Jump address (HERE) 0; address (Jump) 1; address (HERE + 2) Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q2 Q1 Decode Q2 Read literal `n' No operation Q2 Read literal `n' HERE = = = = = Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BNZ Jump Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Read literal `n' No operation Read literal `n' HERE Example: Example: Before Instruction PC = After Instruction If OVERFLOW = PC = If OVERFLOW = PC = Before Instruction PC After Instruction If ZERO PC If ZERO PC address (HERE) 0; address (Jump) 1; address (HERE + 2) DS41412B-page 378 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BRA Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Unconditional Branch BRA n -1024 n 1023 (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1101 0nnn nnnn nnnn Add the 2's complement number `2n' to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2 Q1 Decode No operation Q2 Read literal `n' No operation Q3 Process Data No operation Q4 Write to PC No operation BSF Syntax: Operands: Bit Set f BSF f, b {,a} 0 f 255 0b7 a [0,1] 1 f None 1000 bbba ffff ffff Bit `b' in register `f' is set. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' BSF = = Q3 Process Data Q4 Write register `f' Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Example: HERE = = BRA Jump Before Instruction PC After Instruction PC address (HERE) address (Jump) Example: FLAG_REG, 7, 1 0Ah 8Ah Before Instruction FLAG_REG After Instruction FLAG_REG 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 379 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BTFSC Syntax: Operands: Bit Test File, Skip if Clear BTFSC f, b {,a} 0 f 255 0b7 a [0,1] skip if (f) = 0 None 1011 bbba ffff ffff If bit `b' in register `f' is `0', then the next instruction is skipped. If bit `b' is `0', then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' Q2 No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE FALSE TRUE = = = = = Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation BTFSC : : Q4 No operation BTFSS Syntax: Operands: Bit Test File, Skip if Set BTFSS f, b {,a} 0 f 255 0b<7 a [0,1] skip if (f) = 1 None 1010 bbba ffff ffff If bit `b' in register `f' is `1', then the next instruction is skipped. If bit `b' is `1', then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation BTFSS : : Q4 No operation Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode If skip: Q2 Read register `f' Q2 No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE FALSE TRUE = = = = = If skip: Q1 No operation Q1 No operation No operation Example: Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation Q1 No operation Q1 No operation No operation Example: If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: FLAG, 1, 0 FLAG, 1, 0 Before Instruction PC After Instruction If FLAG<1> PC If FLAG<1> PC address (HERE) 0; address (TRUE) 1; address (FALSE) Before Instruction PC After Instruction If FLAG<1> PC If FLAG<1> PC address (HERE) 0; address (FALSE) 1; address (TRUE) DS41412B-page 380 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BTG Syntax: Operands: Bit Toggle f BTG f, b {,a} 0 f 255 0b<7 a [0,1] (f) f None 0111 bbba ffff ffff Bit `b' in data memory location `f' is inverted. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' BTG Q3 Process Data PORTC, 4, 0 Q4 Write register `f' BOV Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Overflow BOV n -128 n 127 if OVERFLOW bit is `1' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0100 nnnn nnnn If the OVERFLOW bit is `1', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q1 Decode Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q2 Read literal `n' No operation Q2 Read literal `n' HERE Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BOV Jump Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Example: Before Instruction: PORTC = 0111 0101 [75h] After Instruction: PORTC = 0110 0101 [65h] Example: Before Instruction PC = After Instruction If OVERFLOW = PC = If OVERFLOW = PC = address (HERE) 1; address (Jump) 0; address (HERE + 2) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 381 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 BZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Branch if Zero BZ n -128 n 127 if ZERO bit is `1' (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1110 0000 nnnn nnnn If the ZERO bit is `1', then the program will branch. The 2's complement number `2n' is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2) CALL Syntax: Operands: Operation: Subroutine Call CALL k {,s} 0 k 1048575 s [0,1] (PC) + 4 TOS, k PC<20:1>, if s = 1 (W) WS, (Status) STATUSS, (BSR) BSRS None 1110 1111 110s k19kkk k7kkk kkkk kkkk0 kkkk8 Status Affected: Encoding: 1st word (k<7:0>) 2nd word(k<19:8>) Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: If Jump: Q1 Decode No operation If No Jump: Q1 Decode Q2 Read literal `n' No operation Q2 Read literal `n' HERE = = = = = Q3 Process Data No operation Q3 Process Data BZ Jump Q4 Write to PC No operation Q4 No operation Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Subroutine call of entire 2-Mbyte memory range. First, return address (PC + 4) is pushed onto the return stack. If `s' = 1, the W, Status and BSR registers are also pushed into their respective shadow registers, WS, STATUSS and BSRS. If `s' = 0, no update occurs (default). Then, the 20-bit value `k' is loaded into PC<20:1>. CALL is a two-cycle instruction. 2 2 Q2 Q3 Q4 Read literal `k'<19:8>, Write to PC No operation Read literal PUSH PC to `k'<7:0>, stack No operation HERE No operation CALL Example: Before Instruction PC After Instruction If ZERO PC If ZERO PC address (HERE) 1; address (Jump) 0; address (HERE + 2) No operation Example: THERE, 1 Before Instruction PC = After Instruction PC = TOS = WS = BSRS = STATUSS = address (HERE) address (THERE) address (HERE + 4) W BSR Status DS41412B-page 382 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 CLRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Clear f CLRF f {,a} 0 f 255 a [0,1] 000h f 1Z Z 0110 101a ffff ffff CLRWDT Syntax: Operands: Operation: Clear Watchdog Timer CLRWDT None 000h WDT, 000h WDT postscaler, 1 TO, 1 PD TO, PD 0000 0000 0000 0100 Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Clears the contents of the specified register. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the postscaler of the WDT. Status bits, TO and PD, are set. 1 1 Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 No operation CLRWDT = = = = = ? Q3 Process Data Q4 No operation Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Example: Q2 Q3 Process Data FLAG_REG, 1 5Ah 00h Q4 Write register `f' Read register `f' CLRF = = Example: Before Instruction WDT Counter After Instruction WDT Counter WDT Postscaler TO PD 00h 0 1 1 Before Instruction FLAG_REG After Instruction FLAG_REG 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 383 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 COMF Syntax: Operands: Complement f COMF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) dest N, Z 0001 11da ffff ffff The contents of register `f' are complemented. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 CPFSEQ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Compare f with W, skip if f = W CPFSEQ 0 f 255 a [0,1] (f) - (W), skip if (f) = (W) (unsigned comparison) None 0110 001a ffff ffff Compares the contents of data memory location `f' to the contents of W by performing an unsigned subtraction. If `f' = W, then the fetched instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q1 Q2 Read register `f' Q3 Process Data Q4 No operation Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation f {,a} Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Words: Q2 Read register `f' COMF 13h If skip: 13h ECh Q3 Process Data REG, 0, 0 Q4 Write to destination Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Example: Before Instruction REG = After Instruction REG = W = Decode Q1 Q2 Q3 No No No operation operation operation If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: Q1 Q2 Q3 No No No operation operation operation No No No operation operation operation Example: HERE NEQUAL EQUAL = = = = = = CPFSEQ REG, 0 : : HERE ? ? W; Address (EQUAL) W; Address (NEQUAL) Before Instruction PC Address W REG After Instruction If REG PC If REG PC DS41412B-page 384 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 CPFSGT Syntax: Operands: Operation: Compare f with W, skip if f > W CPFSGT 0 f 255 a [0,1] (f) -W), skip if (f) > (W) (unsigned comparison) None 0110 010a ffff ffff Compares the contents of data memory location `f' to the contents of the W by performing an unsigned subtraction. If the contents of `f' are greater than the contents of WREG, then the fetched instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. f {,a} CPFSLT Syntax: Operands: Operation: Compare f with W, skip if f < W CPFSLT 0 f 255 a [0,1] (f) -W), skip if (f) < (W) (unsigned comparison) None 0110 000a ffff ffff Compares the contents of data memory location `f' to the contents of W by performing an unsigned subtraction. If the contents of `f' are less than the contents of W, then the fetched instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation Q4 No operation Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation f {,a} Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode If skip: Q1 Q2 No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE NLESS LESS = = < = = No operation Q1 Q2 Read register `f' Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode If skip: Q1 Q2 Q3 No No No operation operation operation If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: Q1 Q2 Q3 No No No operation operation operation No No No operation operation operation Example: HERE NGREATER GREATER = = = = Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation Q2 Read register `f' Q3 Process Data Q4 No operation If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: No operation No operation Example: CPFSLT REG, 1 : : Address (HERE) ? W; Address (LESS) W; Address (NLESS) CPFSGT REG, 0 : : Before Instruction PC W After Instruction If REG PC If REG PC Before Instruction PC W After Instruction If REG PC If REG PC Address (HERE) ? W; Address (GREATER) W; Address (NGREATER) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 385 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DAW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Decimal Adjust W Register DAW None If [W<3:0> > 9] or [DC = 1] then (W<3:0>) + 6 W<3:0>; else (W<3:0>) W<3:0>; If [W<7:4> + DC > 9] or [C = 1] then (W<7:4>) + 6 + DC W<7:4>; else (W<7:4>) + DC W<7:4> DECF Syntax: Operands: Decrement f DECF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) - 1 dest C, DC, N, OV, Z 0000 01da ffff ffff Decrement register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' DECF 01h 0 00h 1 Q3 Process Data CNT, 1, 0 Q4 Write to destination Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: C 0000 0000 0000 0111 DAW adjusts the eight-bit value in W, resulting from the earlier addition of two variables (each in packed BCD format) and produces a correct packed BCD result. 1 1 Words: Q2 Read register W DAW Q3 Process Data Q4 Write W Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Example1: Before Instruction W = C = DC = After Instruction W C DC Example 2: = = = A5h 0 0 05h 1 0 Example: Before Instruction CNT = Z = After Instruction CNT = Z = Before Instruction W = C = DC = After Instruction W C DC = = = CEh 0 0 34h 1 0 DS41412B-page 386 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DECFSZ Syntax: Operands: Decrement f, skip if 0 DECFSZ f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) - 1 dest, skip if result = 0 None 0010 11da ffff ffff The contents of register `f' are decremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f' (default). If the result is `0', the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q1 Q2 Read register `f' Q2 No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE CONTINUE Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation DECFSZ GOTO Q4 Write to destination Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation CNT, 1, 1 LOOP DCFSNZ Syntax: Operands: Decrement f, skip if not 0 DCFSNZ 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) - 1 dest, skip if result 0 None 0100 11da ffff ffff The contents of register `f' are decremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f' (default). If the result is not `0', the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation DCFSNZ : : = = = = = ? TEMP - 1, 0; Address (ZERO) 0; Address (NZERO) Q4 Write to destination Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation f {,d {,a}} Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode If skip: Q1 No operation Q1 No operation No operation Example: Q2 Q2 Decode If skip: Q1 No operation Q1 No operation No operation Example: Read register `f' If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE ZERO NZERO If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: TEMP, 1, 0 Before Instruction PC = After Instruction CNT = If CNT = PC = If CNT PC = Address (HERE) CNT - 1 0; Address (CONTINUE) 0; Address (HERE + 2) Before Instruction TEMP After Instruction TEMP If TEMP PC If TEMP PC 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 387 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 GOTO Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: 1st word (k<7:0>) 2nd word(k<19:8>) Description: Unconditional Branch GOTO k 0 k 1048575 k PC<20:1> None 1110 1111 1111 k19kkk k7kkk kkkk kkkk0 kkkk8 INCF Syntax: Operands: Increment f INCF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) + 1 dest C, DC, N, OV, Z 0010 10da ffff ffff The contents of register `f' are incremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' INCF FFh 0 ? ? 00h 1 1 1 Q3 Process Data CNT, 1, 0 Q4 Write to destination Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: GOTO allows an unconditional branch anywhere within entire 2-Mbyte memory range. The 20-bit value `k' is loaded into PC<20:1>. GOTO is always a two-cycle instruction. Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode 2 2 Q2 Read literal `k'<7:0>, No operation GOTO THERE Q3 No operation No operation Q4 Read literal `k'<19:8>, Write to PC No operation No operation Example: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: After Instruction PC = Address (THERE) Example: Before Instruction CNT = Z = C = DC = After Instruction CNT = Z = C = DC = DS41412B-page 388 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 INCFSZ Syntax: Operands: Increment f, skip if 0 INCFSZ 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) + 1 dest, skip if result = 0 None 0011 11da ffff ffff The contents of register `f' are incremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f' (default). If the result is `0', the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q1 Q2 Read register `f' Q2 No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE NZERO ZERO Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation INCFSZ : : Q4 Write to destination f {,d {,a}} INFSNZ Syntax: Operands: Increment f, skip if not 0 INFSNZ 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) + 1 dest, skip if result 0 None 0100 10da ffff ffff The contents of register `f' are incremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f' (default). If the result is not `0', the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation INFSNZ Q4 Write to destination Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation f {,d {,a}} Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode If skip: Q1 No operation Q1 No operation No operation Example: Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode If skip: Q1 No operation Q1 No operation No operation Example: Q2 No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE ZERO NZERO Q2 Read register `f' If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: CNT, 1, 0 REG, 1, 0 Before Instruction PC = After Instruction CNT = If CNT = PC = If CNT PC = Address (HERE) CNT + 1 0; Address (ZERO) 0; Address (NZERO) Before Instruction PC = After Instruction REG = If REG PC = If REG = PC = Address (HERE) REG + 1 0; Address (NZERO) 0; Address (ZERO) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 389 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 IORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Inclusive OR literal with W IORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .OR. k W N, Z 0000 1001 kkkk kkkk The contents of W are ORed with the eight-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in W. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read literal `k' IORLW 9Ah BFh Q3 Process Data 35h Q4 Write to W IORWF Syntax: Operands: Inclusive OR W with f IORWF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (W) .OR. (f) dest N, Z 0001 00da ffff ffff Inclusive OR W with register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read register `f' IORWF 13h 91h 13h 93h Q3 Process Data RESULT, 0, 1 Q4 Write to destination Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: W = After Instruction W = Before Instruction Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: Before Instruction RESULT = W = After Instruction RESULT = W = DS41412B-page 390 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 LFSR Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Read literal `k' MSB Q3 Process Data Q4 Write literal `k' MSB to FSRfH Write literal `k' to FSRfL Load FSR LFSR f, k 0f2 0 k 4095 k FSRf None 1110 1111 1110 0000 00ff k7kkk k11kkk kkkk MOVF Syntax: Operands: Move f MOVF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] f dest N, Z 0101 00da ffff ffff The contents of register `f' are moved to a destination dependent upon the status of `d'. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f' (default). Location `f' can be anywhere in the 256-byte bank. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' MOVF = = = = Q3 Process Data REG, 0, 0 22h FFh 22h 22h Q4 Write W Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: The 12-bit literal `k' is loaded into the File Select Register pointed to by `f'. 2 2 Decode Read literal `k' LSB Process Data Example: After Instruction FSR2H FSR2L LFSR 2, 3ABh = = 03h ABh Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Example: Before Instruction REG W After Instruction REG W 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 391 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 MOVFF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: 1st word (source) 2nd word (destin.) Description: Move f to f MOVFF fs,fd 0 fs 4095 0 fd 4095 (fs) fd None 1100 1111 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffffs ffffd MOVLB Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Move literal to low nibble in BSR MOVLW k 0 k 255 k BSR None 0000 0001 kkkk kkkk The eight-bit literal `k' is loaded into the Bank Select Register (BSR). The value of BSR<7:4> always remains `0', regardless of the value of k7:k4. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read literal `k' MOVLB 02h 05h Q3 Process Data 5 Q4 Write literal `k' to BSR The contents of source register `fs' are moved to destination register `fd'. Location of source `fs' can be anywhere in the 4096-byte data space (000h to FFFh) and location of destination `fd' can also be anywhere from 000h to FFFh. Either source or destination can be W (a useful special situation). MOVFF is particularly useful for transferring a data memory location to a peripheral register (such as the transmit buffer or an I/O port). The MOVFF instruction cannot use the PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the destination register. 2 2 (3) Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: Before Instruction BSR Register = After Instruction BSR Register = Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' (src) No operation No dummy read Q3 Process Data No operation Q4 No operation Write register `f' (dest) Decode Example: MOVFF = = = = REG1, REG2 33h 11h 33h 33h Before Instruction REG1 REG2 After Instruction REG1 REG2 DS41412B-page 392 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 MOVLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Read literal `k' MOVLW W = 5Ah Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' MOVWF 4Fh FFh 4Fh 4Fh Q3 Process Data REG, 0 Q4 Write register `f' Q3 Process Data 5Ah Q4 Write to W 1 1 Move literal to W MOVLW k 0 k 255 kW None 0000 1110 kkkk kkkk The eight-bit literal `k' is loaded into W. MOVWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Move W to f MOVWF 0 f 255 a [0,1] (W) f None 0110 111a ffff ffff Move data from W to register `f'. Location `f' can be anywhere in the 256-byte bank. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 f {,a} Example: After Instruction Example: W = REG = After Instruction W REG = = Before Instruction 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 393 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 MULLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Multiply literal with W MULLW k 0 k 255 (W) x k PRODH:PRODL None 0000 1101 kkkk kkkk An unsigned multiplication is carried out between the contents of W and the 8-bit literal `k'. The 16-bit result is placed in the PRODH:PRODL register pair. PRODH contains the high byte. W is unchanged. None of the Status flags are affected. Note that neither overflow nor carry is possible in this operation. A zero result is possible but not detected. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read literal `k' Q3 Process Data Q4 Write registers PRODH: PRODL MULWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Multiply W with f MULWF 0 f 255 a [0,1] (W) x (f) PRODH:PRODL None 0000 001a ffff ffff An unsigned multiplication is carried out between the contents of W and the register file location `f'. The 16-bit result is stored in the PRODH:PRODL register pair. PRODH contains the high byte. Both W and `f' are unchanged. None of the Status flags are affected. Note that neither overflow nor carry is possible in this operation. A zero result is possible but not detected. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read register `f' Q3 Process Data Q4 Write registers PRODH: PRODL f {,a} Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: Before Instruction W PRODH PRODL After Instruction W PRODH PRODL MULLW = = = = = = 0C4h E2h ? ? E2h ADh 08h Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: Before Instruction W REG PRODH PRODL After Instruction W REG PRODH PRODL MULWF = = = = = = = = REG, 1 C4h B5h ? ? C4h B5h 8Ah 94h DS41412B-page 394 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NEGF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Negate f NEGF f {,a} 0 f 255 a [0,1] (f)+1f N, OV, C, DC, Z 0110 110a ffff ffff Location `f' is negated using two's complement. The result is placed in the data memory location `f'. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' NEGF Q3 Process Data REG, 1 Q4 Write register `f' NOP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode No Operation NOP None No operation None 0000 1111 1 1 Q2 No operation Q3 No operation Q4 No operation 0000 xxxx 0000 xxxx 0000 xxxx No operation. Example: None. Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Example: Before Instruction REG = After Instruction REG = 0011 1010 [3Ah] 1100 0110 [C6h] 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 395 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 POP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Pop Top of Return Stack POP None (TOS) bit bucket None 0000 0000 0000 0110 The TOS value is pulled off the return stack and is discarded. The TOS value then becomes the previous value that was pushed onto the return stack. This instruction is provided to enable the user to properly manage the return stack to incorporate a software stack. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 No operation POP GOTO Q3 POP TOS value Q4 No operation PUSH Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Push Top of Return Stack PUSH None (PC + 2) TOS None 0000 0000 0000 0101 The PC + 2 is pushed onto the top of the return stack. The previous TOS value is pushed down on the stack. This instruction allows implementing a software stack by modifying TOS and then pushing it onto the return stack. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 PUSH PC + 2 onto return stack PUSH = = = = = 345Ah 0124h 0126h 0126h 345Ah Q3 No operation Q4 No operation Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Example: Example: NEW = = = = 0031A2h 014332h 014332h NEW Before Instruction TOS Stack (1 level down) After Instruction TOS PC Before Instruction TOS PC After Instruction PC TOS Stack (1 level down) DS41412B-page 396 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 RCALL Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Relative Call RCALL n -1024 n 1023 (PC) + 2 TOS, (PC) + 2 + 2n PC None 1101 1nnn nnnn nnnn Subroutine call with a jump up to 1K from the current location. First, return address (PC + 2) is pushed onto the stack. Then, add the 2's complement number `2n' to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2 Q1 Q2 Read literal `n' PUSH PC to stack Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to PC RESET Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Reset RESET None Reset all registers and flags that are affected by a MCLR Reset. All 0000 0000 1111 1111 This instruction provides a way to execute a MCLR Reset by software. 1 1 Q2 Start Reset RESET Reset Value Reset Value Q3 No operation Q4 No operation Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: After Instruction Registers = Flags* = No operation Example: No operation HERE No operation RCALL Jump No operation Before Instruction PC = Address (HERE) After Instruction PC = Address (Jump) TOS = Address (HERE + 2) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 397 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 RETFIE Syntax: Operands: Operation: Return from Interrupt RETFIE {s} s [0,1] (TOS) PC, 1 GIE/GIEH or PEIE/GIEL, if s = 1 (WS) W, (STATUSS) Status, (BSRS) BSR, PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged. GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL. 0000 0000 0001 000s Return from interrupt. Stack is popped and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is loaded into the PC. Interrupts are enabled by setting either the high or low priority global interrupt enable bit. If `s' = 1, the contents of the shadow registers, WS, STATUSS and BSRS, are loaded into their corresponding registers, W, Status and BSR. If `s' = 0, no update of these registers occurs (default). 1 2 RETLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Return literal to W RETLW k 0 k 255 k W, (TOS) PC, PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged None 0000 1100 kkkk kkkk W is loaded with the eight-bit literal `k'. The program counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). The high address latch (PCLATH) remains unchanged. 1 2 Q1 Q2 Read literal `k' No operation Q3 Process Data No operation Q4 POP PC from stack, Write to W No operation Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode No operation Example: Q2 Q3 No operation Q4 POP PC from stack Set GIEH or GIEL No operation No operation Example: No operation RETFIE 1 No operation No operation After Interrupt PC W BSR Status GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL = = = = = TOS WS BSRS STATUSS 1 CALL TABLE ; ; ; ; : TABLE ADDWF PCL ; RETLW k0 ; RETLW k1 ; : : RETLW kn ; Before Instruction W = After Instruction W = W contains table offset value W now has table value W = offset Begin table End of table 07h value of kn DS41412B-page 398 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 RETURN Syntax: Operands: Operation: Return from Subroutine RETURN {s} s [0,1] (TOS) PC, if s = 1 (WS) W, (STATUSS) Status, (BSRS) BSR, PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged None 0000 0000 0001 001s Return from subroutine. The stack is popped and the top of the stack (TOS) is loaded into the program counter. If `s'= 1, the contents of the shadow registers, WS, STATUSS and BSRS, are loaded into their corresponding registers, W, Status and BSR. If `s' = 0, no update of these registers occurs (default). 1 2 Q1 Q2 No operation No operation Q3 Process Data No operation Q4 POP PC from stack No operation RLCF Syntax: Operands: Rotate Left f through Carry RLCF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode No operation Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' RLCF Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to destination Example: RETURN After Instruction: PC = TOS Example: Before Instruction REG = C = After Instruction REG = W = C = REG, 0, 0 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 1100 1100 1 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 399 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 RLNCF Syntax: Operands: Rotate Left f (No Carry) RLNCF 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f RRCF Syntax: Operands: Rotate Right f through Carry RRCF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: The contents of register `f' are rotated one bit to the left. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. register f Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode 1 1 Q2 Read register `f' RLNCF Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to destination Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 1 1 Q3 Process Data REG, 0, 0 Q4 Write to destination Example: Before Instruction REG = After Instruction REG = REG, 1, 0 Example: Read register `f' RRCF 1010 1011 0101 0111 Before Instruction REG = C = After Instruction REG = W = C = 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 0111 0011 0 DS41412B-page 400 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 RRNCF Syntax: Operands: Rotate Right f (No Carry) RRNCF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f SETF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Set f SETF f {,a} 0 f 255 a [0,1] FFh f None 0110 100a ffff ffff The contents of the specified register are set to FFh. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Decode Q2 Read register `f' SETF = = 5Ah FFh Q3 Process Data REG, 1 Q4 Write register `f' Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode 1 1 Q2 Read register `f' RRNCF Q3 Process Data REG, 1, 0 Q4 Write to destination Example: Before Instruction REG After Instruction REG Example 1: Before Instruction REG = After Instruction REG = Example 2: W = REG = After Instruction W REG = = 1101 0111 1110 1011 REG, 0, 0 RRNCF Before Instruction ? 1101 0111 1110 1011 1101 0111 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 401 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 SLEEP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Enter Sleep mode SLEEP None 00h WDT, 0 WDT postscaler, 1 TO, 0 PD TO, PD 0000 0000 0000 0011 The Power-down Status bit (PD) is cleared. The Time-out Status bit (TO) is set. Watchdog Timer and its postscaler are cleared. The processor is put into Sleep mode with the oscillator stopped. 1 1 Q1 Q2 No operation SLEEP Q3 Process Data Q4 Go to Sleep SUBFWB Syntax: Operands: Subtract f from W with borrow SUBFWB 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (W) - (f) - (C) dest N, OV, C, DC, Z 0101 01da ffff ffff Subtract register `f' and CARRY flag (borrow) from W (2's complement method). If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 f {,d {,a}} Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: Before Instruction TO = ? PD = ? Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode After Instruction 1 TO = 0 PD = If WDT causes wake-up, this bit is cleared. Q2 Read register `f' Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to destination SUBFWB REG, 1, 0 Example 1: Before Instruction REG = 3 W = 2 C = 1 After Instruction REG = FF W = 2 C = 0 Z = 0 N = 1 ; result is negative SUBFWB REG, 0, 0 Example 2: Before Instruction REG = 2 W = 5 C = 1 After Instruction REG = 2 W = 3 C = 1 Z = 0 N = 0 ; result is positive SUBFWB REG, 1, 0 Example 3: Before Instruction REG = 1 W = 2 C = 0 After Instruction REG = 0 W = 2 C = 1 Z = 1 ; result is zero N = 0 DS41412B-page 402 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 SUBLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Example 1: Before Instruction W = C = After Instruction W = C = Z = N = Example 2: Before Instruction W = C = After Instruction W = C = Z = N = Example 3: Before Instruction W = C = After Instruction W = C = Z = N = Q2 Read literal `k' SUBLW 01h ? 01h 1 ; result is positive 0 0 SUBLW 02h ? 00h 1 ; result is zero 1 0 SUBLW 03h ? FFh ; (2's complement) 0 ; result is negative 0 1 02h 02h Q3 Process Data 02h Q4 Write to W Subtract W from literal SUBLW k 0 k 255 k - (W) W N, OV, C, DC, Z 0000 1000 kkkk kkkk W is subtracted from the eight-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in W. 1 1 SUBWF Syntax: Operands: Subtract W from f SUBWF 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) - (W) dest N, OV, C, DC, Z 0101 11da ffff ffff Subtract W from register `f' (2's complement method). If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read register `f' SUBWF 3 2 ? 1 2 1 0 0 SUBWF 2 2 ? 2 0 1 1 0 SUBWF 1 2 ? FFh ;(2's complement) 2 0 ; result is negative 0 1 Q3 Process Data REG, 1, 0 Q4 Write to destination f {,d {,a}} Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example 1: Before Instruction REG = W = C = After Instruction REG = W = C = Z = N = Example 2: Before Instruction REG = W = C = After Instruction REG = W = C = Z = N = Example 3: Before Instruction REG = W = C = After Instruction REG = W = C = Z = N = ; result is positive REG, 0, 0 ; result is zero REG, 1, 0 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 403 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 SUBWFB Syntax: Operands: Subtract W from f with Borrow SUBWFB 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f) - (W) - (C) dest N, OV, C, DC, Z 0101 10da ffff ffff SWAPF Syntax: Operands: Swap f SWAPF f {,d {,a}} 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (f<3:0>) dest<7:4>, (f<7:4>) dest<3:0> None 0011 10da ffff ffff The upper and lower nibbles of register `f' are exchanged. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in W. If `d' is `1', the result is placed in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read register `f' SWAPF 53h 35h Q3 Process Data REG, 1, 0 Q4 Write to destination f {,d {,a}} Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Subtract W and the CARRY flag (borrow) from register `f' (2's complement method). If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Example 1: Words: Cycles: Q3 Process Data REG, 1, 0 (0001 1001) (0000 1101) (0000 1100) (0000 1101) ; result is positive Example: Q4 Write to destination Q Cycle Activity: Decode Q2 Read register `f' SUBWFB 19h 0Dh 1 0Ch 0Dh 1 0 0 Before Instruction REG = W = C = After Instruction REG = W = C = Z = N = Example 2: Before Instruction REG = W = C = After Instruction REG = W = C = Z = N = Example 3: Before Instruction REG = W = C = After Instruction REG = W C Z N = = = = Before Instruction REG = After Instruction REG = SUBWFB REG, 0, 0 1Bh 1Ah 0 1Bh 00h 1 1 0 SUBWFB 03h 0Eh 1 F5h 0Eh 0 0 1 (0001 1011) (0001 1010) (0001 1011) ; result is zero REG, 1, 0 (0000 0011) (0000 1110) (1111 0101) ; [2's comp] (0000 1110) ; result is negative DS41412B-page 404 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TBLRD Syntax: Operands: Operation: Table Read TBLRD ( *; *+; *-; +*) None if TBLRD *, (Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT; TBLPTR - No Change; if TBLRD *+, (Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT; (TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR; if TBLRD *-, (Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT; (TBLPTR) - 1 TBLPTR; if TBLRD +*, (TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR; (Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT; 0000 0000 0000 10nn nn=0 * =1 *+ =2 *=3 +* TBLRD Example1: Table Read (Continued) TBLRD *+ ; = = = = = 55h 00A356h 34h 34h 00A357h Before Instruction TABLAT TBLPTR MEMORY (00A356h) After Instruction TABLAT TBLPTR Example2: TBLRD Before Instruction TABLAT TBLPTR MEMORY (01A357h) MEMORY (01A358h) After Instruction TABLAT TBLPTR +* ; = = = = = = AAh 01A357h 12h 34h 34h 01A358h Status Affected: None Encoding: Description: This instruction is used to read the contents of Program Memory (P.M.). To address the program memory, a pointer called Table Pointer (TBLPTR) is used. The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to each byte in the program memory. TBLPTR has a 2-Mbyte address range. TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte of Program Memory Word TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte of Program Memory Word The TBLRD instruction can modify the value of TBLPTR as follows: * no change * post-increment * post-decrement * pre-increment 1 2 Words: Cycles: Q1 Decode No operation Q Cycle Activity: Q2 No operation No operation (Read Program Memory) Q3 No operation No operation Q4 No operation No operation (Write TABLAT) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 405 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TBLWT Syntax: Operands: Operation: Table Write TBLWT ( *; *+; *-; +*) None if TBLWT*, (TABLAT) Holding Register; TBLPTR - No Change; if TBLWT*+, (TABLAT) Holding Register; (TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR; if TBLWT*-, (TABLAT) Holding Register; (TBLPTR) - 1 TBLPTR; if TBLWT+*, (TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR; (TABLAT) Holding Register; None 0000 0000 0000 11nn nn=0 * =1 *+ =2 *=3 +* TBLWT Example1: Table Write (Continued) TBLWT *+; Before Instruction TABLAT = 55h TBLPTR = 00A356h HOLDING REGISTER (00A356h) = FFh After Instructions (table write completion) TABLAT = 55h TBLPTR = 00A357h HOLDING REGISTER (00A356h) = 55h Example 2: TBLWT +*; Status Affected: Encoding: Description: This instruction uses the 3 LSBs of TBLPTR to determine which of the 8 holding registers the TABLAT is written to. The holding registers are used to program the contents of Program Memory (P.M.). (Refer to Section 6.0 "Flash Program Memory" for additional details on programming Flash memory.) The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to each byte in the program memory. TBLPTR has a 2-MByte address range. The LSb of the TBLPTR selects which byte of the program memory location to access. TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte of Program Memory Word TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte of Program Memory Word The TBLWT instruction can modify the value of TBLPTR as follows: * no change * post-increment * post-decrement * pre-increment 1 2 Q1 Decode Q2 Q3 Q4 Before Instruction TABLAT = 34h TBLPTR = 01389Ah HOLDING REGISTER (01389Ah) = FFh HOLDING REGISTER (01389Bh) = FFh After Instruction (table write completion) TABLAT = 34h TBLPTR = 01389Bh HOLDING REGISTER (01389Ah) = FFh HOLDING REGISTER (01389Bh) = 34h Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: No No No operation operation operation No No No No operation operation operation operation (Read (Write to TABLAT) Holding Register ) DS41412B-page 406 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TSTFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Test f, skip if 0 TSTFSZ f {,a} 0 f 255 a [0,1] skip if f = 0 None 0110 011a ffff ffff If `f' = 0, the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded and a NOP is executed, making this a two-cycle instruction. If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1(2) Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed by a 2-word instruction. Q1 Q2 Read register `f' Q2 No operation Q2 No operation No operation HERE NZERO ZERO = = = = Q3 Process Data Q3 No operation Q3 No operation No operation TSTFSZ : : Q4 No operation Q4 No operation Q4 No operation No operation XORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Exclusive OR literal with W XORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .XOR. k W N, Z 0000 1010 kkkk kkkk The contents of W are XORed with the 8-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in W. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read literal `k' XORLW B5h 1Ah Q3 Process Data 0AFh Q4 Write to W Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: Before Instruction W = After Instruction W = Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode If skip: Q1 No operation Q1 No operation No operation Example: If skip and followed by 2-word instruction: CNT, 1 Before Instruction PC After Instruction If CNT PC If CNT PC Address (HERE) 00h, Address (ZERO) 00h, Address (NZERO) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 407 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 XORWF Syntax: Operands: Exclusive OR W with f XORWF 0 f 255 d [0,1] a [0,1] (W) .XOR. (f) dest N, Z 0001 10da ffff ffff Exclusive OR the contents of W with register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in the register `f' (default). If `a' is `0', the Access Bank is selected. If `a' is `1', the BSR is used to select the GPR bank. If `a' is `0' and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See Section 25.2.3 "Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode" for details. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read register `f' XORWF AFh B5h 1Ah B5h Q3 Process Data REG, 1, 0 Q4 Write to destination f {,d {,a}} Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: Before Instruction REG = W = After Instruction REG = W = DS41412B-page 408 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 25.2 Extended Instruction Set In addition to the standard 75 instructions of the PIC18 instruction set, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 devices also provide an optional extension to the core CPU functionality. The added features include eight additional instructions that augment indirect and indexed addressing operations and the implementation of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode for many of the standard PIC18 instructions. The additional features of the extended instruction set are disabled by default. To enable them, users must set the XINST Configuration bit. The instructions in the extended set can all be classified as literal operations, which either manipulate the File Select Registers, or use them for indexed addressing. Two of the instructions, ADDFSR and SUBFSR, each have an additional special instantiation for using FSR2. These versions (ADDULNK and SUBULNK) allow for automatic return after execution. The extended instructions are specifically implemented to optimize re-entrant program code (that is, code that is recursive or that uses a software stack) written in high-level languages, particularly C. Among other things, they allow users working in high-level languages to perform certain operations on data structures more efficiently. These include: * dynamic allocation and deallocation of software stack space when entering and leaving subroutines * function pointer invocation * software Stack Pointer manipulation * manipulation of variables located in a software stack A summary of the instructions in the extended instruction set is provided in Table 25-3. Detailed descriptions are provided in Section 25.2.2 "Extended Instruction Set". The opcode field descriptions in Table 25-1 apply to both the standard and extended PIC18 instruction sets. Note: The instruction set extension and the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode were designed for optimizing applications written in C; the user may likely never use these instructions directly in assembler. The syntax for these commands is provided as a reference for users who may be reviewing code that has been generated by a compiler. 25.2.1 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SYNTAX Most of the extended instructions use indexed arguments, using one of the File Select Registers and some offset to specify a source or destination register. When an argument for an instruction serves as part of indexed addressing, it is enclosed in square brackets ("[ ]"). This is done to indicate that the argument is used as an index or offset. MPASMTM Assembler will flag an error if it determines that an index or offset value is not bracketed. When the extended instruction set is enabled, brackets are also used to indicate index arguments in byteoriented and bit-oriented instructions. This is in addition to other changes in their syntax. For more details, see Section 25.2.3.1 "Extended Instruction Syntax with Standard PIC18 Commands". Note: In the past, square brackets have been used to denote optional arguments in the PIC18 and earlier instruction sets. In this text and going forward, optional arguments are denoted by braces ("{ }"). TABLE 25-3: Mnemonic, Operands ADDFSR ADDULNK CALLW MOVSF MOVSS PUSHL SUBFSR SUBULNK f, k k EXTENSIONS TO THE PIC18 INSTRUCTION SET Description Add literal to FSR Add literal to FSR2 and return Call subroutine using WREG Move zs (source) to 1st word fd (destination) 2nd word Move zs (source) to 1st word 2nd word zd (destination) Store literal at FSR2, decrement FSR2 Subtract literal from FSR Subtract literal from FSR2 and return Cycles 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 16-Bit Instruction Word MSb 1110 1110 0000 1110 1111 1110 1111 1110 1110 1110 1000 1000 0000 1011 ffff 1011 xxxx 1010 1001 1001 ffkk 11kk 0001 0zzz ffff 1zzz xzzz kkkk ffkk 11kk LSb kkkk kkkk 0100 zzzz ffff zzzz zzzz kkkk kkkk kkkk Status Affected None None None None None None None None zs, fd zs, zd k f, k k 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 409 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 25.2.2 ADDFSR Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Read literal `k' Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to FSR EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET Add Literal to FSR ADDFSR f, k 0 k 63 f [ 0, 1, 2 ] FSR(f) + k FSR(f) None 1110 1000 ffkk kkkk The 6-bit literal `k' is added to the contents of the FSR specified by `f'. 1 1 Status Affected: Encoding: Description: ADDULNK Syntax: Operands: Operation: Add Literal to FSR2 and Return ADDULNK k 0 k 63 FSR2 + k FSR2, (TOS) PC None 1110 1000 11kk kkkk The 6-bit literal `k' is added to the contents of FSR2. A RETURN is then executed by loading the PC with the TOS. The instruction takes two cycles to execute; a NOP is performed during the second cycle. This may be thought of as a special case of the ADDFSR instruction, where f = 3 (binary `11'); it operates only on FSR2. 1 2 Example: ADDFSR 2, 23h 03FFh 0422h Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode No Operation Before Instruction FSR2 = After Instruction FSR2 = Q2 Read literal `k' No Operation Q3 Process Data No Operation Q4 Write to FSR No Operation Example: ADDULNK 23h 03FFh 0100h 0422h (TOS) Before Instruction FSR2 = PC = After Instruction FSR2 = PC = Note: All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction syntax then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s). DS41412B-page 410 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 CALLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Subroutine Call Using WREG CALLW None (PC + 2) TOS, (W) PCL, (PCLATH) PCH, (PCLATU) PCU None 0000 0000 0001 0100 First, the return address (PC + 2) is pushed onto the return stack. Next, the contents of W are written to PCL; the existing value is discarded. Then, the contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are latched into PCH and PCU, respectively. The second cycle is executed as a NOP instruction while the new next instruction is fetched. Unlike CALL, there is no option to update W, Status or BSR. 1 2 Q1 Q2 Read WREG No operation Q3 PUSH PC to stack No operation Q4 No operation No operation MOVSF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: 1st word (source) 2nd word (destin.) Description: Move Indexed to f MOVSF [zs], fd 0 zs 127 0 fd 4095 ((FSR2) + zs) fd None 1110 1111 1011 ffff 0zzz ffff zzzzs ffffd Status Affected: Encoding: Description Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode No operation The contents of the source register are moved to destination register `fd'. The actual address of the source register is determined by adding the 7-bit literal offset `zs' in the first word to the value of FSR2. The address of the destination register is specified by the 12-bit literal `fd' in the second word. Both addresses can be anywhere in the 4096-byte data space (000h to FFFh). The MOVSF instruction cannot use the PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the destination register. If the resultant source address points to an indirect addressing register, the value returned will be 00h. 2 2 Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Q2 Q3 Q4 Read source reg Write register `f' (dest) Example: HERE CALLW Decode Determine Determine source addr source addr No operation No dummy read No operation Before Instruction PC = PCLATH = PCLATU = W = After Instruction PC = TOS = PCLATH = PCLATU = W = address (HERE) 10h 00h 06h 001006h address (HERE + 2) 10h 00h 06h Example: MOVSF = = = = = = [05h], REG2 80h 33h 11h 80h 33h 33h Before Instruction FSR2 Contents of 85h REG2 After Instruction FSR2 Contents of 85h REG2 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 411 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 MOVSS Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: 1st word (source) 2nd word (dest.) Description Move Indexed to Indexed MOVSS [zs], [zd] 0 zs 127 0 zd 127 ((FSR2) + zs) ((FSR2) + zd) None 1110 1111 1011 xxxx 1zzz xzzz zzzzs zzzzd PUSHL Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Store Literal at FSR2, Decrement FSR2 PUSHL k 0k 255 k (FSR2), FSR2 - 1 FSR2 None 1111 1010 kkkk kkkk The 8-bit literal `k' is written to the data memory address specified by FSR2. FSR2 is decremented by 1 after the operation. This instruction allows users to push values onto a software stack. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read `k' Q3 Process data Q4 Write to destination The contents of the source register are moved to the destination register. The addresses of the source and destination registers are determined by adding the 7-bit literal offsets `zs' or `zd', respectively, to the value of FSR2. Both registers can be located anywhere in the 4096-byte data memory space (000h to FFFh). The MOVSS instruction cannot use the PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the destination register. If the resultant source address points to an indirect addressing register, the value returned will be 00h. If the resultant destination address points to an indirect addressing register, the instruction will execute as a NOP. 2 2 Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Example: PUSHL 08h = = = = 01ECh 00h 01EBh 08h Before Instruction FSR2H:FSR2L Memory (01ECh) After Instruction FSR2H:FSR2L Memory (01ECh) Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Decode Q2 Q3 Q4 Read source reg Write to dest reg Determine Determine source addr source addr Determine dest addr Determine dest addr Example: MOVSS [05h], [06h] = = = = = = 80h 33h 11h 80h 33h 33h Before Instruction FSR2 Contents of 85h Contents of 86h After Instruction FSR2 Contents of 85h Contents of 86h DS41412B-page 412 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 SUBFSR Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Subtract Literal from FSR SUBFSR f, k 0 k 63 f [ 0, 1, 2 ] FSR(f) - k FSRf None 1110 1001 ffkk kkkk The 6-bit literal `k' is subtracted from the contents of the FSR specified by `f'. 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read register `f' Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to destination SUBULNK Syntax: Operands: Operation: Subtract Literal from FSR2 and Return SUBULNK k 0 k 63 FSR2 - k FSR2 (TOS) PC Status Affected: None Encoding: Description: 1110 1001 11kk kkkk The 6-bit literal `k' is subtracted from the contents of the FSR2. A RETURN is then executed by loading the PC with the TOS. The instruction takes two cycles to execute; a NOP is performed during the second cycle. This may be thought of as a special case of the SUBFSR instruction, where f = 3 (binary `11'); it operates only on FSR2. 1 2 Q1 Decode No Operation Q2 Read register `f' No Operation Q3 Process Data No Operation Q4 Write to destination No Operation Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Decode Words: Cycles: Example: Before Instruction FSR2 = After Instruction FSR2 = SUBFSR 2, 23h 03FFh 03DCh Q Cycle Activity: Example: Before Instruction FSR2 = PC = After Instruction FSR2 = PC = SUBULNK 23h 03FFh 0100h 03DCh (TOS) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 413 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 25.2.3 BYTE-ORIENTED AND BIT-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS IN INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE Enabling the PIC18 instruction set extension may cause legacy applications to behave erratically or fail entirely. 25.2.3.1 Extended Instruction Syntax with Standard PIC18 Commands Note: In addition to eight new commands in the extended set, enabling the extended instruction set also enables Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode (Section 5.5.1 "Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset"). This has a significant impact on the way that many commands of the standard PIC18 instruction set are interpreted. When the extended set is disabled, addresses embedded in opcodes are treated as literal memory locations: either as a location in the Access Bank (`a' = 0), or in a GPR bank designated by the BSR (`a' = 1). When the extended instruction set is enabled and `a' = 0, however, a file register argument of 5Fh or less is interpreted as an offset from the pointer value in FSR2 and not as a literal address. For practical purposes, this means that all instructions that use the Access RAM bit as an argument - that is, all byte-oriented and bitoriented instructions, or almost half of the core PIC18 instructions - may behave differently when the extended instruction set is enabled. When the content of FSR2 is 00h, the boundaries of the Access RAM are essentially remapped to their original values. This may be useful in creating backward compatible code. If this technique is used, it may be necessary to save the value of FSR2 and restore it when moving back and forth between C and assembly routines in order to preserve the Stack Pointer. Users must also keep in mind the syntax requirements of the extended instruction set (see Section 25.2.3.1 "Extended Instruction Syntax with Standard PIC18 Commands"). Although the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode can be very useful for dynamic stack and pointer manipulation, it can also be very annoying if a simple arithmetic operation is carried out on the wrong register. Users who are accustomed to the PIC18 programming must keep in mind that, when the extended instruction set is enabled, register addresses of 5Fh or less are used for Indexed Literal Offset Addressing. Representative examples of typical byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode are provided on the following page to show how execution is affected. The operand conditions shown in the examples are applicable to all instructions of these types. When the extended instruction set is enabled, the file register argument, `f', in the standard byte-oriented and bit-oriented commands is replaced with the literal offset value, `k'. As already noted, this occurs only when `f' is less than or equal to 5Fh. When an offset value is used, it must be indicated by square brackets ("[ ]"). As with the extended instructions, the use of brackets indicates to the compiler that the value is to be interpreted as an index or an offset. Omitting the brackets, or using a value greater than 5Fh within brackets, will generate an error in the MPASM assembler. If the index argument is properly bracketed for Indexed Literal Offset Addressing, the Access RAM argument is never specified; it will automatically be assumed to be `0'. This is in contrast to standard operation (extended instruction set disabled) when `a' is set on the basis of the target address. Declaring the Access RAM bit in this mode will also generate an error in the MPASM assembler. The destination argument, `d', functions as before. In the latest versions of the MPASMTM assembler, language support for the extended instruction set must be explicitly invoked. This is done with either the command line option, /y, or the PE directive in the source listing. 25.2.4 CONSIDERATIONS WHEN ENABLING THE EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET It is important to note that the extensions to the instruction set may not be beneficial to all users. In particular, users who are not writing code that uses a software stack may not benefit from using the extensions to the instruction set. Additionally, the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode may create issues with legacy applications written to the PIC18 assembler. This is because instructions in the legacy code may attempt to address registers in the Access Bank below 5Fh. Since these addresses are interpreted as literal offsets to FSR2 when the instruction set extension is enabled, the application may read or write to the wrong data addresses. When porting an application to the PIC18(L)F2X/ 4XK22, it is very important to consider the type of code. A large, re-entrant application that is written in `C' and would benefit from efficient compilation will do well when using the instruction set extensions. Legacy applications that heavily use the Access Bank will most likely not benefit from using the extended instruction set. DS41412B-page 414 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 ADDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: ADD W to Indexed (Indexed Literal Offset mode) ADDWF 0 k 95 d [0,1] (W) + ((FSR2) + k) dest N, OV, C, DC, Z 0010 01d0 kkkk kkkk The contents of W are added to the contents of the register indicated by FSR2, offset by the value `k'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f' (default). 1 1 Q1 Q2 Read `k' Q3 Process Data [OFST] , 0 = = = = = = 17h 2Ch 0A00h 20h 37h 20h Q4 Write to destination [k] {,d} BSF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Bit Set Indexed (Indexed Literal Offset mode) BSF [k], b 0 f 95 0b7 1 ((FSR2) + k) None 1000 bbb0 kkkk kkkk Bit `b' of the register indicated by FSR2, offset by the value `k', is set. 1 1 Q2 Read register `f' BSF = = = = Q3 Process Data Q4 Write to destination Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Example: Decode [FLAG_OFST], 7 0Ah 0A00h 55h D5h Example: W OFST FSR2 Contents of 0A2Ch After Instruction W Contents of 0A2Ch ADDWF Before Instruction Before Instruction FLAG_OFST FSR2 Contents of 0A0Ah After Instruction Contents of 0A0Ah SETF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Q Cycle Activity: Q1 Decode Set Indexed (Indexed Literal Offset mode) SETF [k] 0 k 95 FFh ((FSR2) + k) None 0110 1000 kkkk kkkk The contents of the register indicated by FSR2, offset by `k', are set to FFh. 1 1 Q2 Read `k' Q3 Process Data [OFST] 2Ch 0A00h 00h FFh Q4 Write register Example: SETF = = = = Before Instruction OFST FSR2 Contents of 0A2Ch After Instruction Contents of 0A2Ch 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 415 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 25.2.5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH MICROCHIP MPLAB(R) IDE TOOLS The latest versions of Microchip's software tools have been designed to fully support the extended instruction set of the PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 family of devices. This includes the MPLAB C18 C compiler, MPASM assembly language and MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE). When selecting a target device for software development, MPLAB IDE will automatically set default Configuration bits for that device. The default setting for the XINST Configuration bit is `0', disabling the extended instruction set and Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode. For proper execution of applications developed to take advantage of the extended instruction set, XINST must be set during programming. To develop software for the extended instruction set, the user must enable support for the instructions and the Indexed Addressing mode in their language tool(s). Depending on the environment being used, this may be done in several ways: * A menu option, or dialog box within the environment, that allows the user to configure the language tool and its settings for the project * A command line option * A directive in the source code These options vary between different compilers, assemblers and development environments. Users are encouraged to review the documentation accompanying their development systems for the appropriate information. DS41412B-page 416 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 26.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 26.1 The PIC(R) microcontrollers and dsPIC(R) digital signal controllers are supported with a full range of software and hardware development tools: * Integrated Development Environment - MPLAB(R) IDE Software * Compilers/Assemblers/Linkers - MPLAB C Compiler for Various Device Families - HI-TECH C for Various Device Families - MPASMTM Assembler - MPLINKTM Object Linker/ MPLIBTM Object Librarian - MPLAB Assembler/Linker/Librarian for Various Device Families * Simulators - MPLAB SIM Software Simulator * Emulators - MPLAB REAL ICETM In-Circuit Emulator * In-Circuit Debuggers - MPLAB ICD 3 - PICkitTM 3 Debug Express * Device Programmers - PICkitTM 2 Programmer - MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer * Low-Cost Demonstration/Development Boards, Evaluation Kits, and Starter Kits MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8/16/32-bit microcontroller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows(R) operating system-based application that contains: * A single graphical interface to all debugging tools - Simulator - Programmer (sold separately) - In-Circuit Emulator (sold separately) - In-Circuit Debugger (sold separately) * A full-featured editor with color-coded context * A multiple project manager * Customizable data windows with direct edit of contents * High-level source code debugging * Mouse over variable inspection * Drag and drop variables from source to watch windows * Extensive on-line help * Integration of select third party tools, such as IAR C Compilers The MPLAB IDE allows you to: * Edit your source files (either C or assembly) * One-touch compile or assemble, and download to emulator and simulator tools (automatically updates all project information) * Debug using: - Source files (C or assembly) - Mixed C and assembly - Machine code MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a single development paradigm, from the cost-effective simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility and power. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 417 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 26.2 MPLAB C Compilers for Various Device Families 26.5 MPLINK Object Linker/ MPLIB Object Librarian The MPLAB C Compiler code development systems are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip's PIC18, PIC24 and PIC32 families of microcontrollers and the dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 families of digital signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of use. For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE debugger. The MPLINK Object Linker combines relocatable objects created by the MPASM Assembler and the MPLAB C18 C Compiler. It can link relocatable objects from precompiled libraries, using directives from a linker script. The MPLIB Object Librarian manages the creation and modification of library files of precompiled code. When a routine from a library is called from a source file, only the modules that contain that routine will be linked in with the application. This allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. The object linker/library features include: * Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many smaller files * Enhanced code maintainability by grouping related modules together * Flexible creation of libraries with easy module listing, replacement, deletion and extraction 26.3 HI-TECH C for Various Device Families The HI-TECH C Compiler code development systems are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip's PIC family of microcontrollers and the dsPIC family of digital signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, omniscient code generation and ease of use. For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE debugger. The compilers include a macro assembler, linker, preprocessor, and one-step driver, and can run on multiple platforms. 26.6 MPLAB Assembler, Linker and Librarian for Various Device Families 26.4 MPASM Assembler The MPASM Assembler is a full-featured, universal macro assembler for PIC10/12/16/18 MCUs. The MPASM Assembler generates relocatable object files for the MPLINK Object Linker, Intel(R) standard HEX files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines and generated machine code and COFF files for debugging. The MPASM Assembler features include: * Integration into MPLAB IDE projects * User-defined macros to streamline assembly code * Conditional assembly for multi-purpose source files * Directives that allow complete control over the assembly process MPLAB Assembler produces relocatable machine code from symbolic assembly language for PIC24, PIC32 and dsPIC devices. MPLAB C Compiler uses the assembler to produce its object file. The assembler generates relocatable object files that can then be archived or linked with other relocatable object files and archives to create an executable file. Notable features of the assembler include: * * * * * * Support for the entire device instruction set Support for fixed-point and floating-point data Command line interface Rich directive set Flexible macro language MPLAB IDE compatibility DS41412B-page 418 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 26.7 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator 26.9 The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code development in a PC-hosted environment by simulating the PIC MCUs and dsPIC(R) DSCs on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a comprehensive stimulus controller. Registers can be logged to files for further run-time analysis. The trace buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of the simulator to record and track program execution, actions on I/O, most peripherals and internal registers. The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C Compilers, and the MPASM and MPLAB Assemblers. The software simulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the hardware laboratory environment, making it an excellent, economical software development tool. MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger System MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger System is Microchip's most cost effective high-speed hardware debugger/programmer for Microchip Flash Digital Signal Controller (DSC) and microcontroller (MCU) devices. It debugs and programs PIC(R) Flash microcontrollers and dsPIC(R) DSCs with the powerful, yet easyto-use graphical user interface of MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger probe is connected to the design engineer's PC using a high-speed USB 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with a connector compatible with the MPLAB ICD 2 or MPLAB REAL ICE systems (RJ-11). MPLAB ICD 3 supports all MPLAB ICD 2 headers. 26.8 MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System 26.10 PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/ Programmer and PICkit 3 Debug Express The MPLAB PICkit 3 allows debugging and programming of PIC(R) and dsPIC(R) Flash microcontrollers at a most affordable price point using the powerful graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The MPLAB PICkit 3 is connected to the design engineer's PC using a full speed USB interface and can be connected to the target via an Microchip debug (RJ-11) connector (compatible with MPLAB ICD 3 and MPLAB REAL ICE). The connector uses two device I/O pins and the reset line to implement in-circuit debugging and In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM. The PICkit 3 Debug Express include the PICkit 3, demo board and microcontroller, hookup cables and CDROM with user's guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and MPLAB IDE software. MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System is Microchip's next generation high-speed emulator for Microchip Flash DSC and MCU devices. It debugs and programs PIC(R) Flash MCUs and dsPIC(R) Flash DSCs with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE), included with each kit. The emulator is connected to the design engineer's PC using a high-speed USB 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with either a connector compatible with incircuit debugger systems (RJ11) or with the new highspeed, noise tolerant, Low-Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS) interconnection (CAT5). The emulator is field upgradable through future firmware downloads in MPLAB IDE. In upcoming releases of MPLAB IDE, new devices will be supported, and new features will be added. MPLAB REAL ICE offers significant advantages over competitive emulators including low-cost, full-speed emulation, run-time variable watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a ruggedized probe interface and long (up to three meters) interconnection cables. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 419 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 26.11 PICkit 2 Development Programmer/Debugger and PICkit 2 Debug Express The PICkitTM 2 Development Programmer/Debugger is a low-cost development tool with an easy to use interface for programming and debugging Microchip's Flash families of microcontrollers. The full featured Windows(R) programming interface supports baseline (PIC10F, PIC12F5xx, PIC16F5xx), midrange (PIC12F6xx, PIC16F), PIC18F, PIC24, dsPIC30, dsPIC33, and PIC32 families of 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microcontrollers, and many Microchip Serial EEPROM products. With Microchip's powerful MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) the PICkitTM 2 enables in-circuit debugging on most PIC(R) microcontrollers. In-Circuit-Debugging runs, halts and single steps the program while the PIC microcontroller is embedded in the application. When halted at a breakpoint, the file registers can be examined and modified. The PICkit 2 Debug Express include the PICkit 2, demo board and microcontroller, hookup cables and CDROM with user's guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and MPLAB IDE software. 26.13 Demonstration/Development Boards, Evaluation Kits, and Starter Kits A wide variety of demonstration, development and evaluation boards for various PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs allows quick application development on fully functional systems. Most boards include prototyping areas for adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware and source code for examination and modification. The boards support a variety of features, including LEDs, temperature sensors, switches, speakers, RS-232 interfaces, LCD displays, potentiometers and additional EEPROM memory. The demonstration and development boards can be used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom circuits and for learning about various microcontroller applications. In addition to the PICDEMTM and dsPICDEMTM demonstration/development board series of circuits, Microchip has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software for analog filter design, KEELOQ(R) security ICs, CAN, IrDA(R), PowerSmart battery management, SEEVAL(R) evaluation system, Sigma-Delta ADC, flow rate sensing, plus many more. Also available are starter kits that contain everything needed to experience the specified device. This usually includes a single application and debug capability, all on one board. Check the Microchip web page (www.microchip.com) for the complete list of demonstration, development and evaluation kits. 26.12 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer The MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer is a universal, CE compliant device programmer with programmable voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for maximum reliability. It features a large LCD display (128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modular, detachable socket assembly to support various package types. The ICSPTM cable assembly is included as a standard item. In Stand-Alone mode, the MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer can read, verify and program PIC devices without a PC connection. It can also set code protection in this mode. The MPLAB PM3 connects to the host PC via an RS-232 or USB cable. The MPLAB PM3 has high-speed communications and optimized algorithms for quick programming of large memory devices and incorporates an MMC card for file storage and data applications. DS41412B-page 420 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Absolute Maximum Ratings () Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................-40C to +125C Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65C to +150C Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS (except VDD, and MCLR) .................................................. -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS PIC18LF46K22 ......................................................................................................... -0.3V to +4.5V PIC18F46K22 ........................................................................................................... -0.3V to +6.5V Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS (Note 2) ............................................................................................0V to +11.0V Total power dissipation (Note 1) ...............................................................................................................................1.0W Maximum current out of VSS pin (-40C to +85C) .............................................................................................. 300 mA Maximum current out of VSS pin (+85C to +125C)............................................................................................ 125 mA Maximum current into VDD pin (-40C to +85C) ................................................................................................ 200 mA Maximum current into VDD pin (+85C to +125C) ................................................................................................85 mA Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD) 20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) 20 mA Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin..........................................................................................................25 mA Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin ....................................................................................................25 mA Maximum current sunk byall ports (-40C to +85C)........................................................................................... 200 mA Maximum current sunk byall ports (+85C to +125C)......................................................................................... 110 mA Maximum current sourced by all ports (-40C to +85C) ......................................................................................185 mA Maximum current sourced by all ports (+85C to +125C) .....................................................................................70 mA Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD - VOH) x IOH} + (VOL x IOL) 2: Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, may cause latch-up. Thus, a series resistor of 50-100 should be used when applying a "low" level to the MCLR/VPP/ RE3 pin, rather than pulling this pin directly to VSS. NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 421 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 27-1: PIC18(L)F46K22 FAMILY VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH 5.5V 3.5V 3.0V 2.7V Voltage 2.2V 1.8V 3.6V 10 20 30 32 Frequency (MHz) 40 50 60 64 Note 1: Maximum Frequency 20 MHz, 1.8V to 3.0V, -40C to +125C (PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22). 2: Maximum Frequency 64 MHz, 3.0V to 3.6V, -40C to +125C (PIC18LF2X/4XK22). 3: Maximum Frequency 64 MHz, 3.0V to 5.5V, -40C to +125C (PIC18F2X/4XK22). DS41412B-page 422 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.1 DC Characteristics: Supply Voltage, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Characteristic Supply Voltage PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 D002 D003 D004 D005 VDR VPOR SVDD VBOR RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) VDD Start Voltage to ensure internal Power-on Reset signal VDD Rise Rate to ensure internal Power-on Reset signal Brown-out Reset Voltage BORV<1:0> = 11(2) BORV<1:0> = 10 BORV<1:0> = 01 BORV<1:0> = 00(3) Note 1: 2: 3: -- -- -- -- 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.85 -- -- -- -- V V V V Min 1.8 1.8 1.5 -- 0.05 Typ Max Units -- -- -- -- -- 3.6 5.5 -- 0.7 -- V V V V See section on Power-on Reset for details Conditions PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Param Symbol No. D001 VDD V/ms See section on Power-on Reset for details This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in Sleep mode, or during a device Reset, without losing RAM data. With BOR enabled, operation is supported until a BOR occurs. This is valid although VDD may be below the minimum rated supply voltage. With BOR enabled, full-speed operation (FOSC = 64 MHz) is supported until a BOR occurs. This is valid although VDD may be below the minimum voltage for this frequency. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 423 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ Typ Max Max +25C +60C +85C +125C 0.02 0.02 10 11 12 Power-down Module Differential Current (delta IPD) D007 Watchdog Timer 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 D008 Brown-out Reset (2) PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D006 Device Characteristics (1) Units Conditions VDD Notes Power-down Base Current (IPD) Sleep mode 2 2 25 25 25 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 20 20 40 50 90 0.0 0.0 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD 10 10 35 35 35 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 20 20 40 50 90 0.0 0.0 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V WDT, BOR, FVR and SOSC disabled, all Peripherals inactive 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V 2.0V 3.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V 1.8V3.6V 1.8V5.5V 2.0V 3.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V Sleep mode, BOREN<1:0> = 10 10 12 25 30 65 D009 Brown-out Reset (2) 0.0 0.0 D010 High/Low Voltage Detect (2) TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Note 1: 2: 3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS and all features that add delta current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 Oscillator, BOR, etc.). BOR, HLVD and FVR enable internal band gap reference. With both modules enabled, current consumption will be less than the sum of both specifications. A/D converter differential currents apply only in Run mode. In Sleep or Idle mode both the ADC and the FRC turn off as soon as conversion (if any) is complete. DS41412B-page 424 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 (Continued) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ Typ Max Max +25C +60C +85C +125C 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 1 D013 A/D Converter (3) Units Conditions VDD Notes PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D011 Device Characteristics Secondary Oscillator 3 4 3 4 5 3 4 3 4 5 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V HP mode LP mode Adder to A/D current for FRC conversion clock. A/D on, not converting 32 kHz on SOSC 200 260 200 260 260 D014 A/D Converter (3) D015 Comparators 9 9 9 9 9 15 15 15 15 15 80 80 80 80 80 15 15 15 15 15 80 80 80 80 80 A A A A A A A A A A D16 Comparators 50 50 50 50 50 Note 1: 2: 3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS and all features that add delta current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 Oscillator, BOR, etc.). BOR, HLVD and FVR enable internal band gap reference. With both modules enabled, current consumption will be less than the sum of both specifications. A/D converter differential currents apply only in Run mode. In Sleep or Idle mode both the ADC and the FRC turn off as soon as conversion (if any) is complete. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 425 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 (Continued) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ Typ Max Max +25C +60C +85C +125C 12 20 12 20 33 D018 FVR Units Conditions VDD Notes PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D017 Device Characteristics DAC 20 30 20 30 50 25 25 45 55 100 20 30 20 30 50 25 25 45 55 100 A A A A A A A A A A 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V 1.8V 3.0V 1.8V 3.0V 5.0V 15 15 30 35 70 Note 1: 2: 3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS and all features that add delta current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 Oscillator, BOR, etc.). BOR, HLVD and FVR enable internal band gap reference. With both modules enabled, current consumption will be less than the sum of both specifications. A/D converter differential currents apply only in Run mode. In Sleep or Idle mode both the ADC and the FRC turn off as soon as conversion (if any) is complete. DS41412B-page 426 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.3 DC Characteristics: RC Run Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 7.0 D021 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 10.0 D022 12 15 17 20 D023 16 19 23 25 17 D024 21 24 28 D025 D026 D027 D028 D029 D030 D031 D032 D033 D034 Note 1: 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 0.35 0.45 0.55 Max 14 14 -- 18 30 20 20 -- 22 35 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.70 0.60 0.80 0.90 Units A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA -40C +25C +60C +85C 125C -40C +25C +60C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V FOSC = 500 KHz (RC_RUN mode, MFINTOSC source) FOSC = 500 KHz (RC_RUN mode, MFINTOSC source) FOSC = 1 MHz (RC_RUN mode, HFINTOSC source) FOSC = 1 MHz (RC_RUN mode, HFINTOSC source) VDD = 5.0V VDD = 3.0V FOSC = 31 kHz (RC_RUN mode, LFINTOSC source) VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V FOSC = 31 kHz (RC_RUN mode, LFINTOSC source) VDD = 1.8V Conditions PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D020 Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(1),(2) 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. Test condition: All Peripheral Module Control bits in PMD0, PMD1 and PMD2 set to `1'. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: All I/O pins set as outputs driven to Vss; MCLR = VDD; OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail (PRI_RUN and PRI_IDLE only). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 427 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.3 DC Characteristics: RC Run Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 (Continued) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 1.0 1.7 1.2 2.0 2.3 Max 1.7 2.8 1.9 3.2 3.6 Units mA mA mA mA mA -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C Conditions VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V FOSC = 16 MHz (RC_RUN mode, HFINTOSC source) FOSC = 16 MHz (RC_RUN mode, HFINTOSC source) FOSC = 64 MHz (RC_RUN mode, HFINTOSC + PLL source) FOSC = 64 MHz (RC_RUN mode, HFINTOSC + PLL source) PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D035 D036 D037 D038 D039 Device Characteristics D041 6.5 10 mA -40C to +125C VDD = 3.0V D043 D044 Note 1: 7.0 7.9 11.0 12.0 mA mA -40C to +125C -40C to +125C VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. Test condition: All Peripheral Module Control bits in PMD0, PMD1 and PMD2 set to `1'. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: All I/O pins set as outputs driven to Vss; MCLR = VDD; OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail (PRI_RUN and PRI_IDLE only). DS41412B-page 428 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.4 DC Characteristics: RC Idle Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 4.0 D046 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 5.0 D047 10 13 15 18 D048 12 14 17 20 D049 13 16 18 23 D050 D051 D052 D053 D054 D055 D056 Note 1: 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.35 Max Units 8 8 -- 10 25 10 10 -- 12 30 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.60 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A mA mA mA mA mA mA mA -40C +25C +60C +85C +125C -40C +25C +60C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V FOSC = 500 KHz (RC_IDLE mode, MFINTOSC source) FOSC = 500 KHz (RC_IDLE mode, MFINTOSC source) FOSC = 1 MHz (RC_IDLE mode, HFINTOSC source) PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D045 Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(1),(2) Conditions VDD = 1.8V FOSC = 31 kHz (RC_IDLE mode, LFINTOSC source) VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V FOSC = 31 kHz (RC_IDLE mode, LFINTOSC source) VDD = 5.0V 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 429 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.4 DC Characteristics: RC Idle Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 (Continued) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 0.3 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 2.5 3.0 3.5 Max Units 0.50 0.70 0.80 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.7 4 5.0 6.0 mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C Conditions VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V FOSC = 1 MHz (RC_IDLE mode, HFINTOSC source) FOSC = 16 MHz (RC_IDLE mode, HFINTOSC source) FOSC = 16 MHz (RC_IDLE mode, HFINTOSC source) FOSC = 64 MHz (RC_IDLE mode, HFINTOSC + PLL source) FOSC = 64 MHz (RC_IDLE mode, HFINTOSC + PLL source) PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D057 D058 D059 D060 D061 D062 D063 D064 D066 D068 D069 Note 1: Device Characteristics 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. DS41412B-page 430 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.5 DC Characteristics: Primary Run Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 0.07 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.15 1.2 2.2 1.4 2.4 2.7 6.5 D081 D082 D083 D084 6.8 7.5 1.0 1.8 1.0 1.9 2.2 Max Units 0.14 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.30 2.0 3.8 2.5 4.0 4.5 11 11 13 1.7 3.2 1.8 3.5 4.0 mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C Conditions VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V FOSC = 1 MHz (PRI_RUN, EC oscillator) FOSC = 1 MHz (PRI_RUN, EC oscillator) FOSC = 20 MHz (PRI_RUN, EC oscillator) FOSC = 20 MHz (PRI_RUN, EC oscillator) FOSC = 64 MHz (PRI_RUN, EC oscillator) FOSC = 64 MHz (PRI_RUN, EC oscillator) FOSC = 4 MHz 16 MHz Internal (PRI_RUN, EC + PLL) FOSC = 4 MHz 16 MHz Internal (PRI_RUN, EC + PLL) FOSC = 16 MHz 64 MHz Internal (PRI_RUN, EC + PLL) PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D070 D071 D072 D073 D074 D075 D076 D077 D078 D079 D080 Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(1),(2) D085 D086 D087 D088 6.5 Note 1: 10 mA -40C to +125C VDD = 3.0V 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: All I/O pins set as outputs driven to VSS; MCLR = VDD; OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail (PRI_RUN and PRI-IDLE only). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 431 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.5 DC Characteristics: Primary Run Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 (Continued) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 6.8 7.5 Max Units 11 13 mA mA -40C to +125C -40C to +125C Conditions VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V FOSC = 16 MHz 64 MHz Internal (PRI_RUN, EC + PLL) PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D089 D090 Note 1: Device Characteristics 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: All I/O pins set as outputs driven to VSS; MCLR = VDD; OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail (PRI_RUN and PRI-IDLE only). DS41412B-page 432 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.6 DC Characteristics: Primary Idle Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ Max Units mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C Conditions VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V FOSC = 1 MHz (PRI_IDLE mode, EC oscillator) FOSC = 1 MHz (PRI_IDLE mode, EC oscillator) FOSC = 20 MHz (PRI_IDLEmode, EC oscillator) FOSC = 20 MHz (PRI_IDLEmode, EC oscillator) FOSC = 64 MHz (PRI_IDLEmode, EC oscillator) FOSC = 64 MHz (PRI_IDLEmode, EC oscillator) FOSC = 4 MHz 16 MHz Internal (PRI_IDLE, EC + PLL) FOSC = 4 MHz 16 MHz Internal (PRI_IDLE, EC + PLL) FOSC = 16 MHz 64 MHz Internal (PRI_IDLE, EC + PLL) FOSC = 16 MHz 64 MHz Internal (PRI_IDLE, EC + PLL) PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D100 D101 D102 D103 D104 D105 D106 D107 D108 D109 D110 Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(1),(2) 0.025 0.07 0.045 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.45 0.75 0.5 0.9 1.1 2.5 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.65 1.10 0.8 1.5 1.8 4 4.2 5.0 0.70 1.10 0.7 1.2 1.5 D111 D112 D113 D114 2.7 3.3 0.40 0.65 0.4 0.7 0.9 D115 D116 D117 D118 2.5 D119 D120 2.7 3.3 4 5.0 6.0 mA mA mA -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C VDD = 3.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V Note 1: 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: All I/O pins set as outputs driven to VSS; MCLR = VDD; OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail (PRI_RUN and PRI-IDLE only). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 433 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.7 DC Characteristics: Secondary Oscillator Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 9.0 D131 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 11.0 D132 12 16 19 22 D133 16 20 23 27 D134 18 22 25 30 D135 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 6.0 D136 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 7.0 Note 1: Max Units 14 14 -- 18 30 20 20 -- 22 35 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 8 8 -- 10 25 10 10 -- 12 30 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A -40C +25C +60C +85C +125C -40C +25C +60C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +60C +85C +125C -40C +25C +60C +85C +125C VDD = 3.0V VDD = 1.8V FOSC = 32 kHz (SEC_IDLE mode, SOSC source) VDD = 5.0V VDD = 3.0V FOSC = 32 kHz (SEC_RUN mode, SOSC source) VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V FOSC = 32 kHz (SEC_RUN mode, SOSC source) VDD = 1.8V Conditions PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D130 Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(1),(2) 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: All I/O pins set as outputs driven to VSS; MCLR = VDD; OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail (PRI_RUN and PRI_IDLE only). DS41412B-page 434 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.7 DC Characteristics: Secondary Oscillator Supply Current, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Typ 10 13 16 19 D138 11 15 18 22 D139 13 17 20 24 Note 1: Max Units 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 50 50 50 60 A A A A A A A A A A A A -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C -40C +25C +85C +125C VDD = 5.0V VDD = 3.0V FOSC = 32 kHz (SEC_IDLE mode, SOSC source) VDD = 1.8V Conditions PIC18LF2X/4XK22 PIC18F2X/4XK22 Param No. D137 Device Characteristics 2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: All I/O pins set as outputs driven to VSS; MCLR = VDD; OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail (PRI_RUN and PRI_IDLE only). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 435 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.8 DC Characteristics:Input/Output Characteristics, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Min Typ DC CHARACTERISTICS Param Symbol No. VIL D140 D141 D142 D143 D144 D145 D146 VIH D147 D148 D149 D150 D151 D152 D153 D154 IIL VIH VIH Characteristic Input Low Voltage I/O ports: with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger MCLR OSC1 OSC1 OSC1 TXCKI Input High Voltage I/O ports: with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger: MCLR OSC1 OSC1 OSC1 OSC1 TXCKI Input Leakage I/O and MCLR(2),(3) I/O ports Max Units Conditions -- -- -- -- -- -- -- V V V V V V V HS, HSPLL modes RC, EC modes(1) XT, LP modes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- V V V V V V V V V V 2.4V < VDD < 3.6V VDD < 2.4V 2.4V < VDD < 3.6V VDD < 2.4V HS, HSPLL modes EC mode RC mode(1) XT, LP modes VSS VPIN VDD, Pin at highimpedance D155 5 10 30 100 10 35 200 400 nA nA nA nA nA nA nA nA nA nA nA nA +25C +60C +85C +125C +25C +60C +85C +125C +25C +60C +85C +125C Input Leakage RA2 D156 IIL Input Leakage RA3 D157 IIL 10 25 70 300 Note 1: 2: 3: 4: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC(R) device be driven with an external clock while in RC mode. The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages. Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin. Parameter is characterized but not tested. DS41412B-page 436 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.8 DC Characteristics:Input/Output Characteristics, PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 (Continued) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Min Typ DC CHARACTERISTICS Param Symbol No. IPU D158 IPURB VOL D159 Characteristic Weak Pull-up Current PORTB weak pull-up current Output Low Voltage I/O ports Max Units Conditions 90 A VDD = 3.0V, VPIN = VSS IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 3.0V, -40C to +85C IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 3.0V, -40C to +85C IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 3.0V, -40C to +85C IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 3.0V, -40C to +85C -- V D160 OSC2/CLKOUT (RC, RCIO, EC, ECIO modes) VOH Output High Voltage(3) I/O ports -- V D161 -- V D162 OSC2/CLKOUT (RC, RCIO, EC, ECIO modes) Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins -- V D163(4) COSC2 OSC2 pin -- pF In XT, HS and LP modes when external clock is used to drive OSC1 To meet the AC Timing Specifications I2CTM Specification D164 CIO All I/O pins and OSC2 (in RC mode) SCL, SDA -- pF D165 Note 1: 2: CB -- pF 3: 4: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC(R) device be driven with an external clock while in RC mode. The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages. Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin. Parameter is characterized but not tested. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 437 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.9 Memory Programming Requirements Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Characteristic Internal Program Memory Programming Specifications(1) D170 D171 VPP IDDP Voltage on MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin Supply Current during Programming Data EEPROM Memory D172 D173 D174 D175 D176 D177 ED VDRW VDRW TDEW Byte Endurance VDD for Read/Write (PIC18LF) VDD for Read/Write (PIC18F) Erase/Write Cycle Time 100K 1.8 1.8 -- 40 1M -- -- -- 4 -- 10M -- 3.6 5.5 -- -- -- E/W V V ms Year E/W Provided no other specifications are violated -40C to +85C -40C to +85C Using EECON to read/write VDD + 4.5 -- -- -- 9 10 V mA (Note 3), (Note 4) Min Typ Max Units Conditions DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. Sym TRETD Characteristic Retention TREF Number of Total Erase/Write Cycles before Refresh(2) Program Flash Memory Cell Endurance VDD for Read (PIC18LF) VDD for Read (PIC18F) VDD for Row Erase or Write (PIC18LF) VDD for Row Erase or Write (PIC18F) Self-timed Write Cycle Time D178 D179 D180 D181 D182 D183 D184 EP VPR VPR VIW VIW TIW 10K 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.2 -- 40 -- -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- 3.6 5.5 3.6 5.5 -- -- E/W V V V V ms Year -40C to +85C (Note 5) TRETD Characteristic Retention Provided no other specifications are violated Data in "Typ" column is at 3.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: These specifications are for programming the on-chip program memory through the use of table write instructions. 2: Refer to Section 7.8 "Using the Data EEPROM" for a more detailed discussion on data EEPROM endurance. 3: Required only if single-supply programming is disabled. 4: The MPLAB ICD 2 does not support variable VPP output. Circuitry to limit the ICD 2 VPP voltage must be placed between the ICD 2 and target system when programming or debugging with the ICD 2. 5: Self-write and Block Erase. DS41412B-page 438 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.10 Analog Characteristics TABLE 27-1: Param No. CM01 CM02 CM03 CM04 CM05 * Note 1: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS Operating Conditions: 1.8V < VDD < 5.5V, -40C < TA < +125C (unless otherwise stated) Sym VIOFF VICM CMRR TRESP TMC2OV Characteristics Input Offset Voltage Input Common-mode Voltage Common-mode Rejection Ratio Response Time Comparator Mode Change to Output Valid* -- -- -- Min -- -- Typ 12 18 -- -- 200 300 -- VDD -- Max Units mV mV V dB ns ns s High-Power mode(1) Low-Power mode Comments High-Power mode Low-Power mode These parameters are characterized but not tested. Response time measured with one comparator input at VDD/2, while the other input transitions from VSS to VDD. TABLE 27-2: Param No. CV01* CV02* CV03* CV04* * Note 1: 2: DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC) SPECIFICATIONS Operating Conditions: 1.8V < VDD < 5.5V, -40C < TA < +125C (unless otherwise stated) Sym CLSB CACC CR CST Characteristics Step Size(2) Absolute Accuracy Unit Resistor Value (R) Settling Time(1) Min -- -- -- -- Typ VDD/32 -- 5k -- Max -- 1/2 -- 10 Units V LSb s Comments These parameters are characterized but not tested. Settling time measured while CVRR = 1 and CVR3:CVR0 transitions from `0000' to `1111'. See Section 22.0 "Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Module" for more information. TABLE 27-3: FIXED VOLTAGE REFERENCE (FVR) SPECIFICATIONS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Min 0.92 1.84 3.70 Typ 1.024 2.048 4.096 25 Max 1.13 2.26 4.50 100 Units V V V s Comments 1x output, VDD 1.8V 2x output, VDD 2.5V 4x output, VDD 4.75V 0 to 125C Operating Conditions: 1.8V < VDD < 3.6V, -40C < TA < +125C (unless otherwise stated) VR Voltage Reference Specifications Param No. VR01 Sym VROUT Characteristics VR voltage output VR04* * TSTABLE Settling Time -- These parameters are characterized but not tested. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 439 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 27-2: HIGH/LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT CHARACTERISTICS VDD (HLVDIF can be cleared by software) VHLVD (HLVDIF set by hardware) HLVDIF TABLE 27-4: HIGH/LOW-VOLTAGE DETECT CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Param Symbol No. Characteristic HLVD Voltage on VDD Transition High-toLow HLVDL<3:0> 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Min Typ 1.80 2.05 2.25 2.40 2.50 2.75 2.80 2.95 3.25 3.45 3.65 3.80 4.10 4.35 4.70 V(HLVDIN pin) Max Units V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V v Conditions Production tested at TAMB = 25C. Specifications over temperature limits ensured by characterization. DS41412B-page 440 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.11 AC (Timing) Characteristics 27.11.1 TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY The timing parameter symbols have been created using one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2. TppS T F Frequency Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings: pp cc CCP1 ck CLKOUT cs CS di SDI do SDO dt Data in io I/O port mc MCLR Uppercase letters and their meanings: S F Fall H High I Invalid (High-impedance) L Low I2C only AA output access BUF Bus free TCC:ST (I2C specifications only) CC HD Hold ST DAT DATA input hold STA Start condition 3. TCC:ST 4. Ts T (I2CTM specifications only) (I2C specifications only) Time osc rd rw sc ss t0 t1 wr OSC1 RD RD or WR SCK SS T0CKI T13CKI WR P R V Z High Low Period Rise Valid High-impedance High Low SU STO Setup Stop condition 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 441 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.11.2 TIMING CONDITIONS The temperature and voltages specified in Table 27-5 apply to all timing specifications unless otherwise noted. Figure 27-3 specifies the load conditions for the timing specifications. TABLE 27-5: TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS - AC Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 27.1 and Section 27.9. AC CHARACTERISTICS FIGURE 27-3: LOAD CONDITIONS FOR DEVICE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS Load Condition 1 VDD/2 RL Pin VSS CL Load Condition 2 Pin VSS CL Legend: RL = 464 CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2/CLKOUT and including D and E outputs as ports DS41412B-page 442 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 27.11.3 TIMING DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING (ALL MODES EXCEPT PLL) Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 FIGURE 27-4: OSC1 1 2 3 3 4 4 CLKOUT TABLE 27-6: Param. No. 1A EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency(1) Oscillator Frequency(1) Min DC DC 0.1 4 4 5 Max 64 4 4 25 16 200 -- -- 10,000 250 250 200 -- -- -- -- 20 50 7.5 Units MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz kHz ns ns ns ns ns s ns ns s ns ns ns ns Conditions EC, ECIO Oscillator mode RC Oscillator mode XT Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode HS + PLL Oscillator mode LP Oscillator mode EC, ECIO Oscillator mode RC Oscillator mode XT Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode HS + PLL Oscillator mode, LP Oscillator mode TCY = 4/FOSC XT Oscillator mode LP Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode XT Oscillator mode LP Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode Symbol FOSC 1 TOSC External CLKIN Period(1) Oscillator Period(1) 15.6 250 250 40 62.5 5 2 3 TCY TOSL, TOSH TOSR, TOSF Instruction Cycle Time(1) 62.5 30 2.5 10 -- -- -- External Clock in (OSC1) High or Low Time External Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time 4 Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period for all configurations except PLL. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at "min." values with an external clock applied to the OSC1/CLKIN pin. When an external clock input is used, the "max." cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 443 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-7: Param. No. F10 Sym PLL CLOCK TIMING SPECIFICATIONS (VDD = 1.8V TO 5.5V) Characteristic Min 4 4 Typ -- -- Max 5 16 Units Conditions FOSC Oscillator Frequency Range MHz VDD = 1.8-3.0V MHz VDD = 3.0-3.6V, -40C to +125C PIC18LF2X/4XK22 MHz VDD = 3.0-5.5V, -40C to +125C PIC18F2X/4XK22 MHz VDD = 1.8-3.0V MHz VDD = 3.0-3.6V, -40C to +125C PIC18LF2X/4XK22 MHz VDD = 3.0-5.5V, -40C to +125C PIC18F2X/4XK22 ms % 4 -- 16 F11 FSYS On-Chip VCO System Frequency 16 16 -- -- 20 64 16 -- 64 F12 F13 trc CLK PLL Start-up Time (Lock Time) CLKOUT Stability (Jitter) -- -2 -- -- 2 +2 Data in "Typ" column is at 3V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. TABLE 27-8: PIC18(L)F46K22 Param. No. OA1 AC CHARACTERISTICS:INTERNAL OSCILLATORS ACCURACY PIC18(L)F46K22 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Min Typ Max Units Conditions HFINTOSC Accuracy @ Freq = 16 MHz, 8 MHz, 4 MHz, 2 MHz, 1 MHz, 500 kHz, 250 kHz(1) -2 -3 -5 0 -- -- +2 +2 +5 % % % +0C to +70C +70C to +85C -40C to 0C and +85C to 125C -40C to +125C OA2 LFINTOSC Accuracy @ Freq = 31 kHz 26.562 -- 35.938 kHz Legend: Shading of rows is to assist in readability of the table. Note 1: Frequency calibrated at 25C. OSCTUNE register can be used to compensate for temperature drift. DS41412B-page 444 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 27-5: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING Q4 OSC1 10 CLKOUT 13 14 I/O pin (Input) 17 I/O pin (Output) Old Value 20, 21 Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. 15 New Value 19 18 12 16 11 Q1 Q2 Q3 Note: TABLE 27-9: Param. No. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Symbol TosH2ckL CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS Characteristic OSC1 to CLKOUT OSC1 to CLKOUT CLKOUT Rise Time CLKOUT Fall Time CLKOUT to Port Out Valid Port In Valid before CLKOUT Port In Hold after CLKOUT OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port Out Valid OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port Input Invalid (I/O in hold time) Port Input Valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup time) Port Output Rise Time Port Output Fall Time INTx pin High or Low Time RB<7:4> Change KBIx High or Low Time Min -- -- -- -- -- 0.25 TCY + 25 0 -- 100 0 -- -- 20 TCY Typ 75 75 35 35 -- -- -- 50 -- -- 10 10 -- -- Max 200 200 100 100 0.5 TCY + 20 -- -- 150 -- -- 25 25 -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Conditions (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) TosH2ckH TckR TckF TckL2ioV TioV2ckH TckH2ioI TosH2ioV TosH2ioI TioV2osH TioR TioF TINP TRBP Note 1: These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edges. Measurements are taken in RC mode, where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 445 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 27-6: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP TIMER TIMING VDD MCLR Internal POR PWRT Time-out OSC Time-out Internal Reset Watchdog Timer Reset 34 I/O pins Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. 33 32 30 31 34 FIGURE 27-7: VDD BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING BVDD 35 VBGAP = 1.2V VIVRST Enable Internal Reference Voltage Internal Reference Voltage Stable 36 DS41412B-page 446 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-10: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS Param. Symbol No. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 TmcL TWDT TOST TPWRT TIOZ TBOR TIVRST THLVD TCSD TIOBST Characteristic MCLR Pulse Width (low) Watchdog Timer Time-out Period (no postscaler) Oscillation Start-up Timer Period Power-up Timer Period I/O High-Impedance from MCLR Low or Watchdog Timer Reset Brown-out Reset Pulse Width Internal Reference Voltage Stable High/Low-Voltage Detect Pulse Width CPU Start-up Time Time for HF-INTOSC to Stabilize Min 2 3.5 1024 TOSC 54.8 -- 200 -- 200 5 -- Typ -- 4.1 -- 64.4 2 -- 25 -- -- 0.25 Max -- 4.7 1024 TOSC 74.1 -- -- 35 -- 10 1 Units s ms -- ms s s s s s ms VDD VHLVD VDD BVDD (see D005) 1:1 prescaler TOSC = OSC1 period Conditions FIGURE 27-8: T0CKI TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS 40 42 T1OSO/T13CKI 41 45 47 TMR0 or TMR1 Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. 46 48 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 447 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-11: TIMER0 AND TIMER1/3/5 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS Param. No. 40 41 42 Symbol Tt0H Tt0L Tt0P Characteristic T0CKI High Pulse Width T0CKI Low Pulse Width T0CKI Period No prescaler With prescaler No prescaler With prescaler No prescaler With prescaler Min 0.5 TCY + 20 10 0.5 TCY + 20 10 TCY + 10 Greater of: 20 ns or (TCY + 40)/N 0.5 TCY + 20 10 30 0.5 TCY + 5 10 30 Greater of: 20 ns or (TCY + 40)/N 60 DC 2 TOSC Max -- -- -- -- -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (1, 2, 4,..., 256) Conditions 45 Tt1H TxCKI High Time Synchronous, no prescaler Synchronous, with prescaler Asynchronous Synchronous, no prescaler Synchronous, with prescaler Asynchronous Synchronous -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ns ns ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (1, 2, 4, 8) 46 Tt1L TxCKI Low Time 47 Tt1P TxCKI Input Period Asynchronous Ft1 48 Tcke2tmrI TxCKI Clock Input Frequency Range Delay from External TxCKI Clock Edge to Timer Increment -- 50 7 TOSC ns kHz -- FIGURE 27-9: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (ALL CCP MODULES) CCPx (Capture Mode) 50 52 51 CCPx (Compare or PWM Mode) 53 Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. 54 DS41412B-page 448 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-12: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (ALL CCP MODULES) Param . Symbol No. 50 TccL Characteristic CCPx Input Low No prescaler Time With prescaler CCPx Input High Time No prescaler With prescaler Min 0.5 TCY + 20 10 0.5 TCY + 20 10 3 TCY + 40 N -- -- Max -- -- -- -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (1, 4 or 16) Conditions 51 TccH 52 TccP CCPx Input Period 53 54 TccR TccF CCPx Output Fall Time CCPx Output Fall Time 25 25 ns ns FIGURE 27-10: SS EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0) 70 SCK (CKP = 0) 71 72 78 79 SCK (CKP = 1) 79 MSb 75, 76 SDI MSb In 74 73 Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In bit 6 - - - - - -1 78 LSb 80 SDO 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 449 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-13: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 0) Param. No. 70 71 71A 72 72A 73 73A 74 75 76 78 79 80 Note 1: 2: TdiV2scH, TdiV2scL Tb2b TscH2diL, TscL2diL TdoR TdoF TscR TscF TscH2doV, TscL2doV TscL Symbol TssL2scH, TssL2scL TscH Characteristic SS to SCK or SCK Input SCK Input High Time (Slave mode) SCK Input Low Time (Slave mode) Continuous Single Byte Continuous Single Byte Min TCY 1.25 TCY + 30 40 1.25 TCY + 30 40 100 1.5 TCY + 40 100 -- -- -- -- -- Max Units -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 25 25 50 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns (Note 2) (Note 1) (Note 1) Conditions Setup Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the 1st Clock Edge of Byte 2 Hold Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge SDO Data Output Rise Time SDO Data Output Fall Time SCK Output Rise Time (Master mode) SCK Output Fall Time (Master mode) SDO Data Output Valid after SCK Edge Requires the use of Parameter #73A. Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used. FIGURE 27-11: SS EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1) 81 SCK (CKP = 0) 71 73 SCK (CKP = 1) 72 79 80 78 MSb 75, 76 bit 6 - - - - - -1 LSb SDO SDI MSb In 74 bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. DS41412B-page 450 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-14: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 1) Param. No. 71 71A 72 72A 73 73A 74 75 76 78 79 80 81 Note 1: 2: TdiV2scH, TdiV2scL Tb2b TscH2diL, TscL2diL TdoR TdoF TscR TscF TscH2doV, TscL2doV TdoV2scH, TdoV2scL TscL Symbol TscH Characteristic SCK Input High Time (Slave mode) SCK Input Low Time (Slave mode) Continuous Single Byte Continuous Single Byte Min 1.25 TCY + 30 40 1.25 TCY + 30 40 100 1.5 TCY + 40 100 -- -- -- -- -- TCY Max Units -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 25 25 50 -- ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns (Note 2) (Note 1) (Note 1) Conditions Setup Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the 1st Clock Edge of Byte 2 Hold Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge SDO Data Output Rise Time SDO Data Output Fall Time SCK Output Rise Time (Master mode) SCK Output Fall Time (Master mode) SDO Data Output Valid after SCK Edge SDO Data Output Setup to SCK Edge Requires the use of Parameter #73A. Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used. FIGURE 27-12: SS EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0) 70 SCK (CKP = 0) 71 72 78 79 83 SCK (CKP = 1) 79 MSb 75, 76 SDI MSb In 73 Note: 74 bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In bit 6 - - - - - -1 78 LSb 77 80 SDO Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 451 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-15: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE TIMING, CKE = 0) Param. No. 70 71 71A 72 72A 73 73A 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 83 Note 1: 2: TdiV2scH, TdiV2scL Tb2b TscH2diL, TscL2diL TdoR TdoF TssH2doZ TscR TscF TscH2doV, TscL2doV TscH2ssH, TscL2ssH TscL Symbol TssL2scH, TssL2scL TscH Characteristic SS to SCK or SCK Input SCK Input High Time (Slave mode) SCK Input Low Time (Slave mode) Setup Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 Hold Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge SDO Data Output Rise Time SDO Data Output Fall Time SS to SDO Output High-Impedance SCK Output Rise Time (Master mode) SCK Output Fall Time (Master mode) SDO Data Output Valid after SCK Edge SS after SCK edge Continuous Single Byte Continuous Single Byte Min TCY 1.25 TCY + 30 40 1.25 TCY + 30 40 100 1.5 TCY + 40 100 -- -- 10 -- -- -- 1.5 TCY + 40 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50 25 25 50 -- Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns (Note 2) (Note 1) (Note 1) Conditions Requires the use of Parameter #73A. Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used. FIGURE 27-13: SS EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1) 82 SCK (CKP = 0) 70 83 71 72 SCK (CKP = 1) 80 SDO MSb 75, 76 bit 6 - - - - - -1 LSb 77 SDI MSb In bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In Note: 74 Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. DS41412B-page 452 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-16: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE REQUIREMENTS (CKE = 1) Param. No. 70 71 71A 72 72A 73A 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 82 83 Note 1: 2: Tb2b TscH2diL, TscL2diL TdoR TdoF TssH2doZ TscR TscF TscH2doV, TscL2doV TssL2doV TscH2ssH, TscL2ssH TscL Symbol TssL2scH, TssL2scL TscH Characteristic SS to SCK or SCK Input SCK Input High Time (Slave mode) SCK Input Low Time (Slave mode) Continuous Single Byte Continuous Single Byte Min TCY 1.25 TCY + 30 40 1.25 TCY + 30 40 1.5 TCY + 40 100 -- -- 10 -- -- -- -- 1.5 TCY + 40 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50 25 25 50 50 -- Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns (Note 1) (Note 2) (Note 1) Conditions Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 Hold Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge SDO Data Output Rise Time SDO Data Output Fall Time SS to SDO Output High-Impedance SCK Output Rise Time (Master mode) SCK Output Fall Time (Master mode) SDO Data Output Valid after SCK Edge SDO Data Output Valid after SS Edge SS after SCK Edge Requires the use of Parameter #73A. Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used. FIGURE 27-14: I2CTM BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING SCL 90 SDA 91 92 93 Start Condition Stop Condition Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 453 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-17: I2CTM BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE) Param. Symbol No. 90 91 92 93 TSU:STA THD:STA TSU:STO Setup Time Start Condition Hold Time Stop Condition Setup Time THD:STO Stop Condition Hold Time Characteristic Start Condition 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode Min 4700 600 4000 600 4700 600 4000 600 Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ns ns ns Units ns Conditions Only relevant for Repeated Start condition After this period, the first clock pulse is generated FIGURE 27-15: I2CTM BUS DATA TIMING 103 100 101 102 SCL 90 91 106 107 92 SDA In 110 109 109 SDA Out Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. DS41412B-page 454 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-18: I2CTM BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE) Param. Symbol No. 100 THIGH Characteristic Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode SSP Module 101 TLOW Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode SSP Module 102 TR SDA and SCL Rise 100 kHz mode Time 400 kHz mode SDA and SCL Fall Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode D102 Note 1: 2: CB Bus Capacitive Loading Min 4.0 0.6 1.5 TCY 4.7 1.3 1.5 TCY -- 20 + 0.1 CB -- 20 + 0.1 CB 4.7 0.6 4.0 0.6 0 0 250 100 4.7 0.6 -- -- 4.7 1.3 -- Max -- -- -- -- -- -- 1000 300 300 300 -- -- -- -- -- 0.9 -- -- -- -- 3500 -- -- -- 400 ns ns ns ns s s s s ns s ns ns s s ns ns s s pF Time the bus must be free before a new transmission can start (Note 1) (Note 2) CB is specified to be from 10 to 400 pF Only relevant for Repeated Start condition After this period, the first clock pulse is generated CB is specified to be from 10 to 400 pF s s Must operate at a minimum of 1.5 MHz Must operate at a minimum of 10 MHz Units s s Conditions Must operate at a minimum of 1.5 MHz Must operate at a minimum of 10 MHz 103 TF 90 91 106 107 92 109 110 TSU:STA Start Condition Setup Time THD:STA Start Condition Hold Time THD:DA T Data Input Hold Time TSU:DAT Data Input Setup Time TSU:STO Stop Condition Setup Time TAA TBUF Output Valid from Clock Bus Free Time As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region (min. 300 ns) of the falling edge of SCL to avoid unintended generation of Start or Stop conditions. A fast mode I2C bus device can be used in a standard mode I2C bus system but the requirement, TSU:DAT 250 ns, must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDA line, TR max. + TSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the standard mode I2C bus specification), before the SCL line is released. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 455 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 27-16: MASTER SSP I2CTM BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING WAVEFORMS SCL 90 SDA 91 92 93 Start Condition Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. Stop Condition TABLE 27-19: MASTER SSP I2CTM BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS Param. Symbol No. 90 TSU:STA Characteristic Start Condition Setup Time 91 THD:STA Start Condition Hold Time 92 TSU:STO Stop Condition Setup Time 93 THD:STO Stop Condition Hold Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) Min 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) Max -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ns ns ns Units ns Conditions Only relevant for Repeated Start condition After this period, the first clock pulse is generated Note 1: Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C pins. FIGURE 27-17: MASTER SSP I2CTM BUS DATA TIMING 103 100 101 102 SCL SDA In 90 91 106 107 92 109 109 110 SDA Out Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. DS41412B-page 456 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-20: MASTER SSP I2CTM BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS Param. Symbol No. 100 THIGH Characteristic Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz 101 TLOW mode(1) Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 102 TR SDA and SCL Rise Time SDA and SCL Fall Time Start Condition Setup Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 103 TF 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 90 TSU:STA 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 91 THD:STA Start Condition Hold Time THD:DAT Data Input Hold Time TSU:DAT Data Input Setup Time 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 106 107 92 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz 109 TAA Output Valid from Clock Bus Free Time mode(1) 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode 1 MHz mode(1) 110 TBUF 100 kHz mode 400 kHz mode D102 Note 1: 2: CB Bus Capacitive Loading Min 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) -- 20 + 0.1 CB -- -- 20 + 0.1 CB -- 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 0 0 250 100 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) -- -- -- 4.7 1.3 -- Max -- -- -- -- -- -- 1000 300 300 300 300 100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.9 -- -- -- -- -- 3500 1000 -- -- -- 400 Units ms ms ms ms ms ms ns ns ns ns ns ns ms ms ms ms ms ms ns ms ns ns ms ms ms ns ns ns ms ms pF Time the bus must be free before a new transmission can start (Note 2) CB is specified to be from 10 to 400 pF CB is specified to be from 10 to 400 pF Only relevant for Repeated Start condition After this period, the first clock pulse is generated Conditions TSU:STO Stop Condition Setup Time Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C pins. A fast mode I2C bus device can be used in a standard mode I2C bus system, but parameter 107 250 ns must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDA line, parameter 102 + parameter 107 = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (for 100 kHz mode), before the SCL line is released. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 457 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 FIGURE 27-18: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING TXx/CKx pin RXx/DTx pin 120 Note: 121 121 122 Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. TABLE 27-21: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS Param. No. 120 121 122 Symbol Characteristic Min -- -- -- Max 40 20 20 Units ns ns ns Conditions TckH2dtV SYNC XMIT (MASTER & SLAVE) Clock High to Data Out Valid Tckrf Tdtrf Clock Out Rise Time and Fall Time (Master mode) Data Out Rise Time and Fall Time FIGURE 27-19: TXx/CKx pin RXx/DTx pin EUSART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING 125 126 Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions. TABLE 27-22: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS Param. No. 125 126 Symbol TdtV2ckl TckL2dtl Characteristic SYNC RCV (MASTER & SLAVE) Data Setup before CK (DT setup time) Data Hold after CK (DT hold time) Min 10 15 Max -- -- Units ns ns Conditions DS41412B-page 458 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-23: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Param . Symbol No. A01 A03 A04 A06 A07 A08 A20 NR EIL EDL EOFF EGN ETOTL VREF Characteristic Resolution Integral Linearity Error Differential Linearity Error Offset Error Gain Error Total Error Reference Voltage Range (VREFH - VREFL) Reference Voltage High Reference Voltage Low Analog Input Voltage Recommended Impedance of Analog Voltage Source Min -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.8 2.0 VDD/2 VSS - 0.3V VREFL -- Typ -- 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- Max 10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- VDD + 0.3 VDD/2 VREFH 3 Units bits LSb LSb LSb LSb LSb V V V V V k -40C to +85C Conditions -40C to +85C, VREF 2.0V -40C to +85C, VREF 2.0V -40C to +85C, VREF 2.0V -40C to +85C, VREF 2.0V -40C to +85C, VREF 2.0V -40C to +85C, VREF 2.0V Absolute Minimum Minimum for 1LSb Accuracy A21 A22 A25 A30 Note 1: 2: VREFH VREFL VAIN ZAIN The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes. VREFH current is from RA3/AN3/VREF+ pin or VDD, whichever is selected as the VREFH source. VREFL current is from RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pin or VSS, whichever is selected as the VREFL source. FIGURE 27-20: A/D CONVERSION TIMING BSF ADCON0, GO (Note 2) Q4 A/D CLK 132 131 130 A/D DATA 9 8 7 .. . ... 2 1 0 ADRES ADIF GO OLD_DATA NEW_DATA TCY DONE SAMPLE SAMPLING STOPPED Note 1: 2: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed. This is a minimal RC delay (typically 100 ns), which also disconnects the holding capacitor from the analog input. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 459 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 TABLE 27-24: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS Param. Symbol No. 130 TAD Characteristic A/D Clock Period Min 0.7 0.7 1.0 131 132 135 136 Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: TCNV TACQ TSWC TDIS Conversion Time (not including acquisition time) (Note 2) Acquisition Time (Note 3) Switching Time from Convert Sample Discharge Time 12 1.4 -- 2 Max 25.0(1) 4.0(1) 4.0 12 -- (Note 4) 2 TAD Units s s s TAD s VDD = 3V, Rs = 50 Conditions TOSC based, -40C to +85C TOSC based, +85C to +125C FRC mode, VDD2.0V TBD = To Be Determined The time of the A/D clock period is dependent on the device frequency and the TAD clock divider. ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle. The time for the holding capacitor to acquire the "New" input voltage when the voltage changes full scale after the conversion (VDD to VSS or VSS to VDD). The source impedance (RS) on the input channels is 50 . On the following cycle of the device clock. DS41412B-page 460 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 28.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS AND TABLES Graphs and tables are not available at this time. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 461 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 462 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 29.0 29.1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Package Marking Information 28-Lead PDIP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN Example PIC18F25K22-E/SP e3 0810017 28-Lead SOIC (7.50 mm) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN Example PIC18F25K22-E/SO e3 0810017 28-Lead SSOP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN Example PIC18F25K22-E/SS e3 0810017 Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN e3 * Note: Customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 463 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Package Marking Information (Continued) 28-Lead QFN Example XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX YYWWNNN 18F24K22 -E/ML e3 0810017 28-Lead UQFN Example XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX YWWNNN PIC18 F23K22 -E/MV e3 810017 40-Lead PDIP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN Example PIC18F45K22-E/P e3 0810017 44-Lead QFN Example XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN PIC18F45K22 -E/ML e3 0810017 44-Lead TQFP Example XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN PIC18F44K22 -E/PT e3 0810017 DS41412B-page 464 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 29.2 Package Details The following sections give the technical details of the packages. /HDG 6NLQQ\ 3ODVWLF 'XDO ,Q/LQH 63 PLO %RG\ >63',3@ 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ N NOTE 1 E1 1 23 D E A A2 L c A1 b1 b e e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icrochip Technology Inc. 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PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 /HDG 3ODVWLF 4XDG )ODW 1R /HDG 3DFNDJH 0/ [ PP %RG\ >4)1@ ZLWK PP &RQWDFW /HQJWK 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 469 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging DS41412B-page 470 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 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Preliminary DS41412B-page 473 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 /HDG 3ODVWLF 4XDG )ODW 1R /HDG 3DFNDJH 0/ [ PP %RG\ >4)1@ 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ DS41412B-page 474 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 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Preliminary DS41412B-page 475 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 /HDG 3ODVWLF 7KLQ 4XDG )ODWSDFN 37 [[ PP %RG\ PP >74)3@ 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ DS41412B-page 476 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY Revision A (February 2010) Initial release of this document. Revision B (April 2010) Updated Figures 2-4, 12-1 and 18-2; Updated Registers 2-2, 10-4, 10-5, 10-7, 17-2, 24-1 and 24-5; Updated Sections 10.3.2, 18.8.4, Synchronizing Comparator Output to Timer1; Updated Sections 27.2, 27-3, 27-4, 27-5, 27-6, 27-7 and 27-9; Updated Tables 27-2, 27-3, 27-4 and 27-7; Other minor corrections. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 477 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 APPENDIX B: DEVICE DIFFERENCES The differences between the devices listed in this data sheet are shown in Table B-1. TABLE B-1: Features(1) Program Memory (Bytes) SRAM (Bytes) EEPROM (Bytes) Interrupt Sources I/O Ports DEVICE DIFFERENCES PIC18F23K22 PIC18F24K22 PIC18LF23K22 PIC18LF24K22 PIC18F25K22 PIC18LF25K22 PIC18F26K22 PIC18LF26K22 PIC18F43K22 PIC18LF43K22 PIC18F44K22 PIC18LF44K22 PIC18F45K22 PIC18LF45K22 PIC18F46K22 PIC18LF46K22 8192 512 256 26 16384 768 256 26 32768 1536 256 33 65536 3896 1024 33 8192 512 256 26 16384 768 256 26 32768 1536 256 33 Ports A, B, C, D, E 2 2 1 28 input channels 40-pin PDIP 44-pin TQFP 44-pin QFN 65536 3896 1024 33 Ports A, B, C, D, E 2 2 1 28 input channels 40-pin PDIP 44-pin TQFP 44-pin QFN Ports A, B, C, Ports A, B, C, (E) (E) 2 1 2 17 input channels 28-pin PDIP 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SSOP 28-pin QFN 28-pin UQFN 2 1 2 17 input channels Ports A, B, C, Ports A, B, C, Ports A, B, C, Ports A, B, C, (E) (E) D, E D, E 2 1 2 17 input channels 2 1 2 17 input channels 28-pin PDIP 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SSOP 28-pin QFN 2 2 1 28 input channels 40-pin PDIP 44-pin TQFP 44-pin QFN 2 2 1 28 input channels 40-pin PDIP 44-pin TQFP 44-pin QFN Capture/Compare/PWM Modules (CCP) Enhanced CCP Modules (ECCP) Full Bridge ECCP Module Half Bridge 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module Packages 28-pin PDIP 28-pin PDIP 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SOIC 28-pin SSOP 28-pin SSOP 28-pin QFN 28-pin QFN 28-pin UQFN Note 1: PIC18FXXK22: operating voltage, 1.8V-5.5V. PIC18LFXXK22: operating voltage, 1.8V-3.6V. DS41412B-page 478 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 INDEX A A/D Analog Port Pins, Configuring .................................. 304 Associated Registers ............................................... 304 Conversions ............................................................. 295 Converter Characteristics ........................................ 459 Discharge ................................................................. 296 Selecting and Configuring Acquisition Time ............ 292 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................. 421 AC (Timing) Characteristics ............................................. 441 Load Conditions for Device Timing Specifications ... 442 Parameter Symbology ............................................. 441 Temperature and Voltage Specifications ................. 442 Timing Conditions .................................................... 442 AC Characteristics Internal RC Accuracy ............................................... 444 Access Bank Mapping with Indexed Literal Offset Mode ................. 94 ACKSTAT ........................................................................ 242 ACKSTAT Status Flag ..................................................... 242 ADC ................................................................................. 291 Acquisition Requirements ........................................ 302 Block Diagram .......................................................... 291 Calculating Acquisition Time .................................... 302 Channel Selection .................................................... 292 Configuration ............................................................ 292 Conversion Clock ..................................................... 293 Conversion Procedure ............................................. 297 Internal Sampling Switch (RSS) IMPEDANCE ............. 302 Interrupts .................................................................. 293 Operation ................................................................. 295 Operation During Sleep ........................................... 296 Port Configuration .................................................... 292 Power Management ................................................. 296 Reference Voltage (VREF) ........................................ 292 Result Formatting ..................................................... 294 Source Impedance ................................................... 302 Special Event Trigger ............................................... 296 Starting an A/D Conversion ..................................... 294 ADCON0 Register ............................................................ 298 ADCON1 Register ............................................................ 299 ADCON2 Register ............................................................ 300 ADDFSR .......................................................................... 410 ADDLW ............................................................................ 373 ADDULNK ........................................................................ 410 ADDWF ............................................................................ 373 ADDWFC ......................................................................... 374 ADRESH Register (ADFM = 0) ........................................ 301 ADRESH Register (ADFM = 1) ........................................ 301 ADRESL Register (ADFM = 0) ......................................... 301 ADRESL Register (ADFM = 1) ......................................... 301 Analog Input Connection Considerations ......................... 312 Analog-to-Digital Converter. See ADC ANDLW ............................................................................ 374 ANDWF ............................................................................ 375 Assembler MPASM Assembler .................................................. 418 BF ............................................................................ 242, 244 BF Status Flag ......................................................... 242, 244 Block Diagrams (CCP) Capture Mode Operation .............................. 178 ADC ......................................................................... 291 ADC Transfer Function ............................................ 303 Analog Input Model .......................................... 303, 312 CCP PWM ............................................................... 184 Comparator 1 ........................................................... 306 Compare .................................................................. 181 Crystal Operation ....................................................... 35 CTMU ...................................................................... 317 CTMU Current Source Calibration Circuit ............... 320 CTMU Typical Connections and Internal Configuration for Pulse Delay Generation ....... 328 CTMU Typical Connections and Internal Configuration for Time Measurement .............. 327 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) .......................... 340 EUSART Receive .................................................... 264 EUSART Transmit ................................................... 263 External POR Circuit (Slow VDD Power-up) .............. 61 External RC Mode ..................................................... 36 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) ................................ 44 Generic I/O Port ....................................................... 133 High/Low-Voltage Detect with External Input .......... 344 Interrupt Logic .......................................................... 114 On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................ 59 PIC18F46K22 ............................................................ 16 PWM (Enhanced) .................................................... 188 Reads from Flash Program Memory ......................... 99 Resonator Operation ................................................. 35 Table Read Operation ............................................... 95 Table Write Operation ............................................... 96 Table Writes to Flash Program Memory .................. 101 Timer0 in 16-Bit Mode ............................................. 159 Timer0 in 8-Bit Mode ............................................... 158 Timer1 ..................................................................... 161 Timer1 Gate ............................................. 167, 168, 169 Timer2/4/6 ............................................................... 173 Voltage Reference ................................................... 337 Voltage Reference Output Buffer Example ............. 340 Watchdog Timer ...................................................... 360 BN .................................................................................... 376 BNC ................................................................................. 377 BNN ................................................................................. 377 BNOV .............................................................................. 378 BNZ ................................................................................. 378 BOR. See Brown-out Reset. BOV ................................................................................. 381 BRA ................................................................................. 379 Break Character (12-bit) Transmit and Receive .............. 282 Brown-out Reset (BOR) ..................................................... 62 Detecting ................................................................... 62 Disabling in Sleep Mode ............................................ 62 Minimum Enable Time ............................................... 62 Software Enabled ...................................................... 62 BSF .................................................................................. 379 BTFSC ............................................................................. 380 BTFSS ............................................................................. 380 BTG ................................................................................. 381 BZ .................................................................................... 382 B Bank Select Register (BSR) ............................................... 76 BAUDCON Register ......................................................... 274 BC .................................................................................... 375 BCF .................................................................................. 376 C C Compilers MPLAB C18 ............................................................. 418 CALL ................................................................................ 382 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 479 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 CALLW ............................................................................. 411 Capture Module. See Enhanced Capture/Compare/ PWM(ECCP) Capture/Compare/PWM ................................................... 177 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Associated Registers w/ Capture .... 179, 180, 183, 187, 201 Associated Registers w/ Compare ........................... 182 Associated Registers w/ PWM ......................... 187, 200 Capture Mode .......................................................... 178 CCPx Pin Configuration ........................................... 178 Compare Mode ........................................................ 181 CCPx Pin Configuration ................................... 181 Software Interrupt Mode .......................... 178, 181 Special Event Trigger ....................................... 182 Timer1 Mode Resource ........................... 178, 181 Prescaler .................................................................. 179 PWM Mode Duty Cycle ........................................................ 185 Effects of Reset ................................................ 186 Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions, 20 MHZ ............................... 186 Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions, 32 MHZ ............................... 186 Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions, 8 MHz .................................. 186 Operation in Sleep Mode ................................. 186 Resolution ........................................................ 186 System Clock Frequency Changes .................. 186 PWM Operation ....................................................... 184 PWM Overview ........................................................ 184 PWM Period ............................................................. 185 PWM Setup .............................................................. 184 CCPTMRS0 Register ....................................................... 204 CCPTMRS1 Register ....................................................... 204 CCPxCON (ECCPx) Register .......................................... 201 Clock Accuracy with Asynchronous Operation ................ 272 Clock Sources External Modes .......................................................... 34 EC ...................................................................... 34 HS ...................................................................... 35 LP ....................................................................... 35 OST .................................................................... 34 RC ...................................................................... 36 XT ...................................................................... 35 Internal Modes ........................................................... 36 Frequency Selection .......................................... 38 INTOSC ............................................................. 36 INTOSCIO .......................................................... 36 LFINTOSC ......................................................... 38 Selecting the 31 kHz Source ...................................... 29 Selection Using OSCCON Register ........................... 29 Clock Switching .................................................................. 41 CLRF ................................................................................ 383 CLRWDT .......................................................................... 383 CM1CON0 Register ......................................................... 310 CM2CON0 Register ......................................................... 311 CM2CON1 Register ......................................................... 314 Code Examples 16 x 16 Signed Multiply Routine .............................. 112 16 x 16 Unsigned Multiply Routine .......................... 112 8 x 8 Signed Multiply Routine .................................. 111 8 x 8 Unsigned Multiply Routine .............................. 111 A/D Conversion ........................................................ 297 Capacitance Calibration Routine ............................. 324 Capacitive Touch Switch Routine ............................ 326 Changing Between Capture Prescalers ................... 179 Clearing RAM Using Indirect Addressing .................. 90 Computed GOTO Using an Offset Value ................... 73 Current Calibration Routine ..................................... 322 Data EEPROM Read ............................................... 107 Data EEPROM Refresh Routine .............................. 108 Data EEPROM Write ............................................... 107 Erasing a Flash Program Memory Row ................... 100 Fast Register Stack ................................................... 73 Initializing PORTA .................................................... 133 Initializing PORTB .................................................... 138 Initializing PORTC ................................................... 142 Initializing PORTD ................................................... 146 Initializing PORTE .................................................... 149 Reading a Flash Program Memory Word .................. 99 Saving Status, WREG and BSR Registers in RAM ............................................................. 131 Setup for CTMU Calibration Routines ..................... 321 Writing to Flash Program Memory ................... 102-103 Code Protection ............................................................... 349 COMF .............................................................................. 384 Comparator Associated Registers ............................................... 315 Operation ................................................................. 305 Operation During Sleep ........................................... 309 Response Time ........................................................ 307 Comparator Module C1 Output State Versus Input Conditions ................ 307 Comparator Specifications ............................................... 439 Comparator Voltage Reference (CVREF) Effects of a Reset .................................................... 309 Comparator Voltage Reference (CVREF) Response Time ........................................................ 307 Comparators C2OUT as T1 Gate .................................................. 164 Effects of a Reset .................................................... 309 Compare Module. See Enhanced Capture/Compare/ PWM (ECCP) Computed GOTO ............................................................... 73 CONFIG1H Register ........................................................ 351 CONFIG2H Register ........................................................ 353 CONFIG2L Register ........................................................ 352 CONFIG3H Register ........................................................ 354 CONFIG4L Register ........................................................ 355 CONFIG5H Register ........................................................ 356 CONFIG5L Register ........................................................ 355 CONFIG6H Register ........................................................ 357 CONFIG6L Register ........................................................ 356 CONFIG7H Register ........................................................ 358 CONFIG7L Register ........................................................ 357 Configuration Bits ............................................................ 349 Configuration Register Protection .................................... 365 Context Saving During Interrupts ..................................... 131 CPFSEQ .......................................................................... 384 CPFSGT .......................................................................... 385 CPFSLT ........................................................................... 385 CTMU Associated Registers ............................................... 331 Calibrating ............................................................... 320 Creating a Delay with ............................................... 328 Effects of a Reset .................................................... 329 Initialization .............................................................. 319 Measuring Capacitance with .................................... 325 Measuring Time with ................................................ 327 DS41412B-page 480 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Operation ................................................................. 318 Operation During Idle Mode ..................................... 328 Operation During Sleep Mode ................................. 328 Customer Change Notification Service ............................ 489 Customer Notification Service .......................................... 489 Customer Support ............................................................ 489 CVREF Voltage Reference Specifications ........................ 439 DEVID2 Register ............................................................. 358 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) .................................. 339 Associated Registers ............................................... 342 Effects of a Reset .................................................... 340 Direct Addressing .............................................................. 91 E ECCP/CCP. See Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM ECCPxAS Register .......................................................... 205 EECON1 Register ...................................................... 97, 106 Effect on Standard PIC Instructions ................................. 414 Effects of Power Managed Modes on Various Clock Sources ..................................................................... 40 Effects of Reset PWM mode .............................................................. 186 Electrical Characteristics ................................................. 421 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) .................... 177 Enhanced PWM Mode ............................................. 188 Auto-Restart .................................................... 196 Auto-shutdown ................................................ 195 Direction Change in Full-Bridge Output Mode . 194 Full-Bridge Application ..................................... 192 Full-Bridge Mode ............................................. 192 Half-Bridge Application .................................... 191 Half-Bridge Application Examples ................... 197 Half-Bridge Mode ............................................. 191 Output Relationships (Active-High and Active-Low) .............................................. 189 Output Relationships Diagram ......................... 190 Programmable Dead Band Delay .................... 197 Shoot-through Current ..................................... 197 Start-up Considerations ................................... 199 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) ............................. 263 Errata ................................................................................. 12 EUSART .......................................................................... 263 Asynchronous Mode ................................................ 265 12-bit Break Transmit and Receive ................. 282 Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 271 Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 267 Auto-Wake-up on Break .................................. 280 Baud Rate Generator (BRG) ........................... 275 Clock Accuracy ................................................ 272 Receiver .......................................................... 268 Setting up 9-bit Mode with Address Detect ..... 270 Transmitter ...................................................... 265 Baud Rate Generator (BRG) Associated Registers ....................................... 276 Auto Baud Rate Detect .................................... 279 Baud Rate Error, Calculating ........................... 275 Baud Rates, Asynchronous Modes ................. 276 Formulas .......................................................... 275 High Baud Rate Select (BRGH Bit) ................. 275 Clock polarity Synchronous Mode .......................................... 283 Data polarity Asynchronous Receive .................................... 268 Asynchronous Transmit ................................... 265 Synchronous Mode .......................................... 283 Interrupts Asychronous Receive ...................................... 269 Asynchronous Receive .................................... 269 Asynchronous Transmit ................................... 265 Synchronous Master Mode .............................. 283, 288 Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 287 Associated Registers, Transmit ............... 284, 289 D Data Addressing Modes ..................................................... 90 Comparing Addressing Modes with the Extended Instruction Set Enabled ..................... 93 Direct .......................................................................... 90 Indexed Literal Offset ................................................. 92 Instructions Affected .......................................... 92 Indirect ....................................................................... 90 Inherent and Literal .................................................... 90 Data EEPROM Code Protection ....................................................... 365 Data EEPROM Memory Associated Registers ............................................... 109 EEADR and EEADRH Registers ............................. 105 EECON1 and EECON2 Registers ........................... 105 Operation During Code-Protect ............................... 108 Protection Against Spurious Write ........................... 108 Reading .................................................................... 107 Using ........................................................................ 108 Write Verify .............................................................. 107 Writing ...................................................................... 107 Data Memory ..................................................................... 76 Access Bank .............................................................. 82 and the Extended Instruction Set ............................... 92 Bank Select Register (BSR) ....................................... 76 General Purpose Registers ........................................ 82 Map for PIC18F/LF23K22 and PIC18F/LF43K22 Devices ............................................................. 77 Map for PIC18F/LF24K22 and PIC18F/LF44K22 Devices ............................................................. 78 Special Function Registers ........................................ 82 DAW ................................................................................. 386 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables .................................................. 461 DC Characteristics Input/Output ............................................................. 436 Power-Down Current ............................................... 424 Primary Idle Supply Current ..................................... 433 Primary Run Supply Current .................................... 431 RC Idle Supply Current ............................................ 429 RC Run Supply Current ........................................... 427 Secondary Oscillator Supply Current ....................... 434 Supply Voltage ......................................................... 423 DCFSNZ .......................................................................... 387 DECF ............................................................................... 386 DECFSZ ........................................................................... 387 Development Support ...................................................... 417 Device Differences ........................................................... 478 Device Overview Details on Individual Family Members ....................... 14 Features (table) .......................................................... 15 New Core Features .................................................... 13 Other Special Features .............................................. 14 Device Reset Timers .......................................................... 63 PLL Lock Time-out ..................................................... 63 Power-up Timer (PWRT) ........................................... 63 Time-out Sequence .................................................... 63 DEVID1 Register .............................................................. 358 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 481 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Reception ......................................................... 286 Transmission .................................................... 283 Synchronous Slave Mode Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 290 Reception ......................................................... 290 Transmission .................................................... 288 Extended Instruction Set ADDFSR .................................................................. 410 ADDULNK ................................................................ 410 and Using MPLAB Tools .......................................... 416 CALLW ..................................................................... 411 Considerations for Use ............................................ 414 MOVSF .................................................................... 411 MOVSS .................................................................... 412 PUSHL ..................................................................... 412 SUBFSR .................................................................. 413 SUBULNK ................................................................ 413 Syntax ...................................................................... 409 Typical Low-Voltage Detect Application .................. 346 HLVD. See High/Low-Voltage Detect. ............................. 343 I I2C Mode (MSSPx) Acknowledge Sequence Timing .............................. 246 Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition .................. 251 During a Stop Condition .................................. 252 Effects of a Reset .................................................... 247 I2C Clock Rate w/BRG ............................................. 254 Master Mode Operation ......................................................... 238 Reception ........................................................ 244 Start Condition Timing ............................. 240, 241 Transmission ................................................... 242 Multi-Master Communication, Bus Collision and Arbitration ........................................................ 248 Multi-Master Mode ................................................... 247 Read/Write Bit Information (R/W Bit) ....................... 223 Slave Mode Transmission ................................................... 228 Sleep Operation ....................................................... 247 Stop Condition Timing ............................................. 246 ID Locations ............................................................. 349, 365 INCF ................................................................................ 388 INCFSZ ............................................................................ 389 In-Circuit Debugger .......................................................... 365 In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) ...................... 349, 365 Indexed Literal Offset Addressing and Standard PIC18 Instructions ............................. 414 Indexed Literal Offset Mode ............................................. 414 Indirect Addressing ............................................................ 91 INFSNZ ............................................................................ 389 Instruction Cycle ................................................................ 74 Clocking Scheme ....................................................... 74 Instruction Flow/Pipelining ................................................. 74 Instruction Set .................................................................. 367 ADDLW .................................................................... 373 ADDWF .................................................................... 373 ADDWF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .................... 415 ADDWFC ................................................................. 374 ANDLW .................................................................... 374 ANDWF .................................................................... 375 BC ............................................................................ 375 BCF ......................................................................... 376 BN ............................................................................ 376 BNC ......................................................................... 377 BNN ......................................................................... 377 BNOV ...................................................................... 378 BNZ ......................................................................... 378 BOV ......................................................................... 381 BRA ......................................................................... 379 BSF .......................................................................... 379 BSF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .......................... 415 BTFSC ..................................................................... 380 BTFSS ..................................................................... 380 BTG ......................................................................... 381 BZ ............................................................................ 382 CALL ........................................................................ 382 CLRF ....................................................................... 383 CLRWDT ................................................................. 383 COMF ...................................................................... 384 CPFSEQ .................................................................. 384 CPFSGT .................................................................. 385 CPFSLT ................................................................... 385 F Fail-Safe Clock Monitor .............................................. 44, 349 Fail-Safe Condition Clearing ...................................... 44 Fail-Safe Detection .................................................... 44 Fail-Safe Operation .................................................... 44 Reset or Wake-up from Sleep .................................... 44 Fast Register Stack ............................................................ 72 Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) Associated Registers ............................................... 338 Flash Program Memory ...................................................... 95 Associated Registers ............................................... 103 Control Registers ....................................................... 96 EECON1 and EECON2 ..................................... 96 TABLAT (Table Latch) Register ......................... 98 TBLPTR (Table Pointer) Register ...................... 98 Erase Sequence ...................................................... 100 Erasing ..................................................................... 100 Operation During Code-Protect ............................... 103 Reading ...................................................................... 99 Table Pointer Boundaries Based on Operation ........................ 98 Table Pointer Boundaries .......................................... 98 Table Reads and Table Writes .................................. 95 Write Sequence ....................................................... 101 Writing To ................................................................. 101 Protection Against Spurious Writes ................. 103 Unexpected Termination .................................. 103 Write Verify ...................................................... 103 G GOTO ............................................................................... 388 H Hardware Multiplier .......................................................... 111 Introduction .............................................................. 111 Operation ................................................................. 111 Performance Comparison ........................................ 111 High/Low-Voltage Detect ................................................. 343 Applications .............................................................. 346 Associated Registers ............................................... 347 Characteristics ......................................................... 440 Current Consumption ............................................... 345 Effects of a Reset ..................................................... 347 Operation ................................................................. 344 During Sleep .................................................... 347 Setup ........................................................................ 345 Start-up Time ........................................................... 345 DS41412B-page 482 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DAW ......................................................................... 386 DCFSNZ .................................................................. 387 DECF ....................................................................... 386 DECFSZ ................................................................... 387 Extended Instruction Set .......................................... 409 General Format ........................................................ 369 GOTO ...................................................................... 388 INCF ......................................................................... 388 INCFSZ .................................................................... 389 INFSNZ .................................................................... 389 IORLW ..................................................................... 390 IORWF ..................................................................... 390 LFSR ........................................................................ 391 MOVF ....................................................................... 391 MOVFF .................................................................... 392 MOVLB .................................................................... 392 MOVLW ................................................................... 393 MOVWF ................................................................... 393 MULLW .................................................................... 394 MULWF .................................................................... 394 NEGF ....................................................................... 395 NOP ......................................................................... 395 Opcode Field Descriptions ....................................... 368 POP ......................................................................... 396 PUSH ....................................................................... 396 RCALL ..................................................................... 397 RESET ..................................................................... 397 RETFIE .................................................................... 398 RETLW .................................................................... 398 RETURN .................................................................. 399 RLCF ........................................................................ 399 RLNCF ..................................................................... 400 RRCF ....................................................................... 400 RRNCF .................................................................... 401 SETF ........................................................................ 401 SETF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) ........................ 415 SLEEP ..................................................................... 402 SUBFWB .................................................................. 402 SUBLW .................................................................... 403 SUBWF .................................................................... 403 SUBWFB .................................................................. 404 SWAPF .................................................................... 404 TBLRD ..................................................................... 405 TBLWT ..................................................................... 406 TSTFSZ ................................................................... 407 XORLW .................................................................... 407 XORWF .................................................................... 408 INTCON Register ............................................................. 115 INTCON Registers ................................................... 115-117 INTCON2 Register ........................................................... 116 INTCON3 Register ........................................................... 117 Internal Oscillator Block HFINTOSC Frequency Drift ....................................... 38 PLL in HFINTOSC Modes .......................................... 39 Internal RC Oscillator Use with WDT .......................................................... 360 Internal Sampling Switch (RSS) IMPEDANCE ..................... 302 Internet Address ............................................................... 489 Interrupt Sources ............................................................. 349 ADC ......................................................................... 293 Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) .............................. 138 INTn Pin ................................................................... 131 PORTB, Interrupt-on-Change .................................. 131 TMR0 ....................................................................... 131 TMR0 Overflow ........................................................ 159 Interrupts TMR1 ....................................................................... 166 IORLW ............................................................................. 390 IORWF ............................................................................. 390 IPR Registers ................................................................... 127 IPR1 Register .................................................................. 127 IPR2 Register .................................................................. 128 IPR3 Register .................................................................. 129 IPR4 Register .................................................................. 130 IPR5 Register .................................................................. 130 L LFSR ............................................................................... 391 Low-Voltage ICSP Programming. See Single-Supply ICSP Programming M Map .............................................................................. 79, 80 Master Clear (MCLR) ......................................................... 61 Master Synchronous Serial Port. See MSSPx Memory Organization Data Memory ............................................................. 76 Program Memory ....................................................... 69 Microchip Internet Web Site ............................................. 489 MOVF .............................................................................. 391 MOVFF ............................................................................ 392 MOVLB ............................................................................ 392 MOVLW ........................................................................... 393 MOVSF ............................................................................ 411 MOVSS ............................................................................ 412 MOVWF ........................................................................... 393 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian .................. 418 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software . 417 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer ................................... 420 MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System ............... 419 MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ............... 418 MSSPx ............................................................................. 207 SPI Mode ................................................................. 210 SSPxBUF Register .................................................. 213 SSPxSR Register .................................................... 213 MULLW ............................................................................ 394 MULWF ............................................................................ 394 N NEGF ............................................................................... 395 NOP ................................................................................. 395 O OSCCON Register ....................................................... 32, 33 Oscillator Configuration EC .............................................................................. 27 ECIO .......................................................................... 27 HS .............................................................................. 27 HSPLL ....................................................................... 27 LP .............................................................................. 27 RC ............................................................................. 27 XT .............................................................................. 27 Oscillator Selection .......................................................... 349 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ................................... 40, 63 Oscillator Switching Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ............................................. 44 Two-Speed Clock Start-up ........................................ 42 OSCTUNE Register ........................................................... 37 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 483 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 P P1A/P1B/P1C/P1D.See Enhanced Capture/Compare/ PWM (ECCP) ........................................................... 188 Packaging Information ..................................................... 463 Marking .................................................................... 463 PIE Registers ................................................................... 123 PIE1 Register ................................................................... 123 PIE2 Register ................................................................... 124 PIE3 Register3 ................................................................. 125 PIE4 Register ................................................................... 126 PIE5 Register ................................................................... 126 PIR Registers ................................................................... 118 PIR1 Register ................................................................... 118 PIR2 Register ................................................................... 119 PLL Frequency Multiplier ................................................... 39 POP .................................................................................. 396 POR. See Power-on Reset. PORTA Associated Registers ............................................... 135 PORTA Register ...................................................... 133 TRISA Register ........................................................ 133 PORTB Associated Registers ............................................... 141 PORTB Register ...................................................... 138 PORTC Associated Registers ............................................... 145 PORTC Register ...................................................... 142 PORTD Associated Registers ............................................... 149 PORTD Register ...................................................... 146 TRISD Register ........................................................ 146 PORTE Associated Registers ............................................... 150 PORTE Register ...................................................... 149 Power Managed Modes ..................................................... 47 and A/D Operation ................................................... 296 Effects on Clock Sources ........................................... 40 Entering ...................................................................... 47 Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes .................................... 54 by Interrupt ......................................................... 54 by Reset ............................................................. 54 by WDT Time-out ............................................... 54 Without a Start-up Delay .................................... 54 Idle Modes ................................................................. 51 PRI_IDLE ........................................................... 52 RC_IDLE ............................................................ 53 SEC_IDLE .......................................................... 52 Multiple Sleep Functions ............................................ 48 Run Modes ................................................................. 48 PRI_RUN ........................................................... 48 SEC_RUN .......................................................... 48 Selecting .................................................................... 47 Sleep Mode ................................................................ 51 Summary (table) ........................................................ 47 Power-on Reset (POR) ...................................................... 61 Power-up Timer (PWRT) ........................................... 63 Time-out Sequence .................................................... 63 Power-up Delays ................................................................ 40 Power-up Timer (PWRT) .................................................... 40 Prescaler, Timer0 ............................................................. 159 PRI_IDLE Mode ................................................................. 52 PRI_RUN Mode ................................................................. 48 Program Counter ................................................................ 70 PCL, PCH and PCU Registers ................................... 70 PCLATH and PCLATU Registers .............................. 70 Program Memory and Extended Instruction Set .................................... 94 Code Protection ....................................................... 363 Instructions ................................................................ 75 Two-Word .......................................................... 75 Interrupt Vector .......................................................... 69 Look-up Tables .......................................................... 73 Map and Stack (diagram) .......................................... 70 Reset Vector .............................................................. 69 Program Verification and Code Protection ...................... 362 Associated Registers ............................................... 362 PSTRxCON Register ....................................................... 206 PUSH ............................................................................... 396 PUSH and POP Instructions .............................................. 72 PUSHL ............................................................................. 412 PWM (ECCP Module) PWM Steering .......................................................... 198 Steering Synchronization ......................................... 198 PWM Mode. See Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM ..... 188 PWM Steering .................................................................. 198 PWMxCON Register ........................................................ 206 R RAM. See Data Memory. RC_IDLE Mode .................................................................. 53 RC_RUN ............................................................................ 48 RCALL ............................................................................. 397 RCON Register .................................................................. 60 Bit Status During Initialization .................................... 67 RCREG ............................................................................ 270 RCSTA Register .............................................................. 273 Reader Response ............................................................ 490 Register RCREG Register ..................................................... 279 Register File ....................................................................... 82 Registers ADCON0 (ADC Control 0) ....................................... 298 ADCON1 (ADC Control 1) ....................................... 299 ADCON2 (ADC Control 2) ....................................... 300 ADRESH (ADC Result High) with ADFM = 0) ......... 301 ADRESH (ADC Result High) with ADFM = 1) ......... 301 ADRESL (ADC Result Low) with ADFM = 0) ........... 301 ADRESL (ADC Result Low) with ADFM = 1) ........... 301 BAUDCON (Baud Rate Control) .............................. 274 BAUDCON (EUSART Baud Rate Control) .............. 274 CCPTMRS0 (PWM Timer Selection Control 0) ....... 204 CCPTMRS1 (PWM Timer Selection Control 1) ....... 204 CCPxCON (ECCPx Control) .................................... 201 CM1CON0 (C1 Control) ........................................... 310 CM2CON0 (C2 Control) ........................................... 311 CM2CON1 (C2 Control) ........................................... 314 CONFIG1H (Configuration 1 High) .......................... 351 CONFIG2H (Configuration 2 High) .......................... 353 CONFIG2L (Configuration 2 Low) ........................... 352 CONFIG3H (Configuration 3 High) .......................... 354 CONFIG4L (Configuration 4 Low) ........................... 355 CONFIG5H (Configuration 5 High) .......................... 356 CONFIG5L (Configuration 5 Low) ........................... 355 CONFIG6H (Configuration 6 High) .......................... 357 CONFIG6L (Configuration 6 Low) ........................... 356 CONFIG7H (Configuration 7 High) .......................... 358 CONFIG7L (Configuration 7 Low) ........................... 357 CTMUCONH (CTMU Control High) ......................... 329 CTMUCONL (CTMU Control Low) .......................... 330 CTMUICON (CTMU Current Control) ...................... 331 DEVID1 (Device ID 1) .............................................. 358 DS41412B-page 484 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 DEVID2 (Device ID 2) .............................................. 358 ECCPxAS (CCPx Auto-Shutdown Control) ............. 205 EECON1 (Data EEPROM Control 1) ................. 97, 106 HLVDCON (High/Low-Voltage Detect Control) ........ 343 INTCON (Interrupt Control) ...................................... 115 INTCON2 (Interrupt Control 2) ................................. 116 INTCON3 (Interrupt Control 3) ................................. 117 IPR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 1) ........................ 127 IPR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 2) ........................ 128 IPR3 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority) ........................... 129 IPR4 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority) ........................... 130 IPR5 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority) ........................... 130 OSCCON (Oscillator Control) .............................. 32, 33 OSCTUNE (Oscillator Tuning) ................................... 37 PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1) ........................ 123 PIE2 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 2) ........................ 124 PIE3 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable] ........................... 125 PIE4 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable) ........................... 126 PIE5 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable) ........................... 126 PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request 1) ..................... 118 PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request 2) ..................... 119 PSTRxCON (PWM Steering Control) ...................... 206 PWMxCON (Enhanced PWM Control) .................... 206 RCON (Reset Control) ....................................... 60, 130 RCSTA (Receive Status and Control) ...................... 273 SLRCON (PORT Slew Rate Control) ....................... 156 SRCON0 (SR Latch Control 0) ................................ 335 SRCON1 (SR Latch Control 1) ................................ 336 SSPxADD (MSSPx Address and Baud Rate, I2C Mode) ........................................................ 261 SSPxCON1 (MSSPx Control 1) ............................... 256 SSPxCON2 (SSPx Control 2) .................................. 258 SSPxMSK (SSPx Mask) .......................................... 260 SSPxSTAT (SSPx Status) ....................................... 255 STATUS ..................................................................... 89 STKPTR (Stack Pointer) ............................................ 72 T0CON (Timer0 Control) .......................................... 157 T1CON (Timer1 Control) .......................................... 170 T1GCON (Timer1 Gate Control) .............................. 171 TXCON .................................................................... 175 TXSTA (Transmit Status and Control) ..................... 272 VREFCON0 ............................................................. 338 VREFCON1 ............................................................. 341 VREFCON2 ............................................................. 342 WDTCON (Watchdog Timer Control) ...................... 361 RESET ............................................................................. 397 Reset State of Registers .................................................... 67 Resets .............................................................................. 349 Brown-out Reset (BOR) ........................................... 349 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ............................... 349 Power-on Reset (POR) ............................................ 349 Power-up Timer (PWRT) ......................................... 349 RETFIE ............................................................................ 398 RETLW ............................................................................ 398 RETURN .......................................................................... 399 Return Address Stack ........................................................ 70 Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR) ........................................ 71 Revision History ............................................................... 477 RLCF ................................................................................ 399 RLNCF ............................................................................. 400 RRCF ............................................................................... 400 RRNCF ............................................................................ 401 SETF ............................................................................... 401 Shoot-through Current ..................................................... 197 Single-Supply ICSP Programming. SLEEP ............................................................................. 402 Sleep OSC1 and OSC2 Pin States ...................................... 41 Sleep Mode ....................................................................... 51 Slew Rate ........................................................................ 151 SLRCON Register ........................................................... 156 Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM) ................................... 419 SPBRG ............................................................................ 275 SPBRGH ......................................................................... 275 Special Event Trigger ...................................................... 296 Special Function Registers ................................................ 82 Map ............................................................................ 83 SPI Mode (MSSPx) Associated Registers ............................................... 217 SPI Clock ................................................................. 213 SR Latch Associated Registers ............................................... 336 Effects of a Reset .................................................... 333 SRCON0 Register ........................................................... 335 SRCON1 Register ........................................................... 336 SSPxADD Register .......................................................... 261 SSPxCON1 Register ....................................................... 256 SSPxCON2 Register ....................................................... 258 SSPxMSK Register .......................................................... 260 SSPxOV .......................................................................... 244 SSPxOV Status Flag ....................................................... 244 SSPxSTAT Register ........................................................ 255 R/W Bit .................................................................... 223 Stack Full/Underflow Resets .............................................. 72 Standard Instructions ....................................................... 367 STATUS Register .............................................................. 89 STKPTR Register .............................................................. 72 SUBFSR .......................................................................... 413 SUBFWB ......................................................................... 402 SUBLW ............................................................................ 403 SUBULNK ........................................................................ 413 SUBWF ............................................................................ 403 SUBWFB ......................................................................... 404 SWAPF ............................................................................ 404 T T0CON Register .............................................................. 157 T1CON Register .............................................................. 170 T1GCON Register ........................................................... 171 Table Pointer Operations (table) ........................................ 98 Table Reads/Table Writes ................................................. 73 TBLRD ............................................................................. 405 TBLWT ............................................................................ 406 Time-out in Various Situations (table) ................................ 64 Timer0 ............................................................................. 157 Associated Registers ............................................... 159 Operation ................................................................. 158 Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 159 Prescaler ................................................................. 159 Prescaler Assignment (PSA Bit) .............................. 159 Prescaler Select (T0PS2:T0PS0 Bits) ..................... 159 Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer0. Reads and Writes in 16-Bit Mode ............................ 158 Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ............................... 158 Source Select (T0CS Bit) ........................................ 158 Switching Prescaler Assignment ............................. 159 Timer1 ............................................................................. 161 Associated registers ................................................ 172 S SEC_IDLE Mode ................................................................ 52 SEC_RUN Mode ................................................................ 48 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 485 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Asynchronous Counter Mode .................................. 163 Reading and Writing ........................................ 163 Clock Source Selection ............................................ 162 Interrupt .................................................................... 166 Operation ................................................................. 162 Operation During Sleep ........................................... 166 Oscillator .................................................................. 163 Prescaler .................................................................. 163 Timer1 Gate Selecting Source .............................................. 164 TMR1H Register ...................................................... 161 TMR1L Register ....................................................... 161 Timer2 Associated registers ................................................. 176 Timer2/4/6 ........................................................................ 173 Associated registers ................................................. 176 Timers Timer1 T1CON ............................................................. 170 T1GCON .......................................................... 171 Timer2/4/6 TXCON ............................................................ 175 Timing Diagrams A/D Conversion ........................................................ 459 Acknowledge Sequence .......................................... 246 Asynchronous Reception ......................................... 271 Asynchronous Transmission .................................... 266 Asynchronous Transmission (Back to Back) ........... 267 Auto Wake-up Bit (WUE) During Normal Operation ......................................................... 281 Auto Wake-up Bit (WUE) During Sleep ................... 281 Automatic Baud Rate Calculator .............................. 280 Baud Rate Generator with Clock Arbitration ............ 239 BRG Reset Due to SDA Arbitration During Start Condition .......................................................... 250 Brown-out Reset (BOR) ........................................... 446 Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition (Case 1) ........................................................... 251 Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition (Case 2) ........................................................... 251 Bus Collision During a Start Condition (SCL = 0) .... 250 Bus Collision During a Stop Condition (Case 1) ...... 252 Bus Collision During a Stop Condition (Case 2) ...... 252 Bus Collision During Start Condition (SDA only) ..... 249 Bus Collision for Transmit and Acknowledge ........... 248 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) ................................ 448 CLKO and I/O .......................................................... 445 Clock Synchronization ............................................. 236 Clock/Instruction Cycle .............................................. 74 Comparator Output .................................................. 305 EUSART Synchronous Receive (Master/Slave) ...... 458 EUSART Synchronous Transmission (Master/Slave) .................................................. 458 Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 0) ..................... 449 Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 1) ..................... 450 Example SPI Master Mode Timing .......................... 449 Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 0) ....................... 451 Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1) ....................... 452 External Clock (All Modes except PLL) .................... 443 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) ................................ 45 First Start Bit Timing ................................................ 240 Full-Bridge PWM Output .......................................... 193 Half-Bridge PWM Output ................................. 191, 197 High/Low-Voltage Detect Characteristics ................ 440 High-Voltage Detect Operation (VDIRMAG = 1) ...... 346 I2C Bus Data ............................................................ 454 I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits ............................................ 453 I2C Master Mode (7 or 10-Bit Transmission) ........... 243 I2C Master Mode (7-Bit Reception) .......................... 245 I2C Stop Condition Receive or Transmit Mode ........ 247 Internal Oscillator Switch Timing ............................... 43 Low-Voltage Detect Operation (VDIRMAG = 0) ...... 345 Master SSP I2C Bus Data ........................................ 456 Master SSP I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits ........................ 456 PWM Auto-shutdown ............................................... 196 Firmware Restart ............................................. 196 PWM Direction Change ........................................... 194 PWM Direction Change at Near 100% Duty Cycle .. 195 PWM Output (Active-High) ...................................... 189 PWM Output (Active-Low) ....................................... 190 Repeat Start Condition ............................................ 241 Reset, Watchdog Timer (WDT), Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), Power-up Timer (PWRT) ........... 446 Send Break Character Sequence ............................ 282 Slow Rise Time (MCLR Tied to VDD, VDD Rise > TPWRT) ............................................................... 65 SPI Mode (Master Mode) ......................................... 213 Synchronous Reception (Master Mode, SREN) ...... 287 Synchronous Transmission ..................................... 284 Synchronous Transmission (Through TXEN) .......... 284 Time-out Sequence on POR w/PLL Enabled (MCLR Tied to VDD) .......................................... 66 Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR Not Tied to VDD, Case 1) ......................................... 64 Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR Not Tied to VDD, Case 2) ......................................... 65 Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR Tied to VDD, VDD Rise < TPWRT) ............................... 64 Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock .......................... 447 Timer1 Incrementing Edge ...................................... 167 Transition for Entry to SEC_RUN Mode .................... 49 Transition for Entry to Sleep Mode ............................ 51 Transition for Wake from Sleep (HSPLL) .................. 52 Transition from RC_RUN Mode to PRI_RUN Mode .. 50 Transition from SEC_RUN Mode to PRI_RUN Mode (HSPLL) ................................................... 49 Transition Timing for Entry to Idle Mode .................... 52 Transition Timing for Wake from Idle to Run Mode ... 53 Timing Diagrams and Specifications ............................... 443 A/D Conversion Requirements ................................ 460 Capture/Compare/PWM Requirements ................... 449 CLKO and I/O Requirements ................................... 445 EUSART Synchronous Receive Requirements ....... 458 EUSART Synchronous Transmission Requirements .................................................. 458 Example SPI Mode Requirements (Master Mode, CKE = 0) .................................. 450 (Master Mode, CKE = 1) .................................. 451 (Slave Mode, CKE = 0) .................................... 452 (Slave Mode, CKE = 1) .................................... 453 External Clock Requirements .................................. 443 I2C Bus Data Requirements (Slave Mode) .............. 455 I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits Requirements (Slave Mode) ................................................... 454 Master SSP I2C Bus Data Requirements ................ 457 Master SSP I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits Requirements .................................................. 456 PLL Clock ................................................................ 444 DS41412B-page 486 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Reset, Watchdog Timer, Oscillator Start-up Timer, Power-up Timer and Brown-out Reset Requirements .................................................. 447 Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock Requirements ... 448 Top-of-Stack Access .......................................................... 71 TSTFSZ ........................................................................... 407 Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode ....................................... 42 Two-Speed Start-up ......................................................... 349 Two-Word Instructions Example Cases .......................................................... 75 TXCON (Timer2/4/6) Register ......................................... 175 TXREG ............................................................................. 265 TXSTA Register ............................................................... 272 BRGH Bit ................................................................. 275 V Voltage Reference (VR) Specifications ........................................................... 439 VREF. SEE ADC Reference Voltage VREFCON0 Register ....................................................... 338 VREFCON1 (Digital-to-Analog Converter Control 0) Register .................................................................... 341 VREFCON2 (Digital-to-Analog Converter Control 1) Register .................................................................... 342 W Wake-up on Break ........................................................... 280 Watchdog Timer (WDT) ........................................... 349, 360 Associated Registers ............................................... 361 Control Register ....................................................... 361 Programming Considerations .................................. 360 WCOL ...................................................... 239, 242, 244, 246 WCOL Status Flag ................................... 239, 242, 244, 246 WDTCON Register .......................................................... 361 WWW Address ................................................................. 489 WWW, On-Line Support .................................................... 12 X XORLW ............................................................................ 407 XORWF ............................................................................ 408 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 487 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 NOTES: DS41412B-page 488 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE Microchip provides online support via our WWW site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: * Product Support - Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user's guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software * General Technical Support - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing * Business of Microchip - Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives CUSTOMER SUPPORT Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: * * * * * Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support Development Systems Information Line Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE Microchip's customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest. To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer Change Notification and follow the registration instructions. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 489 PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 READER RESPONSE It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document. To: RE: Technical Publications Manager Reader Response Total Pages Sent ________ From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Y N Literature Number: DS41412B FAX: (______) _________ - _________ Device: PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? 2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs? 3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why? 4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject? 5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness? 6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)? 7. How would you improve this document? DS41412B-page 490 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device X Packaging Option X Temperature Range /XX Package XXX Pattern Examples: a) b) c) d) PIC18F46K22-E/P 301 = Extended temp., PDIP package, QTP pattern #301. PIC18F46K22-I/SO = Industrial temp., SOIC package. PIC18F46K22-E/P = Extended temp., PDIP package. PIC18F46K22T-I/ML = Tape and reel, Industrial temp., QFN package. Device: PIC18F46K22, PIC18LF46K22 PIC18F45K22, PIC18LF45K22 PIC18F44K22, PIC18LF44K22 PIC18F43K22, PIC18LF43K22 PIC18F26K22, PIC18LF26K22 PIC18F25K22, PIC18LF25K22 PIC18F24K22, PIC18LF24K22 PIC18F23K22, PIC18LF23K22 blank = standard packaging (tube or tray) T = Tape and Reel(1) E I ML MV P PT SO SP SS = -40C to +125C = -40C to +85C = = = = = = = (Extended) (Industrial) Packaging Option: Temperature Range: Package: Note 1: Tape and Reel option is available for ML, MV, PT, SO and SS packages with industrial Temperature Range only. QFN UQFN PDIP TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack) SOIC Skinny Plastic DIP SSOP Pattern: QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements (blank otherwise) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41412B-page 491 WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE AMERICAS Corporate Office 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 480-792-7200 Fax: 480-792-7277 Technical Support: http://support.microchip.com Web Address: www.microchip.com Atlanta Duluth, GA Tel: 678-957-9614 Fax: 678-957-1455 Boston Westborough, MA Tel: 774-760-0087 Fax: 774-760-0088 Chicago Itasca, IL Tel: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075 Cleveland Independence, OH Tel: 216-447-0464 Fax: 216-447-0643 Dallas Addison, TX Tel: 972-818-7423 Fax: 972-818-2924 Detroit Farmington Hills, MI Tel: 248-538-2250 Fax: 248-538-2260 Kokomo Kokomo, IN Tel: 765-864-8360 Fax: 765-864-8387 Los Angeles Mission Viejo, CA Tel: 949-462-9523 Fax: 949-462-9608 Santa Clara Santa Clara, CA Tel: 408-961-6444 Fax: 408-961-6445 Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 905-673-6509 ASIA/PACIFIC Asia Pacific Office Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor Tower 6, The Gateway Harbour City, Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 Australia - Sydney Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 61-2-9868-6755 China - Beijing Tel: 86-10-8528-2100 Fax: 86-10-8528-2104 China - Chengdu Tel: 86-28-8665-5511 Fax: 86-28-8665-7889 China - Chongqing Tel: 86-23-8980-9588 Fax: 86-23-8980-9500 China - Hong Kong SAR Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 China - Nanjing Tel: 86-25-8473-2460 Fax: 86-25-8473-2470 China - Qingdao Tel: 86-532-8502-7355 Fax: 86-532-8502-7205 China - Shanghai Tel: 86-21-5407-5533 Fax: 86-21-5407-5066 China - Shenyang Tel: 86-24-2334-2829 Fax: 86-24-2334-2393 China - Shenzhen Tel: 86-755-8203-2660 Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 China - Wuhan Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 China - Xian Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Fax: 86-29-8833-7256 China - Xiamen Tel: 86-592-2388138 Fax: 86-592-2388130 China - Zhuhai Tel: 86-756-3210040 Fax: 86-756-3210049 ASIA/PACIFIC India - Bangalore Tel: 91-80-3090-4444 Fax: 91-80-3090-4123 India - New Delhi Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 Fax: 91-11-4160-8632 India - Pune Tel: 91-20-2566-1512 Fax: 91-20-2566-1513 Japan - Yokohama Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122 Korea - Daegu Tel: 82-53-744-4301 Fax: 82-53-744-4302 Korea - Seoul Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or 82-2-558-5934 Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Tel: 60-3-6201-9857 Fax: 60-3-6201-9859 Malaysia - Penang Tel: 60-4-227-8870 Fax: 60-4-227-4068 Philippines - Manila Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Fax: 63-2-634-9069 Singapore Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 886-3-6578-300 Fax: 886-3-6578-370 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: 886-7-536-4818 Fax: 886-7-536-4803 Taiwan - Taipei Tel: 886-2-2500-6610 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102 Thailand - Bangkok Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Fax: 66-2-694-1350 EUROPE Austria - Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393 Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4450-2828 Fax: 45-4485-2829 France - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 Germany - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Italy - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611 Fax: 39-0331-466781 Netherlands - Drunen Tel: 31-416-690399 Fax: 31-416-690340 Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90 Fax: 34-91-708-08-91 UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5869 Fax: 44-118-921-5820 01/05/10 DS41412B-page 492 Preliminary 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. |
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